María Noriega | Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador (original) (raw)

Papers by María Noriega

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of socioeconomic factors on fitness and fatness in Spanish adolescents: The AVENA study

International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 2010

Objective. This study was to examine the infl uence of socioeconomic status on fi tness and fatne... more Objective. This study was to examine the infl uence of socioeconomic status on fi tness and fatness in Spanish adolescents. Subjects and Methods. A total of 1 795 adolescents (833 boys) aged 12.5-18.5 years from the AVENA study participated in this study. The following physical fi tness components were assessed: muscular strength (standing long jump), speedagility (4 ϫ 10 m shuttle run) and cardiorespiratory fi tness (20 m shuttle run). Total and central body fat was assessed using skinfold thickness and waist circumference, respectively. Both parents reported their educational and professional level. Results. Girls with higher paternal educational level and boys with higher either maternal or paternal professional level had higher muscular strength levels (all P Ͻ 0.05). Speed-agility and cardiorespiratory fi tness were not associated with parental educational or professional levels in boys. In contrast, girls with higher paternal educational level or higher parental professional level had higher levels in both fi tness components (all P Ͻ 0.05). A higher maternal educational level was associated with lower total and central body fat in boys (all P Ͻ 0.05), but not in girls. We observed a small effect size (Cohen´s d ∼ 0.2) in most of these associations. Conclusions. Our results suggest modest associations of high socioeconomic status with better fi tness and fatness levels in Spanish adolescents. These associations greatly depend on the socioeconomic status and fi tness parameters studied.

Research paper thumbnail of EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A NEW DISPERSIVE MIXER

New dispersive mixing technology for extruders and mixing devices (1, 2) is based on creating str... more New dispersive mixing technology for extruders and mixing devices (1, 2) is based on creating strong elongational flow to achieve efficient dispersive mixing. These mixers are designed so that all fluid elements pass through the high stress regions several times. One version of the new mixer, CRD-4, was tested on a modular 45 mm extruder using a dryblend of polyethylene and polystyrene. The CRD-4 mixer was tested against a Leroy/Maddock mixer and a Maillefer mixer.

Research paper thumbnail of POLYMER EXTRUSION DIES MODELLING AND DESIGN USING GID AND MCAD SYSTEMS

SUMMARY: The advances obtained until the moment with the computer aided tool development for the ... more SUMMARY: The advances obtained until the moment with the computer aided tool development for the three-dimensional modelling and design of polymer extrusion flat dies are in this work. Using a commercial Mechanical Computer Aided Design MCAD system (Solidworks) was developed a module based in models in the literature published and SolidDies 1.0 called. The import and mesh within GID software was explored, with the purpose of solving the equations of energy and momentum coupled in a second phase using meshless numerical methods and radial functional basis or conventional numerical methods. The interchange of data between Solidworks® and GID®, the traditional mesh obtained and the exploration of the GID as pre and postprocessor to reach the final objective is presented here.

Research paper thumbnail of Cytogenetic, FISH, and molecular studies in a case of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with karyotypic evolution

European Journal of Haematology, 2002

Abstract: We report the clinical, cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and mol... more Abstract: We report the clinical, cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular findings in a 54-yr-old male patient diagnosed with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), who showed progression to a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (Richter's syndrome). Genetic studies were performed at diagnosis and during the Richter's transformation (RT). A clonal karyotype with two dicentric chromosomes, psu dic(12,21)(q24;q10) and dic(17,18)(p11.2;p11.2), was found. Both rearrangements were confirmed by FISH. Molecular cytogenetics analysis using p53 probe showed monoallelic loss of this tumor suppressor gene in 43.8% and 77.3% of cells for the first and the second studies, respectively). In both studies, deletions of D13S319 (18% and 12% of cells) and D13S25 loci (13% and 12% of cells) at 13q14 were found. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the MBR/JH rearrangement of the bcl-2 gene. FISH studies using LSI bcl-2/IgH probe allowed quantifying the clonal cell population with this rearrangement (4% and 6.6% of cells at diagnosis and RT, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first case with a psu dic(12,21) described in B-CLL. The low percentage of cells with the 13q14 deletion and bcl-2/IgH rearrangement suggests that they were secondary events that resulted from clonal evolution. Our patient had a short survival (9 months) and a clear lack of response to several therapeutic agents, confirming the association of p53 gene deletion and karyotypic evolution with disease progression.

Research paper thumbnail of Association between telomere length and BCL2 gene rearrangements in low- and high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas

Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, 2006

Telomere length based on terminal restriction fragment (TRF) assay was evaluated in cells of bone... more Telomere length based on terminal restriction fragment (TRF) assay was evaluated in cells of bone marrow, lymph node, or both from 53 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients: 44 with follicular lymphoma (FL) and 9 with secondary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (S-DLBCL) to FL. The TRF data were correlated with BCL2 gene rearrangement evaluated by nested and long-distance polymerase chain reaction approaches. Peripheral blood cells from 12 healthy donors were studied as controls. Both groups of NHL patients revealed significant telomere shortening compared with controls (8.50 +/- 0.50 kb; P < 0.001), with significantly shorter TRFs in S-DLBCL (3.49 +/- 0.26 kb) than in FL cases (4.09 +/- 0.12 kb; P = 0.047). Patients carrying BCL2 gene rearrangements showed longer telomere length (4.19 +/- 0.14 kb) than those without (3.51 +/- 0.14 kb; P = 0.05). Among patients with FL, telomere length was shortest in patients without t(14;18), intermediate when breakpoints occurred in the minor breakpoint cluster region (3.97 +/- 0.33 kb), and greater when breakpoints occurred in the major breakpoint region (MBR) (4.24 +/- 0.15 kb), with significant differences between MBR and BCL2-negative cases (P = 0.033). Our findings support the existence of alternative genetic pathways involved in the origin of these FL subsets. Even though the number of S-DLBCL cases was small, they showed the shortest telomere length, suggesting that this parameter reflects another genetic alteration involved in the progression from FL to a higher-grade lymphoma.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of telomere length in mantle cell lymphoma

European Journal of Haematology, 2009

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a well defined lymphoid neoplasm genetically characterized by the t... more Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a well defined lymphoid neoplasm genetically characterized by the t(11;14)(q13;q32). Telomeres play an essential role in preserving chromosomal integrity and genomic stability; their shortening can lead to telomere dysfunction and chromosomal instability, a critical factor in cancer development. In this study, telomere length (TL) measured by terminal restriction fragments (TRF) assay in DNA samples of tumor cells from 20 patients with MCL was evaluated. Results were correlated with clinical, morphologic and cytogenetic characteristics. In all cases, the presence of the CCND1/IGH@ rearrangement was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or PCR analysis. TL in total MCL patients revealed a mean TRF value (4.51 ± 0.79 kb) significantly shorter than those observed in controls (7.49 ± 1.94 kb) (P < 0.001); 30% of patients had TL shorter than 4.0 kb. TRF length was not associated with patients age (P = 0.07; r = 0.17) nor with sex (females: 4.33 ± 0.51 kb and males: 4.57 ± 0.85 kb; P = 0.63). No significant differences were found between patients studied at diagnosis (13) (4.44 ± 0.81 kb) respect to those analyzed at relapse (7) (4.63 ± 0.82 kb) (P = 0.53). In addition, we compared patients with (4.84 ± 1.09 kb) and without (4.40 ± 0.68 kb) complex karyotypes (P = 0.45) and cases with typical morphology (4.48 ± 0.79 kb) vs. blastoid variant (4.63 ± 1.04 kb) (P = 0.83), and no significant differences between them were found. Although the number of cases of our series is not large, our results showed that TL reduction in MCL is independent of the clinical characteristics, morphology and karyotype.

Research paper thumbnail of New chromosome abnormalities and lack of BCL6 gene rearrangements in Argentinean diffuse large B-cell lymphomas

European Journal of Haematology, 2006

Abstract: Objectives: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgki... more Abstract: Objectives: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Cytogenetic studies have revealed a broad spectrum of clonal genetic abnormalities and complex karyotypes. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the understanding of the genomic alterations associated with this group of lymphomas. Methods: Cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular analyses were performed in 30 cases with DLBCL: 20 de novo DLBCL (dn-DLBCL) and 10 DLBCL secondary to follicular lymphoma (S-DLBCL). Results: A total of 37 different structural chromosomal rearrangements were found: 27% translocations, 54% deletions, and 19% other alterations. Chromosomes 8, 6, 2, and 9 were the most commonly affected. Interestingly, translocation t(3;14)(q27;q32) and/or BCL-6 gene rearrangements were not observed either by cytogenetic studies or by FISH analysis. Fifteen novel cytogenetic alterations were detected, among them translocations t(2;21)(p11;q22) and t(8;18)(q24;p11.3) appeared as sole structural abnormalities. Translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) and/or BCL-2-IGH gene rearrangements were the genomic alterations most frequently observed: 50% of S-DLBCL and 30% of dn-DLBCL. Deletions del(4)(q21), del(6)(q27), del(8)(q11), and del(9)(q11) were recurrent. The most common gains involved chromosome regions at 12q13-q24, 7q10-q32, and 17q22-qter; 6q was the most frequently deleted region, followed by losses at 2q35-qter, 7q32-qter, and 9q13-qter. Four novel regions of loss were identified: 5q13-q21, 2q35-qter (both recurrent in our series), 4p11-p12, and 17q11-q12. Conclusions: These studies emphasize the value of combining conventional cytogenetics with FISH and molecular studies to allow a more accurate definition of the genomic aberrations involved in DLBCL.

Research paper thumbnail of Inversions of chromosomes 2 and 6 in mantle cell lymphoma. Cytogenetic, FISH, and molecular studies

Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, 2006

Inversions are infrequent events in hematological malignancies. We here report the cytogenetic, f... more Inversions are infrequent events in hematological malignancies. We here report the cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and molecular studies of 2 patients diagnosed with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) that showed inversions of chromosomes 2 and 6 as part of complex karyotypes. Both patients showed a cytogenetically identical inv(6)(p23q11) detected as a secondary aberration. In addition, both patients had a derivative chromosome 2 which originated by partial deletion of the short arm and a pericentric inversion with different breakpoints on the long arm: der(2)del(2)(p21)inv(2)(p21q11) and der(2)del(2)(p21)inv(2)(p21q13), respectively. The presence of t(11;14)(q13;q32) was confirmed by interphase FISH and by molecular study. Residual normal cells were found in both cases. The patients showed a different clinical evolution with a poor outcome for one case and a favorable course of the disease for the other one. The review of the literature in MCL showed a total of 9 inversions affecting different chromosomes. Considering that inversions are very infrequent events in MCL, our findings could be important for detecting genes potentially involved in development and/or progression of this aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtype.

Research paper thumbnail of Modelo reglamento interno SST

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of socioeconomic factors on fitness and fatness in Spanish adolescents: The AVENA study

International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 2010

Objective. This study was to examine the infl uence of socioeconomic status on fi tness and fatne... more Objective. This study was to examine the infl uence of socioeconomic status on fi tness and fatness in Spanish adolescents. Subjects and Methods. A total of 1 795 adolescents (833 boys) aged 12.5-18.5 years from the AVENA study participated in this study. The following physical fi tness components were assessed: muscular strength (standing long jump), speedagility (4 ϫ 10 m shuttle run) and cardiorespiratory fi tness (20 m shuttle run). Total and central body fat was assessed using skinfold thickness and waist circumference, respectively. Both parents reported their educational and professional level. Results. Girls with higher paternal educational level and boys with higher either maternal or paternal professional level had higher muscular strength levels (all P Ͻ 0.05). Speed-agility and cardiorespiratory fi tness were not associated with parental educational or professional levels in boys. In contrast, girls with higher paternal educational level or higher parental professional level had higher levels in both fi tness components (all P Ͻ 0.05). A higher maternal educational level was associated with lower total and central body fat in boys (all P Ͻ 0.05), but not in girls. We observed a small effect size (Cohen´s d ∼ 0.2) in most of these associations. Conclusions. Our results suggest modest associations of high socioeconomic status with better fi tness and fatness levels in Spanish adolescents. These associations greatly depend on the socioeconomic status and fi tness parameters studied.

Research paper thumbnail of EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A NEW DISPERSIVE MIXER

New dispersive mixing technology for extruders and mixing devices (1, 2) is based on creating str... more New dispersive mixing technology for extruders and mixing devices (1, 2) is based on creating strong elongational flow to achieve efficient dispersive mixing. These mixers are designed so that all fluid elements pass through the high stress regions several times. One version of the new mixer, CRD-4, was tested on a modular 45 mm extruder using a dryblend of polyethylene and polystyrene. The CRD-4 mixer was tested against a Leroy/Maddock mixer and a Maillefer mixer.

Research paper thumbnail of POLYMER EXTRUSION DIES MODELLING AND DESIGN USING GID AND MCAD SYSTEMS

SUMMARY: The advances obtained until the moment with the computer aided tool development for the ... more SUMMARY: The advances obtained until the moment with the computer aided tool development for the three-dimensional modelling and design of polymer extrusion flat dies are in this work. Using a commercial Mechanical Computer Aided Design MCAD system (Solidworks) was developed a module based in models in the literature published and SolidDies 1.0 called. The import and mesh within GID software was explored, with the purpose of solving the equations of energy and momentum coupled in a second phase using meshless numerical methods and radial functional basis or conventional numerical methods. The interchange of data between Solidworks® and GID®, the traditional mesh obtained and the exploration of the GID as pre and postprocessor to reach the final objective is presented here.

Research paper thumbnail of Cytogenetic, FISH, and molecular studies in a case of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with karyotypic evolution

European Journal of Haematology, 2002

Abstract: We report the clinical, cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and mol... more Abstract: We report the clinical, cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular findings in a 54-yr-old male patient diagnosed with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), who showed progression to a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (Richter's syndrome). Genetic studies were performed at diagnosis and during the Richter's transformation (RT). A clonal karyotype with two dicentric chromosomes, psu dic(12,21)(q24;q10) and dic(17,18)(p11.2;p11.2), was found. Both rearrangements were confirmed by FISH. Molecular cytogenetics analysis using p53 probe showed monoallelic loss of this tumor suppressor gene in 43.8% and 77.3% of cells for the first and the second studies, respectively). In both studies, deletions of D13S319 (18% and 12% of cells) and D13S25 loci (13% and 12% of cells) at 13q14 were found. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the MBR/JH rearrangement of the bcl-2 gene. FISH studies using LSI bcl-2/IgH probe allowed quantifying the clonal cell population with this rearrangement (4% and 6.6% of cells at diagnosis and RT, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first case with a psu dic(12,21) described in B-CLL. The low percentage of cells with the 13q14 deletion and bcl-2/IgH rearrangement suggests that they were secondary events that resulted from clonal evolution. Our patient had a short survival (9 months) and a clear lack of response to several therapeutic agents, confirming the association of p53 gene deletion and karyotypic evolution with disease progression.

Research paper thumbnail of Association between telomere length and BCL2 gene rearrangements in low- and high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas

Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, 2006

Telomere length based on terminal restriction fragment (TRF) assay was evaluated in cells of bone... more Telomere length based on terminal restriction fragment (TRF) assay was evaluated in cells of bone marrow, lymph node, or both from 53 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients: 44 with follicular lymphoma (FL) and 9 with secondary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (S-DLBCL) to FL. The TRF data were correlated with BCL2 gene rearrangement evaluated by nested and long-distance polymerase chain reaction approaches. Peripheral blood cells from 12 healthy donors were studied as controls. Both groups of NHL patients revealed significant telomere shortening compared with controls (8.50 +/- 0.50 kb; P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001), with significantly shorter TRFs in S-DLBCL (3.49 +/- 0.26 kb) than in FL cases (4.09 +/- 0.12 kb; P = 0.047). Patients carrying BCL2 gene rearrangements showed longer telomere length (4.19 +/- 0.14 kb) than those without (3.51 +/- 0.14 kb; P = 0.05). Among patients with FL, telomere length was shortest in patients without t(14;18), intermediate when breakpoints occurred in the minor breakpoint cluster region (3.97 +/- 0.33 kb), and greater when breakpoints occurred in the major breakpoint region (MBR) (4.24 +/- 0.15 kb), with significant differences between MBR and BCL2-negative cases (P = 0.033). Our findings support the existence of alternative genetic pathways involved in the origin of these FL subsets. Even though the number of S-DLBCL cases was small, they showed the shortest telomere length, suggesting that this parameter reflects another genetic alteration involved in the progression from FL to a higher-grade lymphoma.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of telomere length in mantle cell lymphoma

European Journal of Haematology, 2009

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a well defined lymphoid neoplasm genetically characterized by the t... more Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a well defined lymphoid neoplasm genetically characterized by the t(11;14)(q13;q32). Telomeres play an essential role in preserving chromosomal integrity and genomic stability; their shortening can lead to telomere dysfunction and chromosomal instability, a critical factor in cancer development. In this study, telomere length (TL) measured by terminal restriction fragments (TRF) assay in DNA samples of tumor cells from 20 patients with MCL was evaluated. Results were correlated with clinical, morphologic and cytogenetic characteristics. In all cases, the presence of the CCND1/IGH@ rearrangement was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or PCR analysis. TL in total MCL patients revealed a mean TRF value (4.51 ± 0.79 kb) significantly shorter than those observed in controls (7.49 ± 1.94 kb) (P < 0.001); 30% of patients had TL shorter than 4.0 kb. TRF length was not associated with patients age (P = 0.07; r = 0.17) nor with sex (females: 4.33 ± 0.51 kb and males: 4.57 ± 0.85 kb; P = 0.63). No significant differences were found between patients studied at diagnosis (13) (4.44 ± 0.81 kb) respect to those analyzed at relapse (7) (4.63 ± 0.82 kb) (P = 0.53). In addition, we compared patients with (4.84 ± 1.09 kb) and without (4.40 ± 0.68 kb) complex karyotypes (P = 0.45) and cases with typical morphology (4.48 ± 0.79 kb) vs. blastoid variant (4.63 ± 1.04 kb) (P = 0.83), and no significant differences between them were found. Although the number of cases of our series is not large, our results showed that TL reduction in MCL is independent of the clinical characteristics, morphology and karyotype.

Research paper thumbnail of New chromosome abnormalities and lack of BCL6 gene rearrangements in Argentinean diffuse large B-cell lymphomas

European Journal of Haematology, 2006

Abstract: Objectives: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgki... more Abstract: Objectives: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Cytogenetic studies have revealed a broad spectrum of clonal genetic abnormalities and complex karyotypes. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the understanding of the genomic alterations associated with this group of lymphomas. Methods: Cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular analyses were performed in 30 cases with DLBCL: 20 de novo DLBCL (dn-DLBCL) and 10 DLBCL secondary to follicular lymphoma (S-DLBCL). Results: A total of 37 different structural chromosomal rearrangements were found: 27% translocations, 54% deletions, and 19% other alterations. Chromosomes 8, 6, 2, and 9 were the most commonly affected. Interestingly, translocation t(3;14)(q27;q32) and/or BCL-6 gene rearrangements were not observed either by cytogenetic studies or by FISH analysis. Fifteen novel cytogenetic alterations were detected, among them translocations t(2;21)(p11;q22) and t(8;18)(q24;p11.3) appeared as sole structural abnormalities. Translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) and/or BCL-2-IGH gene rearrangements were the genomic alterations most frequently observed: 50% of S-DLBCL and 30% of dn-DLBCL. Deletions del(4)(q21), del(6)(q27), del(8)(q11), and del(9)(q11) were recurrent. The most common gains involved chromosome regions at 12q13-q24, 7q10-q32, and 17q22-qter; 6q was the most frequently deleted region, followed by losses at 2q35-qter, 7q32-qter, and 9q13-qter. Four novel regions of loss were identified: 5q13-q21, 2q35-qter (both recurrent in our series), 4p11-p12, and 17q11-q12. Conclusions: These studies emphasize the value of combining conventional cytogenetics with FISH and molecular studies to allow a more accurate definition of the genomic aberrations involved in DLBCL.

Research paper thumbnail of Inversions of chromosomes 2 and 6 in mantle cell lymphoma. Cytogenetic, FISH, and molecular studies

Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, 2006

Inversions are infrequent events in hematological malignancies. We here report the cytogenetic, f... more Inversions are infrequent events in hematological malignancies. We here report the cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and molecular studies of 2 patients diagnosed with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) that showed inversions of chromosomes 2 and 6 as part of complex karyotypes. Both patients showed a cytogenetically identical inv(6)(p23q11) detected as a secondary aberration. In addition, both patients had a derivative chromosome 2 which originated by partial deletion of the short arm and a pericentric inversion with different breakpoints on the long arm: der(2)del(2)(p21)inv(2)(p21q11) and der(2)del(2)(p21)inv(2)(p21q13), respectively. The presence of t(11;14)(q13;q32) was confirmed by interphase FISH and by molecular study. Residual normal cells were found in both cases. The patients showed a different clinical evolution with a poor outcome for one case and a favorable course of the disease for the other one. The review of the literature in MCL showed a total of 9 inversions affecting different chromosomes. Considering that inversions are very infrequent events in MCL, our findings could be important for detecting genes potentially involved in development and/or progression of this aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtype.

Research paper thumbnail of Modelo reglamento interno SST