Joseph Stanford | University of Utah (original) (raw)

Papers by Joseph Stanford

OBJETIVOS : Avaliar a possibilidade de efeitos depois da fertilização nos contraceptivos de emerg... more OBJETIVOS : Avaliar a possibilidade de efeitos depois da fertilização nos contraceptivos de emergência (CE) mais usados nos Estados Unidos e explorar o impacto ético desta possibilidade.

OBJETIVOS : Evaluar la posibilidad de efectos después de la fertilización en los contraceptivos d... more OBJETIVOS : Evaluar la posibilidad de efectos después de la fertilización en los contraceptivos de emergencia (CE) más usados en los Estados Unidos y explorar el impacto ético de esta posibilidad. (1966-noviembre 2001) para identificar todos los artículos pertinentes en el idioma inglés. Se hizo una revisión mayor de la sección de referencias para identificar artículos adicionales relacionados. Los términos buscados incluyen: contracepción de emergencia, contracepción postcoital, efectos después de la fertilización, Régimen de Yuzpe, levonorgestrel, Plan B.

OBJECTIF : Évaluer la possibilité d'un effet post-fécondation lié aux moyens de contraception d'u... more OBJECTIF : Évaluer la possibilité d'un effet post-fécondation lié aux moyens de contraception d'urgence hormonale les plus répandus aux États-Unis et étudier l'impact éthique de cette possibilité.

Fertility and Sterility, 2014

Maternal and child health journal, 2000

The classification scheme used by the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) is a well-establish... more The classification scheme used by the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) is a well-established system for defining the intendedness of pregnancy, but its clinical relevance is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to explore how women conceptualize the intention status of their pregnancies and how their concepts relate to the classification scheme used by the NSFG. This qualitative study used in-depth, semistructured, open-ended interviews with 27 pregnant women seeking prenatal care or abortion. Sampling was based on ethnicity (Caucasian or Hispanic), education, religiosity, and NSFG intention status (intended, mistimed, or unwanted). Five qualitative dimensions of pregnancy intendedness emerged: preconception desire for pregnancy, steps taken to prepare for pregnancy, fertility behavior and expectations, postconception desire for pregnancy, and adaptation to pregnancy and baby. The relationship of these qualitative dimensions to the NSFG categories was varied and complex, ...

Journal of The American Board of Family Medicine, 2009

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 2008

Objectives: We evaluated outcomes in couples treated for infertility with natural procreative tec... more Objectives: We evaluated outcomes in couples treated for infertility with natural procreative technology (NaProTechnology, NPT), a systematic medical approach for optimizing physiologic conditions for conception in vivo, from an Irish general practice.

To evaluate pregnancy probabilities during use of the Creighton Model Fertility Care System (CrMS... more To evaluate pregnancy probabilities during use of the Creighton Model Fertility Care System (CrMS). Couples who began use of the CrMS were entered into this observational cohort study. Follow-up included detailed reviews of use of the CrMS. Pregnancy probabilities were calculated with both net and gross life-table analysis through 18 months. A natural family planning service delivery program based at an urban hospital in Houston, Tex. A group of 701 couples who received instruction in the CrMS were entered into the study. Most couples (93%) were engaged or married. Most women were white (83%), between the ages of 20 and 34 years (88%), and college graduates (58%). Pregnancies were classified based on a detailed evaluation involving the pregnant woman (usually with her partner). At 12 months, the following net pregnancy probabilities were found per 100 couples: method-related pregnancies, 0.14; pregnancies caused by user and/or teacher error, 2.72; pregnancies caused by achieving-related behavior (genital contact during a time known to be fertile), 12.84; unresolved pregnancies, 1.43; and total pregnancies, 17.12. Pregnancy probabilities were similar when stratified by the following reproductive categories: uncomplicated regular cycles, long cycles, discontinuing oral contraceptives, breastfeeding, and other. Pregnancy probabilities of the CrMS compare favorably with those of other methods of family planning. Most pregnancies result from genital contact during a known fertile time. Women need not have regular cycles to use the CrMS successfully.

Time to pregnancy, typically defined as the number of menstrual cycles required to achieve a clin... more Time to pregnancy, typically defined as the number of menstrual cycles required to achieve a clinical pregnancy, is widely used as a measure of couple fecundity in epidemiologic studies. Time to pregnancy studies seldom utilize detailed data on the timing and frequency of sexual intercourse and the timing of ovulation. However, the simulated models in this paper illustrate that intercourse

he primary mechanism of oral contraceptives is to inhibit ovulation, but this mecha- nism is not ... more he primary mechanism of oral contraceptives is to inhibit ovulation, but this mecha- nism is not always operative. When breakthrough ovulation occurs, then secondary mechanisms operate to prevent clinically recognized pregnancy. These secondary mecha- nisms may occur either before or after fertilization. Postfertilization effects would be problematic for some patients, who may desire information about this possibility. This article evalu-

Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2015

We launched the Boston University Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO) to assess the feasibility of ca... more We launched the Boston University Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO) to assess the feasibility of carrying out an Internet-based preconception cohort study in the US and Canada. We recruited female participants age 21-45 and their male partners through Internet advertisements, word of mouth, and flyers. Female participants were randomised with 50% probability to receive a subscription to FertilityFriend.com (FF), a web-based programme that collects real-time data on menstrual characteristics. We compared recruitment methods within PRESTO, assessed the cost-efficiency of PRESTO relative to its Danish counterpart (Snart-Gravid), and validated retrospectively reported date of last menstrual period (LMP) against the FF data. After 99 weeks of recruitment (2013-15), 2421 women enrolled; 1384 (57%) invited their male partners to participate, of whom 693 (50%) enrolled. Baseline characteristics were balanced across randomisation groups. Cohort retention was similar among those randomised vs. not randomised to FF (84% vs. 81%). At study enrolment, 56%, 22%, and 22% couples had been trying to conceive for <3, 3-5, and ≥6 months, respectively. The cost per subject enrolled was 146(2013US146 (2013 US146(2013US), which was similar to our companion Danish study and half that of a traditional cohort study. Among FF users who conceived, >97% reported their LMP on the PRESTO questionnaire within 1 day of the LMP recorded via FF. Use of the Internet as a method of recruitment and follow-up in a North American preconception cohort study was feasible and cost-effective.

Environmental Health Perspectives, 2003

Although there has been growing concern about the effects of environmental exposures on human fer... more Although there has been growing concern about the effects of environmental exposures on human fertility, standard epidemiologic study designs may not collect sufficient data to identify subtle effects while properly adjusting for confounding. In particular, results from conventional time to pregnancy studies can be driven by the many sources of bias inherent in these studies. By prospectively collecting detailed records of menstrual bleeding, occurrences of intercourse, and a marker of ovulation day in each menstrual cycle, precise information on exposure effects can be obtained, adjusting for many of the primary sources of bias. This article provides an overview of the different types of study designs, focusing on the data required, the practical advantages and disadvantages of each design, and the statistical methods required to take full advantage of the available data. We conclude that detailed prospective studies allowing inferences on day-specific probabilities of conception should be considered as the gold standard for studying the effects of environmental exposures on fertility.

Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2003

ObjectiveTo assess the day-specific and cycle-specific probabilities of conception leading to cli... more ObjectiveTo assess the day-specific and cycle-specific probabilities of conception leading to clinical pregnancy, in relation to the timing of intercourse and vulvar mucus observations.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England), Jan 16, 2015

Are prospectively assessed dietary factors, including overall diet quality, macronutrients and mi... more Are prospectively assessed dietary factors, including overall diet quality, macronutrients and micronutrients, associated with luteal phase deficiency (LPD) in healthy reproductive aged women with regular menstrual cycles? Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), fiber and isoflavone intake were positively associated with LPD while selenium was negatively associated with LPD after adjusting for age, percentage body fat and total energy intake. LPD may increase the risk of infertility and early miscarriage. Prior research has shown positive associations between LPD and low energy availability, either through high dietary restraint alone or in conjunction with high energy expenditure via exercise, but few studies with adequate sample sizes have been conducted investigating dietary factors and LPD among healthy, eumenorrheic women. The BioCycle Study (2005-2007) prospectively enrolled 259 women from Western New York state, USA, and followed them for one (n = 9) or two (n = 250) menstrual cycles...

Journal of analytical toxicology, Jan 25, 2015

Measurement of human exposure to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol-A (BPA) is hampered by the ubi... more Measurement of human exposure to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol-A (BPA) is hampered by the ubiquitous but transient exposure for most individuals, coupled with a short metabolic half-life which leads to high inter- and intra-individual variability. We investigated the possibility of measuring multiday exposure to BPA in human sweat among volunteer participants with the goal of identifying an exposure assessment method less affected by temporal variability. We recruited 50 participants to wear a sweat collection patch (PharmChek(®)) for 7 days with concurrent collection of daily first-morning urine. Urines and sweat patch extracts were analyzed with quantitative LC-MS-MS using a method we previously validated. In addition, a human volunteer consumed one can of commercially available soup (16 oz, 473 cm(3)) daily for 3 days and collected urine. Sweat patches (n = 2, 1 per arm) were worn for the 3 days of the study. BPA was detected in quality control specimens prepared by fortifica...

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2015

To determine the effect of preconception-initiated daily low-dose aspirin (LDA; 81 mg/day) treatm... more To determine the effect of preconception-initiated daily low-dose aspirin (LDA; 81 mg/day) treatment on time to pregnancy in women with a history of pregnancy loss.

Journal of occupational and environmental medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan 3, 2015

To describe demographic and health characteristics, and factors associated with obesity among pro... more To describe demographic and health characteristics, and factors associated with obesity among production workers. This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data from two occupational cohorts. Regression modeling was used to assess associations between worker characteristics and obesity. A total of 1974 subjects were included in these analyses. The mean body mass index was 29.5 kg/m (SD = 6.5). Having smoked in the past and currently smoking decreased the odds of being obese in the WISTAH Distal Upper Extremity cohort, whereas those feeling depressed had increased odds of being obese. Being a Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian and married increased the odds of obesity in the BackWorks Low Back Pain cohort. Factors associated with obesity differed substantially between the two cohorts. Recognizing factors associated with obesity in specific work settings may provide opportunities for optimizing preventive workplace interventions.

Despite the efforts of health educators to increase consumers' knowledge and preventive food ... more Despite the efforts of health educators to increase consumers' knowledge and preventive food handling skills, listeriosis cases continue to be reported. One population that has a higher risk of contracting listeriosis is women of child bearing years. The Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) client population consists mainly of women of child bearing years; therefore, efforts to develop effective listeriosis educational materials for the EFNEP program may reduce the incidence of listeriosis within this high risk population. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the impact of a community developed listeriosis photo-novella with the existing (or current) EFNEP lesson. Two-hundred-forty-seven (N=247) EFNEP clients were given a community developed listeriosis photo-novella. Participants were evaluated pre-intervention, immediate post-intervention and at four weeks post-intervention. The three repeat measures were analyzed using multi-level panel regres...

OBJETIVOS : Avaliar a possibilidade de efeitos depois da fertilização nos contraceptivos de emerg... more OBJETIVOS : Avaliar a possibilidade de efeitos depois da fertilização nos contraceptivos de emergência (CE) mais usados nos Estados Unidos e explorar o impacto ético desta possibilidade.

OBJETIVOS : Evaluar la posibilidad de efectos después de la fertilización en los contraceptivos d... more OBJETIVOS : Evaluar la posibilidad de efectos después de la fertilización en los contraceptivos de emergencia (CE) más usados en los Estados Unidos y explorar el impacto ético de esta posibilidad. (1966-noviembre 2001) para identificar todos los artículos pertinentes en el idioma inglés. Se hizo una revisión mayor de la sección de referencias para identificar artículos adicionales relacionados. Los términos buscados incluyen: contracepción de emergencia, contracepción postcoital, efectos después de la fertilización, Régimen de Yuzpe, levonorgestrel, Plan B.

OBJECTIF : Évaluer la possibilité d'un effet post-fécondation lié aux moyens de contraception d'u... more OBJECTIF : Évaluer la possibilité d'un effet post-fécondation lié aux moyens de contraception d'urgence hormonale les plus répandus aux États-Unis et étudier l'impact éthique de cette possibilité.

Fertility and Sterility, 2014

Maternal and child health journal, 2000

The classification scheme used by the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) is a well-establish... more The classification scheme used by the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) is a well-established system for defining the intendedness of pregnancy, but its clinical relevance is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to explore how women conceptualize the intention status of their pregnancies and how their concepts relate to the classification scheme used by the NSFG. This qualitative study used in-depth, semistructured, open-ended interviews with 27 pregnant women seeking prenatal care or abortion. Sampling was based on ethnicity (Caucasian or Hispanic), education, religiosity, and NSFG intention status (intended, mistimed, or unwanted). Five qualitative dimensions of pregnancy intendedness emerged: preconception desire for pregnancy, steps taken to prepare for pregnancy, fertility behavior and expectations, postconception desire for pregnancy, and adaptation to pregnancy and baby. The relationship of these qualitative dimensions to the NSFG categories was varied and complex, ...

Journal of The American Board of Family Medicine, 2009

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 2008

Objectives: We evaluated outcomes in couples treated for infertility with natural procreative tec... more Objectives: We evaluated outcomes in couples treated for infertility with natural procreative technology (NaProTechnology, NPT), a systematic medical approach for optimizing physiologic conditions for conception in vivo, from an Irish general practice.

To evaluate pregnancy probabilities during use of the Creighton Model Fertility Care System (CrMS... more To evaluate pregnancy probabilities during use of the Creighton Model Fertility Care System (CrMS). Couples who began use of the CrMS were entered into this observational cohort study. Follow-up included detailed reviews of use of the CrMS. Pregnancy probabilities were calculated with both net and gross life-table analysis through 18 months. A natural family planning service delivery program based at an urban hospital in Houston, Tex. A group of 701 couples who received instruction in the CrMS were entered into the study. Most couples (93%) were engaged or married. Most women were white (83%), between the ages of 20 and 34 years (88%), and college graduates (58%). Pregnancies were classified based on a detailed evaluation involving the pregnant woman (usually with her partner). At 12 months, the following net pregnancy probabilities were found per 100 couples: method-related pregnancies, 0.14; pregnancies caused by user and/or teacher error, 2.72; pregnancies caused by achieving-related behavior (genital contact during a time known to be fertile), 12.84; unresolved pregnancies, 1.43; and total pregnancies, 17.12. Pregnancy probabilities were similar when stratified by the following reproductive categories: uncomplicated regular cycles, long cycles, discontinuing oral contraceptives, breastfeeding, and other. Pregnancy probabilities of the CrMS compare favorably with those of other methods of family planning. Most pregnancies result from genital contact during a known fertile time. Women need not have regular cycles to use the CrMS successfully.

Time to pregnancy, typically defined as the number of menstrual cycles required to achieve a clin... more Time to pregnancy, typically defined as the number of menstrual cycles required to achieve a clinical pregnancy, is widely used as a measure of couple fecundity in epidemiologic studies. Time to pregnancy studies seldom utilize detailed data on the timing and frequency of sexual intercourse and the timing of ovulation. However, the simulated models in this paper illustrate that intercourse

he primary mechanism of oral contraceptives is to inhibit ovulation, but this mecha- nism is not ... more he primary mechanism of oral contraceptives is to inhibit ovulation, but this mecha- nism is not always operative. When breakthrough ovulation occurs, then secondary mechanisms operate to prevent clinically recognized pregnancy. These secondary mecha- nisms may occur either before or after fertilization. Postfertilization effects would be problematic for some patients, who may desire information about this possibility. This article evalu-

Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2015

We launched the Boston University Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO) to assess the feasibility of ca... more We launched the Boston University Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO) to assess the feasibility of carrying out an Internet-based preconception cohort study in the US and Canada. We recruited female participants age 21-45 and their male partners through Internet advertisements, word of mouth, and flyers. Female participants were randomised with 50% probability to receive a subscription to FertilityFriend.com (FF), a web-based programme that collects real-time data on menstrual characteristics. We compared recruitment methods within PRESTO, assessed the cost-efficiency of PRESTO relative to its Danish counterpart (Snart-Gravid), and validated retrospectively reported date of last menstrual period (LMP) against the FF data. After 99 weeks of recruitment (2013-15), 2421 women enrolled; 1384 (57%) invited their male partners to participate, of whom 693 (50%) enrolled. Baseline characteristics were balanced across randomisation groups. Cohort retention was similar among those randomised vs. not randomised to FF (84% vs. 81%). At study enrolment, 56%, 22%, and 22% couples had been trying to conceive for <3, 3-5, and ≥6 months, respectively. The cost per subject enrolled was 146(2013US146 (2013 US146(2013US), which was similar to our companion Danish study and half that of a traditional cohort study. Among FF users who conceived, >97% reported their LMP on the PRESTO questionnaire within 1 day of the LMP recorded via FF. Use of the Internet as a method of recruitment and follow-up in a North American preconception cohort study was feasible and cost-effective.

Environmental Health Perspectives, 2003

Although there has been growing concern about the effects of environmental exposures on human fer... more Although there has been growing concern about the effects of environmental exposures on human fertility, standard epidemiologic study designs may not collect sufficient data to identify subtle effects while properly adjusting for confounding. In particular, results from conventional time to pregnancy studies can be driven by the many sources of bias inherent in these studies. By prospectively collecting detailed records of menstrual bleeding, occurrences of intercourse, and a marker of ovulation day in each menstrual cycle, precise information on exposure effects can be obtained, adjusting for many of the primary sources of bias. This article provides an overview of the different types of study designs, focusing on the data required, the practical advantages and disadvantages of each design, and the statistical methods required to take full advantage of the available data. We conclude that detailed prospective studies allowing inferences on day-specific probabilities of conception should be considered as the gold standard for studying the effects of environmental exposures on fertility.

Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2003

ObjectiveTo assess the day-specific and cycle-specific probabilities of conception leading to cli... more ObjectiveTo assess the day-specific and cycle-specific probabilities of conception leading to clinical pregnancy, in relation to the timing of intercourse and vulvar mucus observations.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England), Jan 16, 2015

Are prospectively assessed dietary factors, including overall diet quality, macronutrients and mi... more Are prospectively assessed dietary factors, including overall diet quality, macronutrients and micronutrients, associated with luteal phase deficiency (LPD) in healthy reproductive aged women with regular menstrual cycles? Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), fiber and isoflavone intake were positively associated with LPD while selenium was negatively associated with LPD after adjusting for age, percentage body fat and total energy intake. LPD may increase the risk of infertility and early miscarriage. Prior research has shown positive associations between LPD and low energy availability, either through high dietary restraint alone or in conjunction with high energy expenditure via exercise, but few studies with adequate sample sizes have been conducted investigating dietary factors and LPD among healthy, eumenorrheic women. The BioCycle Study (2005-2007) prospectively enrolled 259 women from Western New York state, USA, and followed them for one (n = 9) or two (n = 250) menstrual cycles...

Journal of analytical toxicology, Jan 25, 2015

Measurement of human exposure to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol-A (BPA) is hampered by the ubi... more Measurement of human exposure to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol-A (BPA) is hampered by the ubiquitous but transient exposure for most individuals, coupled with a short metabolic half-life which leads to high inter- and intra-individual variability. We investigated the possibility of measuring multiday exposure to BPA in human sweat among volunteer participants with the goal of identifying an exposure assessment method less affected by temporal variability. We recruited 50 participants to wear a sweat collection patch (PharmChek(®)) for 7 days with concurrent collection of daily first-morning urine. Urines and sweat patch extracts were analyzed with quantitative LC-MS-MS using a method we previously validated. In addition, a human volunteer consumed one can of commercially available soup (16 oz, 473 cm(3)) daily for 3 days and collected urine. Sweat patches (n = 2, 1 per arm) were worn for the 3 days of the study. BPA was detected in quality control specimens prepared by fortifica...

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2015

To determine the effect of preconception-initiated daily low-dose aspirin (LDA; 81 mg/day) treatm... more To determine the effect of preconception-initiated daily low-dose aspirin (LDA; 81 mg/day) treatment on time to pregnancy in women with a history of pregnancy loss.

Journal of occupational and environmental medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan 3, 2015

To describe demographic and health characteristics, and factors associated with obesity among pro... more To describe demographic and health characteristics, and factors associated with obesity among production workers. This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data from two occupational cohorts. Regression modeling was used to assess associations between worker characteristics and obesity. A total of 1974 subjects were included in these analyses. The mean body mass index was 29.5 kg/m (SD = 6.5). Having smoked in the past and currently smoking decreased the odds of being obese in the WISTAH Distal Upper Extremity cohort, whereas those feeling depressed had increased odds of being obese. Being a Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian and married increased the odds of obesity in the BackWorks Low Back Pain cohort. Factors associated with obesity differed substantially between the two cohorts. Recognizing factors associated with obesity in specific work settings may provide opportunities for optimizing preventive workplace interventions.

Despite the efforts of health educators to increase consumers' knowledge and preventive food ... more Despite the efforts of health educators to increase consumers' knowledge and preventive food handling skills, listeriosis cases continue to be reported. One population that has a higher risk of contracting listeriosis is women of child bearing years. The Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) client population consists mainly of women of child bearing years; therefore, efforts to develop effective listeriosis educational materials for the EFNEP program may reduce the incidence of listeriosis within this high risk population. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the impact of a community developed listeriosis photo-novella with the existing (or current) EFNEP lesson. Two-hundred-forty-seven (N=247) EFNEP clients were given a community developed listeriosis photo-novella. Participants were evaluated pre-intervention, immediate post-intervention and at four weeks post-intervention. The three repeat measures were analyzed using multi-level panel regres...