Roope Raisamo | Tampere University (original) (raw)

Papers by Roope Raisamo

Applied Sciences

In medical surgery planning, virtual reality (VR) provides a working environment, where 3D images... more In medical surgery planning, virtual reality (VR) provides a working environment, where 3D images of the operation area can be utilized. VR allows 3D imaging data to be viewed in a more realistic 3D environment, reducing perceptual problems and increasing spatial understanding. In the present experiment, we compared a mouse, hand tracking, and a combination of a VR stylus and a grab-enabled VR controller as interaction methods in VR. The purpose was to investigate the suitability of the methods in VR for object manipulation and marking tasks in medical surgery planning. The tasks required interaction with 3D objects and high accuracy in the creation of landmarks. The combination of stylus and controller was the most preferred interaction method. According to subjective results, it was considered as the most appropriate because it allows the manipulation of objects in a way that is similar to the use of bare hands. In the objective results, the mouse interaction method was the most a...

Medical operation planning requires high precision due to the health risks involved. In virtual r... more Medical operation planning requires high precision due to the health risks involved. In virtual reality-based osteotomy operation planning, medical professionals would like to use their hands instead of the controllers for osteotomy plane manipulation. However, using hands as an input method in virtual reality is challenging due to noisy hand tracking. We explored the perceptual structure of precise plane manipulation by conducting a controlled experiment to compare: (1) separable Push-Poke which dynamically selects plane manipulation parameters, (2) separable custom axis with Control-Display gain widget which provides user to select object manipulation parameters, (3) integral pinch-based direct manipulation. The perceptual structure of hand-based plane manipulation techniques is composed of (1) integral and fast direct manipulation and (2) separable slow technique that dynamically selects manipulation parameters.

Multimodal Technologies and Interaction

High-fidelity localized feedback has the potential of providing new and unique levels of interact... more High-fidelity localized feedback has the potential of providing new and unique levels of interaction with a given device. Achieving this in a cost-effective reproducible manner has been a challenge in modern technology. Past experiments have shown that by using the principles of constructive wave interference introduced by time offsets it is possible to achieve a position of increased vibration displacement at any given location. As new interface form factors increasingly incorporate curved surfaces, we now show that these same techniques can successfully be applied and mechanically coupled with a universal actuation plate.

Applied Sciences

Training in virtual reality (VR) is a valuable supplementing tool for advancing knowledge transfe... more Training in virtual reality (VR) is a valuable supplementing tool for advancing knowledge transfer that results in increased efficiency and accuracy of technicians in fieldwork. However, COVID-19 pandemic restrictions made it impossible for VR training centers to operate on a full scale, forcing traditional face-to-face learning sessions to become remote. In this article, we investigate the asymmetric use of a VR training solution—among devices with different levels of immersion and control—to enrich the content of remote training sessions. The VR in this case can be seen as a source of visual and other contextual information to advance the effects of situated learning and enhance knowledge transfer. To evaluate this approach, we conducted a remote user study with ten industrial maintenance and installation experts. We also introduce the “Research Panel” tool to gather reactions of learners during the remote training session. The expert user study results demonstrate the usefulness ...

Applied Sciences

Virtual Reality (VR) is a critical emerging technology in industrial contexts, as it facilitates ... more Virtual Reality (VR) is a critical emerging technology in industrial contexts, as it facilitates collaboration and supports the product development lifecycle. However, its broad adoption is constrained by complex and high-cost integration. The use of VR among devices with various immersion and control levels may solve this obstacle, and increase the scalability of VR technologies. This article presents a case study on applying asymmetry between the COVE-VR platform and Microsoft Teams to enable distributed collaboration of multinational departments and enhance the maintenance method and documentation creation processes. Overall, five remote collaborative sessions were held with 20 experts from four countries. Our findings suggest that asymmetry between head-mounted display and Teams users enhances the quality of communication among geographically dispersed teams and their spatial understanding, which positively influences knowledge transfer and efficiency of industrial processes. Ba...

International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery

Purpose Many surgical complications can be prevented by careful operation planning and preoperati... more Purpose Many surgical complications can be prevented by careful operation planning and preoperative evaluation of the anatomical features. Virtual dental implant planning in three-dimensional stereoscopic virtual reality environment has advantages over three-dimensional projections on two-dimensional screens. In the virtual environment, the anatomical areas of the body can be assessed and interacted with in six degrees-of-freedom. Our aim was to make a preliminary evaluation of how professional users perceive the use of the virtual environment on their field. Methods We prepared a novel implementation of a virtual dental implant planning system and conducted a small-scale user study with four dentomaxillofacial radiologists to evaluate the usability of direct and indirect interaction in a planning task. Results We found that all four participants ranked direct interaction, planning the implant placement without handles, to be better than the indirect condition where the implant mode...

International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery

Purpose In dental implantology, the optimal placement of dental implants is important to meet fun... more Purpose In dental implantology, the optimal placement of dental implants is important to meet functional and aesthetic requirements. Planning dental implants in virtual three-dimensional (3D) environment is possible using virtual reality (VR) technologies. The three-dimensional stereoscopic virtual reality environment offers advantages over three-dimensional projection on a two-dimensional display. The use of voice commands in virtual reality environment to replace button presses and other simple actions frees the user’s hands and eyes for other tasks. Methods Six dentomaxillofacial radiologists experimented using a prototype version of a three-dimensional virtual reality implant planning tool, and used two different tool selection methods, using either only button presses or also voice commands. We collected objective measurements of the results and subjective data of the participant experience to compare the two conditions. Results The tool was approved by the experts and they wer...

CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts

Three-dimensional (3D) models have widely been used in medical diagnosis and planning tasks. Hapt... more Three-dimensional (3D) models have widely been used in medical diagnosis and planning tasks. Haptic virtual reality (VR) interfaces implemented by using VR equipment and haptic devices have previously been proposed for these medical 3D manipulation tasks. They have been found to be faster and more accurate in a medical marking task with novel users, compared with the traditional 2D interaction technique that uses a mouse and a 2D display. In this study, we recruited medical experts who do the medical landmarking task as part of their daily work to examine the performance of haptic VR interfaces and to investigate experts' user experience. There were no statistically significant differences between the haptic user interfaces and the mouse-based 2D interface in terms of task completion time and marking accuracy. Based on experts' subjective data, haptic VR interfaces showed great potential for medical work because of the natural input methods and haptic feedback. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Haptic devices; Virtual reality; User studies.

Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, 2017

We 1 present a novel signaling method for head-mounted displays, which surpasses eye (pupil) and ... more We 1 present a novel signaling method for head-mounted displays, which surpasses eye (pupil) and delivers guiding light signals directly to retina through tissue near the eyes. is method preserves full visual acuity on the display and does not block view to the scene, while also delivering additional visual signals. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing ➝ Displays and imagers • Interface design prototyping • Gestural input • Computing methodologies ➝ Mixed / augmented reality • Virtual reality • Hardware ➝ Displays and imagers

Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 2022

Virtual reality devices are used for several application domains, such as medicine, entertainment... more Virtual reality devices are used for several application domains, such as medicine, entertainment, marketing and training. A handheld controller is the common interaction method for direct object manipulation in virtual reality environments. Using hands would be a straightforward way to directly manipulate objects in the virtual environment if hand-tracking technology were reliable enough. In recent comparison studies, hand-based systems compared unfavorably against the handheld controllers in task completion times and accuracy. In our controlled study, we compare these two interaction techniques with a new hybrid interaction technique which combines the controller tracking with hand gestures for a rigid object manipulation task. The results demonstrate that the hybrid interaction technique is the most preferred because it is intuitive, easy to use, fast, reliable and it provides haptic feedback resembling the real-world object grab. This suggests that there is a trade-off between n...

When people enter a city as visitors (tourists or business travelers), they have conscious or unc... more When people enter a city as visitors (tourists or business travelers), they have conscious or unconscious expectations of the experience they will have about the city. Arrival spots such as railway stations and airports have a significant role in building the first experience of a city. With the emergence of smart city infrastructures and services, various kinds of user experiences can be enabled to travelers. Many smart city projects have already taken a user-centered design approach. However, so far the developments of smart city services have not focused on the enablement of specific experiences but rather, on novel functionalities or technological solutions. In this paper, we argue that experience-driven design can be a viable approach to create enticing smart city services. We present current challenges and initial results of an interview study of traveler experiences in the Tampere railway station area. We also discuss our plans to work with local SMEs to help them develop suc...

Proceedings of the 24th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, 2018

Selecting an object is a basic interaction task in virtual reality (VR) environments. Interaction... more Selecting an object is a basic interaction task in virtual reality (VR) environments. Interaction techniques with gaze pointing have potential for this elementary task. There appears to be little empirical evidence concerning the benefits and drawbacks of these methods in VR. We ran an experiment studying three interaction techniques: ray casting, dwell time and gaze trigger, where gaze trigger was a combination of gaze pointing and controller selection. We studied user experience and interaction speed in a simple object selection task. The results indicated that ray casting outperforms both gazebased methods while gaze trigger performs better than dwell time.

Proceedings of International Conference on Making Sense of Converging Media, 2013

This paper introduces a novel concept to support people flow in complex built environments focusi... more This paper introduces a novel concept to support people flow in complex built environments focusing on mobile interaction with elevators. With the developed mobile application, users can indicate in advance where they are going, while the application handles corresponding elevator calls and informs the user at appropriate times. The application can be configured to meet typical usage patterns and needs, such as quick access to common destinations, scheduled calls based on estimated walk time, and continuous status information of the allocated elevators. The results from formative user studies, including two in-situ user evaluations and a long-term field trial, show that the application can provide added value to its users in complex building environments. Key design issues in this context are to provide greater flexibility in elevator scheduling, and to clearly communicate both the success of the user's commands and elevator status in the mobile interface.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009

Haptic and Audio Interaction Design

Research on rhythm perception has mostly been focused on the auditory and visual modalities. Prev... more Research on rhythm perception has mostly been focused on the auditory and visual modalities. Previous studies have shown that the auditory modality dominates rhythm perception. Rhythms can also be perceived through the tactile senses, for example, as vibrations, but only few studies exist. We investigated unimodal and crossmodal rhythm perception with auditory, tactile, and visual modalities. Pairs of rhythm patterns

Applied Sciences

In medical surgery planning, virtual reality (VR) provides a working environment, where 3D images... more In medical surgery planning, virtual reality (VR) provides a working environment, where 3D images of the operation area can be utilized. VR allows 3D imaging data to be viewed in a more realistic 3D environment, reducing perceptual problems and increasing spatial understanding. In the present experiment, we compared a mouse, hand tracking, and a combination of a VR stylus and a grab-enabled VR controller as interaction methods in VR. The purpose was to investigate the suitability of the methods in VR for object manipulation and marking tasks in medical surgery planning. The tasks required interaction with 3D objects and high accuracy in the creation of landmarks. The combination of stylus and controller was the most preferred interaction method. According to subjective results, it was considered as the most appropriate because it allows the manipulation of objects in a way that is similar to the use of bare hands. In the objective results, the mouse interaction method was the most a...

Medical operation planning requires high precision due to the health risks involved. In virtual r... more Medical operation planning requires high precision due to the health risks involved. In virtual reality-based osteotomy operation planning, medical professionals would like to use their hands instead of the controllers for osteotomy plane manipulation. However, using hands as an input method in virtual reality is challenging due to noisy hand tracking. We explored the perceptual structure of precise plane manipulation by conducting a controlled experiment to compare: (1) separable Push-Poke which dynamically selects plane manipulation parameters, (2) separable custom axis with Control-Display gain widget which provides user to select object manipulation parameters, (3) integral pinch-based direct manipulation. The perceptual structure of hand-based plane manipulation techniques is composed of (1) integral and fast direct manipulation and (2) separable slow technique that dynamically selects manipulation parameters.

Multimodal Technologies and Interaction

High-fidelity localized feedback has the potential of providing new and unique levels of interact... more High-fidelity localized feedback has the potential of providing new and unique levels of interaction with a given device. Achieving this in a cost-effective reproducible manner has been a challenge in modern technology. Past experiments have shown that by using the principles of constructive wave interference introduced by time offsets it is possible to achieve a position of increased vibration displacement at any given location. As new interface form factors increasingly incorporate curved surfaces, we now show that these same techniques can successfully be applied and mechanically coupled with a universal actuation plate.

Applied Sciences

Training in virtual reality (VR) is a valuable supplementing tool for advancing knowledge transfe... more Training in virtual reality (VR) is a valuable supplementing tool for advancing knowledge transfer that results in increased efficiency and accuracy of technicians in fieldwork. However, COVID-19 pandemic restrictions made it impossible for VR training centers to operate on a full scale, forcing traditional face-to-face learning sessions to become remote. In this article, we investigate the asymmetric use of a VR training solution—among devices with different levels of immersion and control—to enrich the content of remote training sessions. The VR in this case can be seen as a source of visual and other contextual information to advance the effects of situated learning and enhance knowledge transfer. To evaluate this approach, we conducted a remote user study with ten industrial maintenance and installation experts. We also introduce the “Research Panel” tool to gather reactions of learners during the remote training session. The expert user study results demonstrate the usefulness ...

Applied Sciences

Virtual Reality (VR) is a critical emerging technology in industrial contexts, as it facilitates ... more Virtual Reality (VR) is a critical emerging technology in industrial contexts, as it facilitates collaboration and supports the product development lifecycle. However, its broad adoption is constrained by complex and high-cost integration. The use of VR among devices with various immersion and control levels may solve this obstacle, and increase the scalability of VR technologies. This article presents a case study on applying asymmetry between the COVE-VR platform and Microsoft Teams to enable distributed collaboration of multinational departments and enhance the maintenance method and documentation creation processes. Overall, five remote collaborative sessions were held with 20 experts from four countries. Our findings suggest that asymmetry between head-mounted display and Teams users enhances the quality of communication among geographically dispersed teams and their spatial understanding, which positively influences knowledge transfer and efficiency of industrial processes. Ba...

International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery

Purpose Many surgical complications can be prevented by careful operation planning and preoperati... more Purpose Many surgical complications can be prevented by careful operation planning and preoperative evaluation of the anatomical features. Virtual dental implant planning in three-dimensional stereoscopic virtual reality environment has advantages over three-dimensional projections on two-dimensional screens. In the virtual environment, the anatomical areas of the body can be assessed and interacted with in six degrees-of-freedom. Our aim was to make a preliminary evaluation of how professional users perceive the use of the virtual environment on their field. Methods We prepared a novel implementation of a virtual dental implant planning system and conducted a small-scale user study with four dentomaxillofacial radiologists to evaluate the usability of direct and indirect interaction in a planning task. Results We found that all four participants ranked direct interaction, planning the implant placement without handles, to be better than the indirect condition where the implant mode...

International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery

Purpose In dental implantology, the optimal placement of dental implants is important to meet fun... more Purpose In dental implantology, the optimal placement of dental implants is important to meet functional and aesthetic requirements. Planning dental implants in virtual three-dimensional (3D) environment is possible using virtual reality (VR) technologies. The three-dimensional stereoscopic virtual reality environment offers advantages over three-dimensional projection on a two-dimensional display. The use of voice commands in virtual reality environment to replace button presses and other simple actions frees the user’s hands and eyes for other tasks. Methods Six dentomaxillofacial radiologists experimented using a prototype version of a three-dimensional virtual reality implant planning tool, and used two different tool selection methods, using either only button presses or also voice commands. We collected objective measurements of the results and subjective data of the participant experience to compare the two conditions. Results The tool was approved by the experts and they wer...

CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts

Three-dimensional (3D) models have widely been used in medical diagnosis and planning tasks. Hapt... more Three-dimensional (3D) models have widely been used in medical diagnosis and planning tasks. Haptic virtual reality (VR) interfaces implemented by using VR equipment and haptic devices have previously been proposed for these medical 3D manipulation tasks. They have been found to be faster and more accurate in a medical marking task with novel users, compared with the traditional 2D interaction technique that uses a mouse and a 2D display. In this study, we recruited medical experts who do the medical landmarking task as part of their daily work to examine the performance of haptic VR interfaces and to investigate experts' user experience. There were no statistically significant differences between the haptic user interfaces and the mouse-based 2D interface in terms of task completion time and marking accuracy. Based on experts' subjective data, haptic VR interfaces showed great potential for medical work because of the natural input methods and haptic feedback. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Haptic devices; Virtual reality; User studies.

Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, 2017

We 1 present a novel signaling method for head-mounted displays, which surpasses eye (pupil) and ... more We 1 present a novel signaling method for head-mounted displays, which surpasses eye (pupil) and delivers guiding light signals directly to retina through tissue near the eyes. is method preserves full visual acuity on the display and does not block view to the scene, while also delivering additional visual signals. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing ➝ Displays and imagers • Interface design prototyping • Gestural input • Computing methodologies ➝ Mixed / augmented reality • Virtual reality • Hardware ➝ Displays and imagers

Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 2022

Virtual reality devices are used for several application domains, such as medicine, entertainment... more Virtual reality devices are used for several application domains, such as medicine, entertainment, marketing and training. A handheld controller is the common interaction method for direct object manipulation in virtual reality environments. Using hands would be a straightforward way to directly manipulate objects in the virtual environment if hand-tracking technology were reliable enough. In recent comparison studies, hand-based systems compared unfavorably against the handheld controllers in task completion times and accuracy. In our controlled study, we compare these two interaction techniques with a new hybrid interaction technique which combines the controller tracking with hand gestures for a rigid object manipulation task. The results demonstrate that the hybrid interaction technique is the most preferred because it is intuitive, easy to use, fast, reliable and it provides haptic feedback resembling the real-world object grab. This suggests that there is a trade-off between n...

When people enter a city as visitors (tourists or business travelers), they have conscious or unc... more When people enter a city as visitors (tourists or business travelers), they have conscious or unconscious expectations of the experience they will have about the city. Arrival spots such as railway stations and airports have a significant role in building the first experience of a city. With the emergence of smart city infrastructures and services, various kinds of user experiences can be enabled to travelers. Many smart city projects have already taken a user-centered design approach. However, so far the developments of smart city services have not focused on the enablement of specific experiences but rather, on novel functionalities or technological solutions. In this paper, we argue that experience-driven design can be a viable approach to create enticing smart city services. We present current challenges and initial results of an interview study of traveler experiences in the Tampere railway station area. We also discuss our plans to work with local SMEs to help them develop suc...

Proceedings of the 24th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, 2018

Selecting an object is a basic interaction task in virtual reality (VR) environments. Interaction... more Selecting an object is a basic interaction task in virtual reality (VR) environments. Interaction techniques with gaze pointing have potential for this elementary task. There appears to be little empirical evidence concerning the benefits and drawbacks of these methods in VR. We ran an experiment studying three interaction techniques: ray casting, dwell time and gaze trigger, where gaze trigger was a combination of gaze pointing and controller selection. We studied user experience and interaction speed in a simple object selection task. The results indicated that ray casting outperforms both gazebased methods while gaze trigger performs better than dwell time.

Proceedings of International Conference on Making Sense of Converging Media, 2013

This paper introduces a novel concept to support people flow in complex built environments focusi... more This paper introduces a novel concept to support people flow in complex built environments focusing on mobile interaction with elevators. With the developed mobile application, users can indicate in advance where they are going, while the application handles corresponding elevator calls and informs the user at appropriate times. The application can be configured to meet typical usage patterns and needs, such as quick access to common destinations, scheduled calls based on estimated walk time, and continuous status information of the allocated elevators. The results from formative user studies, including two in-situ user evaluations and a long-term field trial, show that the application can provide added value to its users in complex building environments. Key design issues in this context are to provide greater flexibility in elevator scheduling, and to clearly communicate both the success of the user's commands and elevator status in the mobile interface.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009

Haptic and Audio Interaction Design

Research on rhythm perception has mostly been focused on the auditory and visual modalities. Prev... more Research on rhythm perception has mostly been focused on the auditory and visual modalities. Previous studies have shown that the auditory modality dominates rhythm perception. Rhythms can also be perceived through the tactile senses, for example, as vibrations, but only few studies exist. We investigated unimodal and crossmodal rhythm perception with auditory, tactile, and visual modalities. Pairs of rhythm patterns