Jarno Niemelä | Tampere University (original) (raw)

Papers by Jarno Niemelä

The target of the paper is to provide guidelines for indoor antenna selection for passive distrib... more The target of the paper is to provide guidelines for indoor antenna selection for passive distributed antenna system or radiating cable implementation. Distributed antenna systems are commonly used for indoor installations, and radiating cables are often used in tunnels, airplanes, or similar constricted areas. However, guidelines for optimizing WCDMA indoor network antenna configuration are lacking in the literature. In this paper, the effect of different distributed antenna configurations on signal quality and system performance is studied, taking also radiating cable in comparison. A special attention is paid to the future requirements of HSDPA. The measurement results show that planning of distributed antenna system is not very sensitive to the amount of antennas, as long as good coverage can be ensured. Also radiating cable can be used, but providing good coverage requires very dense installation of cables.Peer reviewe

VTC-2005-Fall. 2005 IEEE 62nd Vehicular Technology Conference, 2005.

The aim of this paper is to propose applicable cellular location techniques improving latency and... more The aim of this paper is to propose applicable cellular location techniques improving latency and enhancing service availability of AGPS in cellular networks. Attractiveness of presented assistance methods is magnified due to opportunity of deployment in a standalone mode, e.g., in regular terminals or in networks, where AGPS positioning is not supported. In this paper, both completely network- and mobile-based

TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master’s Degree Program in Electrical Engineering KUMAR, ASHOK: ... more TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master’s Degree Program in Electrical Engineering KUMAR, ASHOK: LTE System Performance Simulations Master of Science Thesis: 58 Pages, 3 Appendix pages. December 2012. Major: RF Electronics Examiners: Prof. Jukka Lempiäinen, Dr. Jarno Niemelä.

6th IEE International Conference on 3G and Beyond (05/11182), 2005

RF Radio Frequency. Radiotaajuus tai radiotaajuinen. RSCP Received signal code power. CPICH-kanav... more RF Radio Frequency. Radiotaajuus tai radiotaajuinen. RSCP Received signal code power. CPICH-kanavan teho päätelaitteessa. RX level Received (RX) level. GSM-verkossa yleislähetyskanavan vastaanotettu tehotaso.

International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, 2015

In order to support anywhere and anytime services of Beyond 4G networks, new deployment solutions... more In order to support anywhere and anytime services of Beyond 4G networks, new deployment solutions will be required that can cost-effectively address the capacity demand of the future and also offer consistently high bit rates and decent quality of service throughout the network coverage area. In this article we look into an advanced outdoor distributed antenna system (DAS) concept, dynamic DAS, that offers on-demand outdoor capacity in urban areas by dynamically configuring the remote antenna units to either act as individual small cells or distributed nodes of a common central cell. The performance of the investigated DAS solution is evaluated and compared with legacy macrocellular deployment in a dense urban environment. Furthermore, the analysis covers the performance evaluation, mainly from an outdoor perspective. The obtained results indicate superior performance of dynamic DAS concept in terms of coverage and SINR, network capacity and cost-efficiency as compared to legacy macrocellular network deployments.

IEEE 60th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2004. VTC2004-Fall. 2004

Pilot pollution is observed in areas where a mobile station does not have enough RAKE fingers for... more Pilot pollution is observed in areas where a mobile station does not have enough RAKE fingers for processing all the received pilot signals or there is no dominant pilot signal at all. The paper evaluates the impact of base station antenna configuration in a 3-sectored site and in different 6-sectored WCDMA sites on the amount of pilot pollution. The results

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2005

The impact of antenna downtilt on the performance of cellular WCDMA network has been studied by u... more The impact of antenna downtilt on the performance of cellular WCDMA network has been studied by using a radio network planning tool. An optimum downtilt angle has been evaluated for numerous practical macrocellular site and antenna configurations for electrical and mechanical antenna downtilt concepts. The aim of this massive simulation campaign was expected to provide an answer to two questions: firstly, how to select the downtilt angle of a macrocellular base station antenna? Secondly, what is the impact of antenna downtilt on system capacity and network coverage? Optimum downtilt angles were observed to vary between 3.5 •-10.5 • depending on the network configuration. Moreover, the corresponding downlink capacity gains varied between 0-58%. Antenna vertical beamwidth affects clearly the required optimum downtilt angle the most. On the other hand, with wider antenna vertical beamwidth, the impact of downtilt on system performance is not such imposing. In addition, antenna height together with the size of the dominance area affect the required downtilt angle. Finally, the simulation results revealed how the importance of the antenna downtilt becomes more significant in dense networks, where the capacity requirements are typically also higher.

2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2014

Use of energy efficient construction materials is increasing all the time due to more and more ti... more Use of energy efficient construction materials is increasing all the time due to more and more tightened building regulations, which aim is to reduce overall energy consumption and thereon e.g. mitigate climate change. Energy efficient building materials and structures improve heat insulation but also change the propagation characteristics of radio signals between outdoor and indoors. This paper examines in details such propagation effects and increased levels of outdoor-indoor attenuation in modern apartment buildings, and their impact on mobile cellular networks. In particular, the aim is to compare external wall attenuations for the modern and older apartment buildings and to assess the impact of increased attenuations for the density and planning of cell sites of mobile cellular macro networks. We also demonstrate and evaluate the opportunities for increased indoor signal coverage by using a dedicated aperture installed in building materials.

The target of the paper is to provide guidelines for indoor antenna selection for distributed ant... more The target of the paper is to provide guidelines for indoor antenna selection for distributed antenna system or radiating cable implementation. Distributed antenna system is a commonly used antenna system for indoor installations, and radiating cables are often used in tunnels, airplanes, or similar constricted areas. However, guidelines for optimizing WCDMA indoor network antenna configuration are lacking in the literature. Distributed antenna system with variable amount of antennas is compared to radiating cable, and the behavior of the system is analyzed by a number of indicators. The results show that distributed antenna system is a favorable solution compared to radiating cables. In addition, it can be concluded that the capacity of the network is not highly proportional to the number of antennas in distributed antenna system, but they affect more the coverage of the network.

6th Joint IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC), 2013

ABSTRACT This paper evaluates the capacity performance of a microcellular network deployment in a... more ABSTRACT This paper evaluates the capacity performance of a microcellular network deployment in a dense urban Manhattan grid environment. Different microcellular layouts with varying cell densities per sq. km are investigated, while considering the outdoor and as well as indoor propagation environments. Three main capacity enhancing techniques; network densification, site placement and antenna downtilt are utilized and their effect on cell spectral efficiency and area spectral efficiency is assessed. As a result of densification, the network capacity for outdoor environment can be improved since the area spectral efficiency increases. However, due to significant reduction of cell spectral efficiency, the area spectral efficiency starts to saturate for indoor environments. The results also indicate that careful site placement can enhance the capacity performance in both outdoor and indoor environments. Moreover, antenna downtilt configuration is shown to improve the area capacity in the outdoor environment with minor improvement for indoor environments. The results hence indicate that microcellular network densification suffers from capacity inefficiency even when performance techniques like antenna downtilt is utilized. This calls for alternative methods to deploy networks, e.g., HetNets, indoor networks.

2014 16th International Telecommunications Network Strategy and Planning Symposium (Networks), 2014

ABSTRACT Provisioning of high rate mobile data services and increased network level capacities in... more ABSTRACT Provisioning of high rate mobile data services and increased network level capacities in mobile cellular systems require higher received signal levels and improved interference characteristics throughout the cell coverage area. Traditional macrocellular deployments, due to high associated path losses, are only able to provide peak bit rates to users near the base stations. Moreover, the situation is further degraded in dense urban areas due to fading and shadowing effects. Hence, operators are forced to bring the antenna installations closer to the users in order to reduce the link losses and increase the service availability. As such, two competing technologies have been identified as alternative solutions for provisioning of high speed data in the outdoor environment, (i) small cells and (ii) outdoor distributed antenna systems (ODAS). In this article we evaluate and analyze the performance of small cells and outdoor DAS based deployments in a dense urban environment. The analysis covers the performance evaluation in both outdoor and indoor settings while taking into account two key performance metrics: coverage and spectral efficiency. Furthermore, we study different deployment strategies for deploying the outdoor DAS network. Results indicate, that due to better interference management, ODAS deployments can provide improvements in outdoor cell level capacities, specifically cell edge capacity performance, as compared to stand-alone small cell deployments, however, due to comparatively lower frequency reuse factor than small cell scenario, the area capacity performance of ODAS is lower. For indoor receivers, the performance of all outdoor solutions are fairly low, mainly due to high associated building penetration loss. The findings strongly motivate the deployments towards heterogeneous network, where the indoor small cell solutions fulfill the exponentially increasing capacity demand of the indoor environment. For fulfilling the dynamic outdoor capacity demands, there is an inherent need of an advanced version of outdoor DAS solution that can dynamically configure the DAS nodes to act as a ‘single super micro-/DAS cell’ or multiple independent small microcells, based on the outdoor traffic conditions.

39th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks Workshops, 2014

ABSTRACT In this article, we study and analyze the impact of modern buildings, with increased bui... more ABSTRACT In this article, we study and analyze the impact of modern buildings, with increased building penetration losses (BPLs), on different cellular deployment strategies based on traditional outdoor (macro) and dedicated indoor (femto) solutions in a suburban environment. The analysis covers both indoor and outdoor use cases, and the performance of the deployment strategies is evaluated in terms of network coverage, spectral and energy efficiency. The obtained results indicate that the indoor performance of pure macrocellular network in terms of coverage, capacity and energy efficiency is highly degraded with increasing wall penetration losses of modern buildings. Hence, the best strategy to overcome this problem is by deploying indoor femtocells, whose indoor performance is shown to actually benefit from increased BPLs. However, the outdoor performance of pure femtocell deployment is shown to degrade due to increased BPLs. Stemming from this, a heterogeneous Macro-Femto co-channel deployment solution is also analyzed and shown to deliver a balanced performance for both outdoor and indoor environments in terms of coverage, capacity and energy efficiency. These findings strongly motivate towards heterogeneous network deployments in the future, where indoor network elements play an increasingly important role.

IEEE Communications Magazine, 2015

2006 IEEE 63rd Vehicular Technology Conference

The aim of this paper is to assess the applicability of a repeater connected to a distributed ant... more The aim of this paper is to assess the applicability of a repeater connected to a distributed antenna system for improving indoor capacity in UMTS radio network. A guarantee of sufficient coverage and capacity for in-building areas constitutes a considerable issue in topology planning, because in both links, indoor users produce high interference to the outdoor network due to significant indoor propagation losses. Presented configuration effectively exploits effectively a repeater system that amplifies the signal from the outdoor network and delivers it for indoor locations through distributed antenna system. Implementation of the analyzed repeater system is straightforward as it does not require usage of separate carrier. Moreover, any separate scrambling codes do not have to be dedicated either. Conducted measurement campaigns reveal improvement of radio conditions due to repeater implementation that results in 35% gain of downlink capacity for indoor locations. Furthermore, in the analyzed scenario, the average value of SIR is improved by 3.41 dB that might lead to an increase of capacity in HSDPA as well. Simultaneously, the executed measurements illustrate the positive impact of the indoor DAS solution on the downlink capacity of the surrounding macrocellular network.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2013

Modern, advanced mobile radio networks have billions of users and an increasing amount is using t... more Modern, advanced mobile radio networks have billions of users and an increasing amount is using the mobile networks indoors. Smartphones are designed for data consumption and thus the demand is for higher and higher throughput rates. At the same time the users and operators of mobile radio networks encounter difficulties with coverage gaps, especially indoors. Femtocells are a new concept that aims for ease of use, low cost and high performance in providing coverage and capacity for indoor users. This paper presents measurement results for an arbitrary, large-scale, indoor femtocell deployment. The measurements revealed clear promise in the technology, but at the same time difficulties with interference in such a high density femtocell environment. Power management is increasingly important in femtocell deployments as the placement is uncontrolled by the operator. Femtocell network parameters and density have a clear impact on the performance.

UMTS Radio Network Planning, Optimization and QOS Management

ABSTRACT Coverage and capacity planning of WCDMA-based UMTS cellular networks are strongly tied t... more ABSTRACT Coverage and capacity planning of WCDMA-based UMTS cellular networks are strongly tied together. This chapter introduces the principles of the UMTS topology planning, which means combined coverage and capacity planning. The topology planning phase contains definitions of site locations and configurations together with the base station antenna configuration. These technical elements influence the network coverage and system capacity of a UMTS network. Critical coverage and capacity topics such as signaling channel power needs, multiple services, Erlang-B capacity, and load equations are first introduced separately as they relate to the initial topology planning phase. Finally, radio network system simulations of actual topology planning are described and the impact of different base station site configurations on system coverage and capacity are presented with examples.

Proc. 8th IEEE International …, 2005

WCDMA network functionality. Taking full advantage of SHOs requires careful setting of parameters... more WCDMA network functionality. Taking full advantage of SHOs requires careful setting of parameters. In addition, state of the network affects the performance of SHO algorithm. Pilot pollution, ie, too many hearable pilots, can make it difficult for SHO algorithm to perform ...

International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks, 2013

This paper aims to show the effect of macrocellular network densification on the capacity, energy... more This paper aims to show the effect of macrocellular network densification on the capacity, energy and cost efficiency. The presented results are based on radio propagation simulations that consider macrocellular network with different inter-site distances, i.e. different site densities, and also take into account the presence of indoor receiver points by varying outdoor and indoor receiver distribution. It is observed that as a result of densifying the network, the cell spectral efficiency reduces due to increasing level of inter-cell interference. However, as a result of densification, the network area capacity can be improved since the area spectral efficiency increases. Nevertheless, the densification efficiency decreases because of the reduction of cell spectral efficiency, especially when indoor receiver points are taken into account. The results hence indicate that densification of macrocellular network suffers from inefficiency which results in higher energy and cost per bit per Hertz, and thus calls for alternative methods to deploy networks, or alternatively, more sophisticated methods, such as base station coordination or inter-cell interference cancellation techniques, to be implemented for future cellular networks.