Foo Wah Low | Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (original) (raw)
Papers by Foo Wah Low
IOP conference series, Dec 1, 2021
The demands on conventional fossil fuels are increasing especially developing countries. The grow... more The demands on conventional fossil fuels are increasing especially developing countries. The growth of population among countries also put a lot of pressure on coil consumption and resulted effect of greenhouse. These phenomena will dramatically increase the global warming and pollutes the nature of earth. For the worse, it would forming some erratic patterns like flood, draughts, wildfire, and so on. Therefore, renewable solar energy is the key target to reduce the fossil fuel consumption, minimize global warming issues, and involuntary minimizes the erratic weather patterns. Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSCs) is one of the promising prospects for efficient renewable resources. Most of the researchers were tried to use platinum as counter electrode to perform the photovoltaic studies. However, the platinum material will made higher for the entire fabrication cost. Recently, we demonstrated a counter electrode in DSSCs system using the low-cost titanium dioxide (TiO2) decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite film. The TiO2-rGO nanocomposite (TiO2-rGO NC) as counter electrode is addressed to minimize electron losses and hence rapid the rate of dye regeneration at ground state. Practically, TiO2-rGO NC synthesized via one-step hydrothermal method. The crystallinity, functional groups, element composition, and morphology of TiO2-rGO NC were comprehensively studied. One-step hydrothermal method revealed that Ti particles (∼60 nm) have capable bonded with rGO thin film, as agreement with XRD and FTIR results. In DSSCs photovoltaic performance, the optimized power conversion energy (PCE) of TiO2-rGO NC as counter electrode achieved a 2.90%, which achieved a desire performance as comparable with rGO and TiO2. In this work, the low-cost TiO2-rGO NC as counter electrode with suppressed recombination in DSSCs is studied.
Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites
Up to present, no study has reported on the use of silicon carbide nanomaterials (SiCNMs) as susc... more Up to present, no study has reported on the use of silicon carbide nanomaterials (SiCNMs) as susceptor for microwave welding of thermoplastics. Therefore, in this study, silicon carbide nanowhiskers (SiCNWs) was attempted as the microwave susceptor for the microwave welding of polypropylene (PP). It was observed that SiCNWs are capable of absorbing microwave and converting them into heat, leading to a sharp increase in temperature until it reaches the melting point of PP substrates. The microwave welded joint is formed after the molten PP at the interface between PP substrates is cooled under pressure. The effect of microwave heating duration and solid loading of SiCNWs suspension was studied and reported. The formation mechanism of SiCNWs reinforced PP welded joint was proposed in this study. With these remarkable advantages of microwave welding and enhanced mechanical properties of the welded joint, it is believed that this study can provide a new insight into welding of thermopla...
Crystals
The reaction-time-dependent synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) was carried out using a modified Hum... more The reaction-time-dependent synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) was carried out using a modified Hummer’s method. The drop-casting method was used to coat GO films on a glass substrate. Various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and current–voltage characteristics, were performed to obtain the morphological, structural, optical, and electrical properties of GO. Morphological structural observations revealed that more oxygen functional groups were present as the reaction time increased from 24 to 96 h, which was confirmed by the optical properties of GO thin films. The resistivity of the as-deposited films increased from 9.74 × 106 to 26.85 × 106 Ω·cm as the reaction time increased. The optimized reaction time with a resistivity of 12.13 × 106 Ω·cm was 48 h, as demonstrated by morphological and optical data.
Chinese Journal of Polymer Science
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
The demands on conventional fossil fuels are increasing especially developing countries. The grow... more The demands on conventional fossil fuels are increasing especially developing countries. The growth of population among countries also put a lot of pressure on coil consumption and resulted effect of greenhouse. These phenomena will dramatically increase the global warming and pollutes the nature of earth. For the worse, it would forming some erratic patterns like flood, draughts, wildfire, and so on. Therefore, renewable solar energy is the key target to reduce the fossil fuel consumption, minimize global warming issues, and involuntary minimizes the erratic weather patterns. Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSCs) is one of the promising prospects for efficient renewable resources. Most of the researchers were tried to use platinum as counter electrode to perform the photovoltaic studies. However, the platinum material will made higher for the entire fabrication cost. Recently, we demonstrated a counter electrode in DSSCs system using the low-cost titanium dioxide (TiO2) decorated reduc...
Molecules, 2020
Renewable solar energy is the key target to reduce fossil fuel consumption, minimize global warmi... more Renewable solar energy is the key target to reduce fossil fuel consumption, minimize global warming issues, and indirectly minimizes erratic weather patterns. Herein, the authors synthesized an ultrathin reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheet with ~47 nm via an improved Hummer’s method. The TiO2 was deposited by RF sputtering onto an rGO nanosheet with a variation of temperature to enhance the photogenerated electron or charge carrier mobility transport for the photoanode component. The morphology, topologies, element composition, crystallinity as well as dye-sensitized solar cells’ (DSSCs) performance were determined accordingly. Based on the results, FTIR spectra revealed presence of Ti-O-C bonds in every rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite samples at 800 cm–1. Besides, XRD revealed that a broad peak of anatase TiO2 was detected at ~25.4° after incorporation with the rGO. Furthermore, it was discovered that sputtering temperature of 120 °C created a desired power conversion energy (PCE) of 7.2...
The demand for fossil fuel consumption is continuously increasing due to the growth of the world’... more The demand for fossil fuel consumption is continuously increasing due to the growth of the world’s population. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emission from conventional energy sources eventually will amplify the Earth’s natural “greenhouse” effect and hence will result in global warming. Therefore, to reduce the risk of climate change, photovoltaic solar cell (PV) devices have been developed. Surprisingly, PV system has capability to conduct useful electricity from natural sunlight source, which provides clean, sustainable, and renewable energy instead of combusted conventional fossil fuel sources. Nowadays, both dye-sensitized cells (DSSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were investigated more intensively than the first- and second-generation solar cell systems due to their flexibility, transparency, and lighter weight materials. In fact, photoanode elements played an essential role in determining the strength of light-harvesting absorption and generating excited electron charge carri...
Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2021
International Journal of Energy Research, 2021
RSC Advances, 2020
rGO of QD-rGO nanocomposite could absorb and convert into heat when harvested under NIR radiation... more rGO of QD-rGO nanocomposite could absorb and convert into heat when harvested under NIR radiation, resulting cell death with reduction of fluorescence.
Energies, 2020
Electricity demand is increasing, as a result of increasing consumers in the electricity market. ... more Electricity demand is increasing, as a result of increasing consumers in the electricity market. By growing smart technologies such as smart grid and smart energy management systems, customers were given a chance to actively participate in demand response programs (DRPs), and reduce their electricity bills as a result. This study overviews the DRPs and their practices, along with home energy management systems (HEMS) and load management techniques. The paper provides brief literature on HEMS technologies and challenges. The paper is organized in a way to provide some technical information about DRPs and HEMS to help the reader understand different concepts about the smart grid, and be able to compare the essential concerns about the smart grid. The article includes a brief discussion about DRPs and their importance for the future of energy management systems. It is followed by brief literature about smart grids and HEMS, and a home energy management system strategy is also discussed...
Energies, 2020
With the growth in smart technology, customers have a chance to contribute to demand response pro... more With the growth in smart technology, customers have a chance to contribute to demand response programs and reduce their bills of electricity actively. This paper presents an intelligent wireless smart plug demonstration, which is designed to control the electrical appliances in the home energy management system (HEMS) application with a response to the utility company’s signal. Besides, a linear model of an energy management system utilizing a dynamic priority for electrical appliances is used as an energy management strategy. This can be useful for decreasing energy consumption in peak hours. Proposed hardware is tested with two different price strategies such as real-time pricing and a combination of this and incremental block rate (IBR) pricing. A small one-story house with ordinary electrical appliances is used as a test-bed for the proposed hardware and strategy. Initial results show that intelligent plugs can decrease the energy cost by 9% per day with an effective peak-to-ave...
Materials, 2020
In this present work, we report the deposition of cadmium selenide (CdSe) particles on titanium d... more In this present work, we report the deposition of cadmium selenide (CdSe) particles on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube thin films, using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method at low deposition temperatures ranging from 20 to 60 °C. The deposition temperature had an influence on the overall CdSe–TiO2 nanotube thin film morphologies, chemical composition, phase transition, and optical properties, which, in turn, influenced the photoelectrochemical performance of the samples that were investigated. All samples showed the presence of CdSe particles in the TiO2 nanotube thin film lattice structures with the cubic phase CdSe compound. The amount of CdSe loading on the TiO2 nanotube thin films were increased and tended to form agglomerates as a function of deposition temperature. Interestingly, a significant enhancement in photocurrent density was observed for the CdSe–TiO2 nanotube thin films deposited at 20 °C with a photocurrent density of 1.70 mA cm−2, which was 17% higher than th...
Journal of Electronic Materials, 2019
International Journal of Nanotechnology, 2018
IOP conference series, Dec 1, 2021
The demands on conventional fossil fuels are increasing especially developing countries. The grow... more The demands on conventional fossil fuels are increasing especially developing countries. The growth of population among countries also put a lot of pressure on coil consumption and resulted effect of greenhouse. These phenomena will dramatically increase the global warming and pollutes the nature of earth. For the worse, it would forming some erratic patterns like flood, draughts, wildfire, and so on. Therefore, renewable solar energy is the key target to reduce the fossil fuel consumption, minimize global warming issues, and involuntary minimizes the erratic weather patterns. Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSCs) is one of the promising prospects for efficient renewable resources. Most of the researchers were tried to use platinum as counter electrode to perform the photovoltaic studies. However, the platinum material will made higher for the entire fabrication cost. Recently, we demonstrated a counter electrode in DSSCs system using the low-cost titanium dioxide (TiO2) decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite film. The TiO2-rGO nanocomposite (TiO2-rGO NC) as counter electrode is addressed to minimize electron losses and hence rapid the rate of dye regeneration at ground state. Practically, TiO2-rGO NC synthesized via one-step hydrothermal method. The crystallinity, functional groups, element composition, and morphology of TiO2-rGO NC were comprehensively studied. One-step hydrothermal method revealed that Ti particles (∼60 nm) have capable bonded with rGO thin film, as agreement with XRD and FTIR results. In DSSCs photovoltaic performance, the optimized power conversion energy (PCE) of TiO2-rGO NC as counter electrode achieved a 2.90%, which achieved a desire performance as comparable with rGO and TiO2. In this work, the low-cost TiO2-rGO NC as counter electrode with suppressed recombination in DSSCs is studied.
Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites
Up to present, no study has reported on the use of silicon carbide nanomaterials (SiCNMs) as susc... more Up to present, no study has reported on the use of silicon carbide nanomaterials (SiCNMs) as susceptor for microwave welding of thermoplastics. Therefore, in this study, silicon carbide nanowhiskers (SiCNWs) was attempted as the microwave susceptor for the microwave welding of polypropylene (PP). It was observed that SiCNWs are capable of absorbing microwave and converting them into heat, leading to a sharp increase in temperature until it reaches the melting point of PP substrates. The microwave welded joint is formed after the molten PP at the interface between PP substrates is cooled under pressure. The effect of microwave heating duration and solid loading of SiCNWs suspension was studied and reported. The formation mechanism of SiCNWs reinforced PP welded joint was proposed in this study. With these remarkable advantages of microwave welding and enhanced mechanical properties of the welded joint, it is believed that this study can provide a new insight into welding of thermopla...
Crystals
The reaction-time-dependent synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) was carried out using a modified Hum... more The reaction-time-dependent synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) was carried out using a modified Hummer’s method. The drop-casting method was used to coat GO films on a glass substrate. Various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and current–voltage characteristics, were performed to obtain the morphological, structural, optical, and electrical properties of GO. Morphological structural observations revealed that more oxygen functional groups were present as the reaction time increased from 24 to 96 h, which was confirmed by the optical properties of GO thin films. The resistivity of the as-deposited films increased from 9.74 × 106 to 26.85 × 106 Ω·cm as the reaction time increased. The optimized reaction time with a resistivity of 12.13 × 106 Ω·cm was 48 h, as demonstrated by morphological and optical data.
Chinese Journal of Polymer Science
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
The demands on conventional fossil fuels are increasing especially developing countries. The grow... more The demands on conventional fossil fuels are increasing especially developing countries. The growth of population among countries also put a lot of pressure on coil consumption and resulted effect of greenhouse. These phenomena will dramatically increase the global warming and pollutes the nature of earth. For the worse, it would forming some erratic patterns like flood, draughts, wildfire, and so on. Therefore, renewable solar energy is the key target to reduce the fossil fuel consumption, minimize global warming issues, and involuntary minimizes the erratic weather patterns. Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSCs) is one of the promising prospects for efficient renewable resources. Most of the researchers were tried to use platinum as counter electrode to perform the photovoltaic studies. However, the platinum material will made higher for the entire fabrication cost. Recently, we demonstrated a counter electrode in DSSCs system using the low-cost titanium dioxide (TiO2) decorated reduc...
Molecules, 2020
Renewable solar energy is the key target to reduce fossil fuel consumption, minimize global warmi... more Renewable solar energy is the key target to reduce fossil fuel consumption, minimize global warming issues, and indirectly minimizes erratic weather patterns. Herein, the authors synthesized an ultrathin reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheet with ~47 nm via an improved Hummer’s method. The TiO2 was deposited by RF sputtering onto an rGO nanosheet with a variation of temperature to enhance the photogenerated electron or charge carrier mobility transport for the photoanode component. The morphology, topologies, element composition, crystallinity as well as dye-sensitized solar cells’ (DSSCs) performance were determined accordingly. Based on the results, FTIR spectra revealed presence of Ti-O-C bonds in every rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite samples at 800 cm–1. Besides, XRD revealed that a broad peak of anatase TiO2 was detected at ~25.4° after incorporation with the rGO. Furthermore, it was discovered that sputtering temperature of 120 °C created a desired power conversion energy (PCE) of 7.2...
The demand for fossil fuel consumption is continuously increasing due to the growth of the world’... more The demand for fossil fuel consumption is continuously increasing due to the growth of the world’s population. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emission from conventional energy sources eventually will amplify the Earth’s natural “greenhouse” effect and hence will result in global warming. Therefore, to reduce the risk of climate change, photovoltaic solar cell (PV) devices have been developed. Surprisingly, PV system has capability to conduct useful electricity from natural sunlight source, which provides clean, sustainable, and renewable energy instead of combusted conventional fossil fuel sources. Nowadays, both dye-sensitized cells (DSSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were investigated more intensively than the first- and second-generation solar cell systems due to their flexibility, transparency, and lighter weight materials. In fact, photoanode elements played an essential role in determining the strength of light-harvesting absorption and generating excited electron charge carri...
Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2021
International Journal of Energy Research, 2021
RSC Advances, 2020
rGO of QD-rGO nanocomposite could absorb and convert into heat when harvested under NIR radiation... more rGO of QD-rGO nanocomposite could absorb and convert into heat when harvested under NIR radiation, resulting cell death with reduction of fluorescence.
Energies, 2020
Electricity demand is increasing, as a result of increasing consumers in the electricity market. ... more Electricity demand is increasing, as a result of increasing consumers in the electricity market. By growing smart technologies such as smart grid and smart energy management systems, customers were given a chance to actively participate in demand response programs (DRPs), and reduce their electricity bills as a result. This study overviews the DRPs and their practices, along with home energy management systems (HEMS) and load management techniques. The paper provides brief literature on HEMS technologies and challenges. The paper is organized in a way to provide some technical information about DRPs and HEMS to help the reader understand different concepts about the smart grid, and be able to compare the essential concerns about the smart grid. The article includes a brief discussion about DRPs and their importance for the future of energy management systems. It is followed by brief literature about smart grids and HEMS, and a home energy management system strategy is also discussed...
Energies, 2020
With the growth in smart technology, customers have a chance to contribute to demand response pro... more With the growth in smart technology, customers have a chance to contribute to demand response programs and reduce their bills of electricity actively. This paper presents an intelligent wireless smart plug demonstration, which is designed to control the electrical appliances in the home energy management system (HEMS) application with a response to the utility company’s signal. Besides, a linear model of an energy management system utilizing a dynamic priority for electrical appliances is used as an energy management strategy. This can be useful for decreasing energy consumption in peak hours. Proposed hardware is tested with two different price strategies such as real-time pricing and a combination of this and incremental block rate (IBR) pricing. A small one-story house with ordinary electrical appliances is used as a test-bed for the proposed hardware and strategy. Initial results show that intelligent plugs can decrease the energy cost by 9% per day with an effective peak-to-ave...
Materials, 2020
In this present work, we report the deposition of cadmium selenide (CdSe) particles on titanium d... more In this present work, we report the deposition of cadmium selenide (CdSe) particles on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube thin films, using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method at low deposition temperatures ranging from 20 to 60 °C. The deposition temperature had an influence on the overall CdSe–TiO2 nanotube thin film morphologies, chemical composition, phase transition, and optical properties, which, in turn, influenced the photoelectrochemical performance of the samples that were investigated. All samples showed the presence of CdSe particles in the TiO2 nanotube thin film lattice structures with the cubic phase CdSe compound. The amount of CdSe loading on the TiO2 nanotube thin films were increased and tended to form agglomerates as a function of deposition temperature. Interestingly, a significant enhancement in photocurrent density was observed for the CdSe–TiO2 nanotube thin films deposited at 20 °C with a photocurrent density of 1.70 mA cm−2, which was 17% higher than th...
Journal of Electronic Materials, 2019
International Journal of Nanotechnology, 2018
Energies, 2020
Electricity demand is increasing, as a result of increasing consumers in the electricity market. ... more Electricity demand is increasing, as a result of increasing consumers in the electricity market. By growing smart technologies such as smart grid and smart energy management systems, customers were given a chance to actively participate in demand response programs (DRPs), and reduce their electricity bills as a result. This study overviews the DRPs and their practices, along with home energy management systems (HEMS) and load management techniques. The paper provides brief literature on HEMS technologies and challenges. The paper is organized in a way to provide some technical information about DRPs and HEMS to help the reader understand different concepts about the smart grid, and be able to compare the essential concerns about the smart grid. The article includes a brief discussion about DRPs and their importance for the future of energy management systems. It is followed by brief literature about smart grids and HEMS, and a home energy management system strategy is also discussed in detail. The literature shows that storage devices have a huge impact on the efficiency and performance of energy management system strategies.
Sustainable Materials for Next Generation Energy Devices, 2020
Recent studies have indicated that nanostructured graphene material as promising sustainable func... more Recent studies have indicated that nanostructured graphene material as promising sustainable functional material that could enhance the efficiency of every generation of photovoltaic cells technologies. In fact, monolayer structure which comprises of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms dedicated an extraordinarily high electron charge carrier mobilities to the related photovoltaic cell applications, especially organic aspect devices. Notably, graphene-based metal oxide materials would facilitate photon absorption and minimize the recombination centres due to its narrowing band gap energy. In this chapter, different synthesis strategies of graphene and its derivatives based photovoltaic applications are briefly explored.
Springer Nature, 2020
The demand for fossil fuel consumption is continuously increasing due to the growth of the world’... more The demand for fossil fuel consumption is continuously increasing due to the growth of the world’s population. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emission from conventional energy sources eventually will amplify the Earth’s natural “green-house” effect and hence will result in global warming. Therefore, to reduce the risk of climate change, photovoltaic solar cell (PV) devices have been developed. Surprisingly, PV system has capability to conduct useful electricity from natural sunlight source, which provides clean, sustainable, and renewable energy instead of
combusted conventional fossil fuel sources. Nowadays, both dye-sensitized cells (DSSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were investigated more intensively than the first- and second-generation solar cell systems due to their flexibility, transparency, and lighter weight materials. In fact, photoanode elements played an essential role in determining the strength of light-harvesting absorption and generating excited electron charge carriers’ mobility between dye/perovskite and respective transparent conductive oxide (TCO) glasses. Apart from that, binary/ternary transition metal oxide material selection (TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, MgO, WO3, etc.) of photoanode in DSSCs and PSCs is also a crucial factor for photogenerated electrons. However, still metal oxide materials have some drawbacks such as high recombination rate which resulted in losses of overall photoenergy conversion efficiency (PCE) performance. In fact, the PCE of existing either DSSC or PSC devices still have rooms to improve compared to first- and second-generation solar cells. This chapter briefly discussed the operational principle, material selection, key problems, and also the insight to commercialization of organic PV devices.