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Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are delivery systems which utilized the property of bioadhesio... more Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are delivery systems which utilized the property of bioadhesion of certain polymers which become adhesive on hydration. Nimodipine is an effective calcium channel blocker, used in the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage, migraine and angina. It has short biological half life of 1-2hrs, and eliminated rapidly and its activity lost only a few hours. Therefore, sustained release is needed for Nimodipine to give a prolonged action and reduction of usage frequency. Microcapsules of Nimodipine employing various Mucoadhesive polymers like Hydropropyl Methyl Cellulose, Methyl Cellulose, Carbopol 934, Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose and Sodium Alginate. Data of in-vitro release from microcapsules were fit to different equations and kinetic models to explain release profiles. Kinetic models used were zero and first-order equations, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. The correlation coefficient value (r) indicates the kinetic of drug release was zero order. The formulation was found to be right and suitable candidate for the formulation of Mucoadhesive microcapsules of Nimodipine for therapeutic use.
A biological marker (biomarker) is characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as a... more A biological marker (biomarker) is characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Cancer a devastating malady is still being missed at its earliest stages because of detection methods that are not targeted at elusive cellular physiological changes that occur during neoplasmic development. With extensive studies of proteomics, genomics and transcriptomics its being possible to comprehensively track the complex pathophysiology involved in neoplasmic dynamics. A proteomic or genomic array of many individual proteins can be used in differentiating the diseased from a healthy individual. In this review we summarize the current literature on biomarkers with emphasis on protein biomarkers.
Cancer is a malignant disease caused by damage of genes that control growth and division of cells... more Cancer is a malignant disease caused by damage of genes that control growth and division of cells and it is complex as it entails multiple cellular physiologic systems such as cell signaling and apoptosis .it is being missed at its earliest stages because of detection methods that are not directed at cellular changes of carcinogenesis .Non specific systemic distribution , inadequate drug concentrations reaching tumor , inability to monitor therapeutic responses continue to plague the area of clinical oncology . Nanotechnology has the potential to offer solution to these current obstacles in cancer therapy because of its unique size (1-100nm) and large surface-to-volume ratios .The versatility of the nanotechnology platform could allow cellular tracking using single or multimodal imaging modalities. Nanoparticles are being used to detect biomarkers which may help researchers with molecular imaging of malignant lesions and allow physicians to see cells and molecules undetectable through conventional imaging. Additionally photo luminescent nanoparticles may allow oncologists to discriminate cancerous and healthy cells. Clinical investigations suggest that therapeutic nanoparticles can improve patient care and quality of life by reducing off-target toxicities by more selectively directing drug molecules to intracellular targets of cancer cells.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are delivery systems which utilized the property of bioadhesio... more Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are delivery systems which utilized the property of bioadhesion of certain polymers which become adhesive on hydration. Nimodipine is an effective calcium channel blocker, used in the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage, migraine and angina. It has short biological half life of 1-2hrs, and eliminated rapidly and its activity lost only a few hours. Therefore, sustained release is needed for Nimodipine to give a prolonged action and reduction of usage frequency. Microcapsules of Nimodipine employing various Mucoadhesive polymers like Hydropropyl Methyl Cellulose, Methyl Cellulose, Carbopol 934, Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose and Sodium Alginate. Data of in-vitro release from microcapsules were fit to different equations and kinetic models to explain release profiles. Kinetic models used were zero and first-order equations, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. The correlation coefficient value (r) indicates the kinetic of drug release was zero order. The formulation was found to be right and suitable candidate for the formulation of Mucoadhesive microcapsules of Nimodipine for therapeutic use.
A biological marker (biomarker) is characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as a... more A biological marker (biomarker) is characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Cancer a devastating malady is still being missed at its earliest stages because of detection methods that are not targeted at elusive cellular physiological changes that occur during neoplasmic development. With extensive studies of proteomics, genomics and transcriptomics its being possible to comprehensively track the complex pathophysiology involved in neoplasmic dynamics. A proteomic or genomic array of many individual proteins can be used in differentiating the diseased from a healthy individual. In this review we summarize the current literature on biomarkers with emphasis on protein biomarkers.
Cancer is a malignant disease caused by damage of genes that control growth and division of cells... more Cancer is a malignant disease caused by damage of genes that control growth and division of cells and it is complex as it entails multiple cellular physiologic systems such as cell signaling and apoptosis .it is being missed at its earliest stages because of detection methods that are not directed at cellular changes of carcinogenesis .Non specific systemic distribution , inadequate drug concentrations reaching tumor , inability to monitor therapeutic responses continue to plague the area of clinical oncology . Nanotechnology has the potential to offer solution to these current obstacles in cancer therapy because of its unique size (1-100nm) and large surface-to-volume ratios .The versatility of the nanotechnology platform could allow cellular tracking using single or multimodal imaging modalities. Nanoparticles are being used to detect biomarkers which may help researchers with molecular imaging of malignant lesions and allow physicians to see cells and molecules undetectable through conventional imaging. Additionally photo luminescent nanoparticles may allow oncologists to discriminate cancerous and healthy cells. Clinical investigations suggest that therapeutic nanoparticles can improve patient care and quality of life by reducing off-target toxicities by more selectively directing drug molecules to intracellular targets of cancer cells.