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Papers by Siim Mõttus
Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica, 28 (1), 109−121., 2022
The discussion about the principles of succession in the Hittite kingdom has been largely focused... more The discussion about the principles of succession in the Hittite kingdom has been largely focused on the Old Kingdom period and not so much on its later history. But through a variety of sources (diplomatic treaties, oath
impositions etc.) from the New Kingdom, one could take a gander at how the passing of the throne was viewed at those times. Unsurprisingly, similar to the previous era, the norm was still that a son of a king was to inherit the throne, but there are enough hints in the text that sometimes the political whims and needs of a king (and a queen) superseded tradition and succession rules were more fluid. In addition, the fact that certain kings felt the need to constantly take steps to legitimize and secure their and their successor’s position over rivalling branches of the
royal family shows that the transference of power in the Hittite New Kingdom was still problematic.
Idakiri, 2021
This article takes a look into an ancient folktale from the Hittite Anatolia of the 2nd millenniu... more This article takes a look into an ancient folktale from the Hittite Anatolia of the 2nd millennium BC and offers a translation into Estonian. The tale describes a man named Appu, rich but unfortunately without any children. He asks the sun-god for aid and is later granted two sons, whom he named Bad and Good. When the brothers grow up, a quarrel breaks out over the inheritance, as Bad tries to scam Good for the superior share. They turn to gods for justice and although the end of the story is not preserved, it seems that the sun-god righteously brings the matter to a close, punishing Bad. The folktale shares a lot of common tropes with other stories – conflicting brothers, childlessness and the topics of justice and morality – what is good and what is bad.
This article analyzes current theoretical discourses within the Neolithic and Chalcolithic resear... more This article analyzes current theoretical discourses within the Neolithic and Chalcolithic research of Southwestern Asia, which is still dominated by interpretations that assume a progression of increased hierarchization. Whether explicitly or implicitly, social evolutionary thinking still pervades our scholarship, and prevents innovative theory-building. This entails an inability to break with heuristics of 'origins' inherited from the past (e.g. "from the origins of domestication to the origins of civilization"), even though old and new discoveries, when integrated, are already pointing towards alternative research pathways. Sedentism, domestication, and urbanism were all complex, protracted, non-linear processes. Yet, the visualization of an 'Uruk phenomenon' expanding over large areas of Mesopotamia during the 4 th millennium BC, ridden with problematic inconsistencies, still heralds the triumphal rise of civilization. Instead of relying on obsolete political and economic theories, or fake economy/ritual dichotomies, the investigation of social intelligence and the articulation of the biosocial in the landscape and within the prehistoric community should be a priority. The 'agency' of 'elites' is merely an interpretive deus ex machina helping scholars deal with the many difficulties and uncertainties of their research. Rezumat. Acest articol analizează discursul teoretic actual aferent cercetărilor asupra Neoliticului și Paleoliticului din Asia de Sud-Vest, el fiind încă dominat de interpretări bazate pe o progresie a unei ierarhizări considerabile. Fie explicit, fie implicit, gândirea social-evoluționistă încă afectează mediul academic și împiedică dezvoltarea de noi abordări teoretice. Aceasta conduce la neputința de a părăsi euristica ,,originilor", moștenită din trecut (,,de la originile domesticirii la originile civilizării"), chiar și atunci când anumite descoperiri, deopotrivă vechi și noi, odată integrate, trimit deja către metode alternative de cercetare. Sedentarizarea, domesticirea și urbanizarea au fost procese complexe, prelungite și non-lineare. Totuși, vizualizarea unui ,,fenomen Uruk" extins peste zone întinse ale Mesopotamiei pe parcursul mileniului al IV-lea î. Hr., cuprins de numeroaose inconsistențe, încă marchează apariția triumfală a civilizației. În loc să se bazeze pe teoretizări politice și economice sau pe false dihotomii între economie și ritual, investigarea inteligenței sociale și articularea biosocialului în acest peisaj și în interiorul comunităților preistorice ar trebui să fie o prioritate. ,,Agenția elitelor" este, cel mult, o interpretare deux ex machina ce sprijină specialiștii în depășirea dificultăților și nesiguranțelor cercetării lor.
Mäetagused, 2021
II eelkristliku aastatuhande Anatoolias eksisteerinud Hetiidi riigi varasemast ajaloost pole säil... more II eelkristliku aastatuhande Anatoolias eksisteerinud Hetiidi riigi varasemast ajaloost pole säilinud kuigi palju kirjalikke allikaid. Üheks eredamaks näiteks on kuningas Hattušili I testament, mis pakub põgusa pilguheite hetiitide ühiskonda, ajalukku ning tollastesse troonipärilusprobleemidesse. Tekst jutustab, kuidas surivoodil lamav kuningas Hattušili vahetab välja oma senise troonipärija noore Muršili vastu, kuna eelmine ametisse nimetatu ei näidanud endas olevat piisavalt kuninglikke omadusi. Suuresti didaktilise loomuga tekst pakub nii Muršilile kui ka teda ümbritsevatele inimestele juhiseid riigi juhtimise ja igapäevaelu kohta ning toob negatiivsete näidetena välja kuninga lähikondlaste eksimusi. See artikkel esitab testamendi tõlke hetiidi keelest eesti keelde ning pakub selgitavaid kommentaare.
Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica, 2019
Sources on the reign of the Hittite king Telepinu, including the principle source in the form of ... more Sources on the reign of the Hittite king Telepinu, including the principle source in the form of an edict issued by the king himself, are unfortunately taciturn about his relationship to previous kings. Such information that we do have hints at two possibilities: he was either a son or a son-in-law of Ammuna, a previous ruler. He is tied to Huzziya I, a usurper, but the latter's position in the dynasty is uncertain as well. This article makes the case for the view that Telepinu married into the royal family rather than being born into it, and Huzziya I was a lower-rank son who had to eliminate higher-standing candidates in order to ascend to the throne.
SAA by Siim Mõttus
Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica, 2020
Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica 25/1 (August 2019) http://saa.uaic.ro/issues/xxv-1/ CUPRINS – ... more Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica 25/1 (August 2019)
http://saa.uaic.ro/issues/xxv-1/
CUPRINS – CONTENTS – SOMMAIRE
PAPERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
Genealogies in the Ancient World
Tartu (Estonia) 2016
—Sebastian FINK & Vladimir SAZONOV
——Introduction
—Sebastian FINK & Vladimir SAZONOV
——Complex Genealogies in Mesopotamia: From Mesilim to Tukultī-Ninurta I
—Siim MÕTTUS
——On the Lineage of King Telepinu
—Mait KÕIV
——Manipulating Genealogies: Pheidon of Argos and the Stemmas of the Argive, Macedonian, Spartan and Median Kings
—Jakub KUCIAK
——Der Mythos im Dienst der Politik: das Beispiel der euripideischen Tragödie Ion
—Stephan SCHARINGER
——A Genealogy of Pythagoras
—Tarmo KULMAR
——The Origin Myths as a Possible Basis for Genealogy of the Inca Imperial Dynasty in Ancient Peru
ARTICLES
—Radu-Ștefan BALAUR
——Community Structure, Economy and Sharing Strategies in the Chalcolithic Settlement of Hăbășești, Romania
—Casandra BRAȘOVEANU
——Settlement Spatial Distribution from Late Chalcolithic to Early Hallstatt. Case Study: Cracău-Bistrița Depression
—Anna LAZAROU
——Prehistoric Gorgoneia: a Critical Reassessment
—Alexandr LOGINOV & Vladimir SHELESTIN
——La perception du sceptre en Grèce de l’époque d’Homère et de Mycènes à la lumière des parallèles de l’Orient Antique
—Larisa PECHATNOVA
——Die Hypomeiones in Sparta
—Elena NIKITYUK
——Kalokagathia: to a Question on Formation of an Image of the Ideal Person in Antiquity and During Modern Time
—Maxim M. KHOLOD
——On the Representation and Self-representation of the Argead Rulers (before Alexander the Great): the Title Basileus
—Dragana NIKOLIĆ
——Stoneworkers’ Hercules. A Comment on an Upper Moesian Inscription
—José María ZAMORA CALVO
——Remarks on the so-called Plotinus’ Sarcophagus (‘Vatican Museums’, inv. 9504)
—Cornel BALLA
——Some Considerations on the Praefectus ripae legionis primae Ioviae cohortis et secundae Herculiae musculorum Scythicorum et classis in plateypegiis
—Felix-Adrian TENCARIU & Andrei ASĂNDULESEI
——‘Rock Salt Around the Clock’. Ethnoarchaeological Research Concerning Traditional Extraction of Salt for Animal Consumption
Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica, 28 (1), 109−121., 2022
The discussion about the principles of succession in the Hittite kingdom has been largely focused... more The discussion about the principles of succession in the Hittite kingdom has been largely focused on the Old Kingdom period and not so much on its later history. But through a variety of sources (diplomatic treaties, oath
impositions etc.) from the New Kingdom, one could take a gander at how the passing of the throne was viewed at those times. Unsurprisingly, similar to the previous era, the norm was still that a son of a king was to inherit the throne, but there are enough hints in the text that sometimes the political whims and needs of a king (and a queen) superseded tradition and succession rules were more fluid. In addition, the fact that certain kings felt the need to constantly take steps to legitimize and secure their and their successor’s position over rivalling branches of the
royal family shows that the transference of power in the Hittite New Kingdom was still problematic.
Idakiri, 2021
This article takes a look into an ancient folktale from the Hittite Anatolia of the 2nd millenniu... more This article takes a look into an ancient folktale from the Hittite Anatolia of the 2nd millennium BC and offers a translation into Estonian. The tale describes a man named Appu, rich but unfortunately without any children. He asks the sun-god for aid and is later granted two sons, whom he named Bad and Good. When the brothers grow up, a quarrel breaks out over the inheritance, as Bad tries to scam Good for the superior share. They turn to gods for justice and although the end of the story is not preserved, it seems that the sun-god righteously brings the matter to a close, punishing Bad. The folktale shares a lot of common tropes with other stories – conflicting brothers, childlessness and the topics of justice and morality – what is good and what is bad.
This article analyzes current theoretical discourses within the Neolithic and Chalcolithic resear... more This article analyzes current theoretical discourses within the Neolithic and Chalcolithic research of Southwestern Asia, which is still dominated by interpretations that assume a progression of increased hierarchization. Whether explicitly or implicitly, social evolutionary thinking still pervades our scholarship, and prevents innovative theory-building. This entails an inability to break with heuristics of 'origins' inherited from the past (e.g. "from the origins of domestication to the origins of civilization"), even though old and new discoveries, when integrated, are already pointing towards alternative research pathways. Sedentism, domestication, and urbanism were all complex, protracted, non-linear processes. Yet, the visualization of an 'Uruk phenomenon' expanding over large areas of Mesopotamia during the 4 th millennium BC, ridden with problematic inconsistencies, still heralds the triumphal rise of civilization. Instead of relying on obsolete political and economic theories, or fake economy/ritual dichotomies, the investigation of social intelligence and the articulation of the biosocial in the landscape and within the prehistoric community should be a priority. The 'agency' of 'elites' is merely an interpretive deus ex machina helping scholars deal with the many difficulties and uncertainties of their research. Rezumat. Acest articol analizează discursul teoretic actual aferent cercetărilor asupra Neoliticului și Paleoliticului din Asia de Sud-Vest, el fiind încă dominat de interpretări bazate pe o progresie a unei ierarhizări considerabile. Fie explicit, fie implicit, gândirea social-evoluționistă încă afectează mediul academic și împiedică dezvoltarea de noi abordări teoretice. Aceasta conduce la neputința de a părăsi euristica ,,originilor", moștenită din trecut (,,de la originile domesticirii la originile civilizării"), chiar și atunci când anumite descoperiri, deopotrivă vechi și noi, odată integrate, trimit deja către metode alternative de cercetare. Sedentarizarea, domesticirea și urbanizarea au fost procese complexe, prelungite și non-lineare. Totuși, vizualizarea unui ,,fenomen Uruk" extins peste zone întinse ale Mesopotamiei pe parcursul mileniului al IV-lea î. Hr., cuprins de numeroaose inconsistențe, încă marchează apariția triumfală a civilizației. În loc să se bazeze pe teoretizări politice și economice sau pe false dihotomii între economie și ritual, investigarea inteligenței sociale și articularea biosocialului în acest peisaj și în interiorul comunităților preistorice ar trebui să fie o prioritate. ,,Agenția elitelor" este, cel mult, o interpretare deux ex machina ce sprijină specialiștii în depășirea dificultăților și nesiguranțelor cercetării lor.
Mäetagused, 2021
II eelkristliku aastatuhande Anatoolias eksisteerinud Hetiidi riigi varasemast ajaloost pole säil... more II eelkristliku aastatuhande Anatoolias eksisteerinud Hetiidi riigi varasemast ajaloost pole säilinud kuigi palju kirjalikke allikaid. Üheks eredamaks näiteks on kuningas Hattušili I testament, mis pakub põgusa pilguheite hetiitide ühiskonda, ajalukku ning tollastesse troonipärilusprobleemidesse. Tekst jutustab, kuidas surivoodil lamav kuningas Hattušili vahetab välja oma senise troonipärija noore Muršili vastu, kuna eelmine ametisse nimetatu ei näidanud endas olevat piisavalt kuninglikke omadusi. Suuresti didaktilise loomuga tekst pakub nii Muršilile kui ka teda ümbritsevatele inimestele juhiseid riigi juhtimise ja igapäevaelu kohta ning toob negatiivsete näidetena välja kuninga lähikondlaste eksimusi. See artikkel esitab testamendi tõlke hetiidi keelest eesti keelde ning pakub selgitavaid kommentaare.
Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica, 2019
Sources on the reign of the Hittite king Telepinu, including the principle source in the form of ... more Sources on the reign of the Hittite king Telepinu, including the principle source in the form of an edict issued by the king himself, are unfortunately taciturn about his relationship to previous kings. Such information that we do have hints at two possibilities: he was either a son or a son-in-law of Ammuna, a previous ruler. He is tied to Huzziya I, a usurper, but the latter's position in the dynasty is uncertain as well. This article makes the case for the view that Telepinu married into the royal family rather than being born into it, and Huzziya I was a lower-rank son who had to eliminate higher-standing candidates in order to ascend to the throne.
Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica, 2020
Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica 25/1 (August 2019) http://saa.uaic.ro/issues/xxv-1/ CUPRINS – ... more Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica 25/1 (August 2019)
http://saa.uaic.ro/issues/xxv-1/
CUPRINS – CONTENTS – SOMMAIRE
PAPERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
Genealogies in the Ancient World
Tartu (Estonia) 2016
—Sebastian FINK & Vladimir SAZONOV
——Introduction
—Sebastian FINK & Vladimir SAZONOV
——Complex Genealogies in Mesopotamia: From Mesilim to Tukultī-Ninurta I
—Siim MÕTTUS
——On the Lineage of King Telepinu
—Mait KÕIV
——Manipulating Genealogies: Pheidon of Argos and the Stemmas of the Argive, Macedonian, Spartan and Median Kings
—Jakub KUCIAK
——Der Mythos im Dienst der Politik: das Beispiel der euripideischen Tragödie Ion
—Stephan SCHARINGER
——A Genealogy of Pythagoras
—Tarmo KULMAR
——The Origin Myths as a Possible Basis for Genealogy of the Inca Imperial Dynasty in Ancient Peru
ARTICLES
—Radu-Ștefan BALAUR
——Community Structure, Economy and Sharing Strategies in the Chalcolithic Settlement of Hăbășești, Romania
—Casandra BRAȘOVEANU
——Settlement Spatial Distribution from Late Chalcolithic to Early Hallstatt. Case Study: Cracău-Bistrița Depression
—Anna LAZAROU
——Prehistoric Gorgoneia: a Critical Reassessment
—Alexandr LOGINOV & Vladimir SHELESTIN
——La perception du sceptre en Grèce de l’époque d’Homère et de Mycènes à la lumière des parallèles de l’Orient Antique
—Larisa PECHATNOVA
——Die Hypomeiones in Sparta
—Elena NIKITYUK
——Kalokagathia: to a Question on Formation of an Image of the Ideal Person in Antiquity and During Modern Time
—Maxim M. KHOLOD
——On the Representation and Self-representation of the Argead Rulers (before Alexander the Great): the Title Basileus
—Dragana NIKOLIĆ
——Stoneworkers’ Hercules. A Comment on an Upper Moesian Inscription
—José María ZAMORA CALVO
——Remarks on the so-called Plotinus’ Sarcophagus (‘Vatican Museums’, inv. 9504)
—Cornel BALLA
——Some Considerations on the Praefectus ripae legionis primae Ioviae cohortis et secundae Herculiae musculorum Scythicorum et classis in plateypegiis
—Felix-Adrian TENCARIU & Andrei ASĂNDULESEI
——‘Rock Salt Around the Clock’. Ethnoarchaeological Research Concerning Traditional Extraction of Salt for Animal Consumption