Doaa Elnakhala | The University of Texas at Austin (original) (raw)

Papers by Doaa Elnakhala

Global Jihadist Terrorism, 2021

by al-Qaeda (AQ) operatives, countering jihadist terrorism has become a primary security and poli... more by al-Qaeda (AQ) operatives, countering jihadist terrorism has become a primary security and political priority for many liberal democracies. The fact that global jihadist terrorism, notably in the form of AQ, Islamic State (IS) and their affiliates, has affected other liberal democratic regimes only deepens these concerns. Consequently, we have seen considerable shifts in the counter-terrorism (CT) strategies and tactics of liberal democracies, and in respect of their legal and other institutional arrangements concerned with security. Of course, jihadist terrorism has not only affected liberal democracies but more often than not it has also had greater direct impact on authoritarian states or, at least, on states other than well-ordered liberal democracies, such as Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Given their global ambitions and reach, the terrorist operations conducted by AQ, IS and their affiliates still impact upon liberal democracies both directly and indirectly. Such liberal democracies are the focus of both this volume and the European Research Council Advanced Grant (GTCMR-670172) research project of which it is a part. Global jihadist terrorism differs in important respects from traditional terrorism of the kind practised by the likes of the Irish Republican Army and the Palestinian Liberation Organisation. For one thing, the goals of global jihadism are not simply narrow, nationalistic ones but far more grandiose, notably the establishment of a Caliphate. Moreover, the harmful impact of global jihadist terrorism has been much greater. In its attempts to establish a so-called Caliphate, the terrorism perpetrated by IS has not only hit various Western cities but has also resulted in the deaths of far more people in the Middle East, predominantly among the Muslim population that it claims to represent. Further, there is an important difference in terms of tactics. Elements of the IS Caliphate project that have materialised over the past few years have relied upon a variety of brutal terrorist tactics to subdue and coerce local populations to ensure that they remain under IS control. Finally, global jihadist terrorism has taken a somewhat different organisational form, such as AQ operating

Global Jihadist Terrorism, 2021

BACKGROUND Palestine is an area of about 26 000 km², located to the southeast of the Mediterranea... more BACKGROUND Palestine is an area of about 26 000 km², located to the southeast of the Mediterranean, and is comprised of modern-day Israel, the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. This area contains sacred sites for Jews, Christians and Muslims. Since the late 19th century, it has been subjected to conflicting claims by Jewish and Arab national movements. Jewish claims are based on the biblical promise to Abraham and his descendants that Palestine was the site of the Jewish kingdom of Israel, destroyed by the Romans. Palestinian claims are based on continuous residence for hundreds of years, and on constituting the majority of the population at various times in the conflict, including the end of the British Mandate and the creation of the State of Israel, in 1948. Some also add that, since Abraham's son Ishmael is the forefather of the Arabs, then God's promise to the children of Abraham also includes the Arabs (Beinin and Hajjar, 2014, p. 1). Waves of Jewish immigration arrived in Palestine during the Ottoman Rule and the British Mandate. 1 In 1917, the British promised a Jewish homeland in Palestine through the Balfour Declaration (Balfour, 1917), which contradicted their promise to the Arabs of Palestine, of their own independent state on the same land (Antonius, 2010). 2 Concerned over a demographic threat and a gradual loss of land to the Jewish migrants, the Palestinian Arabs rioted against the British Authorities, accusing them of conspiring with the Jews. With support from different sources, the influence of the Jewish population expanded as tensions continued to escalate (Pappé, 2006; Elnakhala, 2014). Palestine was demarcated over various phases during the British Mandate.

Global Jihadist Terrorism, 2021

Global Jihadist Terrorism, 2021

Global Jihadist Terrorism, 2021

This insightful book provides a unified repository of information on jihadist terrorism. Offering... more This insightful book provides a unified repository of information on jihadist terrorism. Offering an integrated treatment of terrorist groups, zones of armed conflict and counter-terrorism responses from liberal democratic states, it presents fresh empirical perspectives on the origins and progression of conflict, and contemporary global measures to combat terrorist activity.Ethics & Philosophy of Technolog

This dissertation would have not been possible without the help and support of many people who pr... more This dissertation would have not been possible without the help and support of many people who provided constructive criticism, advice and support and to whom I will always be grateful. This research was inspired by discussions in the Borders, Territories, and Conflicts course offered by George Gavrilis in the spring of 2008 at the Government Department of the University of Texas-Austin. Gavrilis helped me believe in the topic and taught me how to articulate something I am passionate about. The research has been also possible through my work as a project director in the Terrorists, Insurgents, and Guerrillas in Education and Research (TIGER) lab at the University of Texas at Austin, which was founded by Ami Pedahzur. Pedahzur's encouragement is inspirational. The program provided tremendous support for the data collection of this research.

Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression

Many contemporary states and historic political entities walled their borders stressing the idea ... more Many contemporary states and historic political entities walled their borders stressing the idea that these barriers would protect their homelands from external threats and thus, achieve security. Although this security argument has prevailed, the political science literature fails to offer a systematic empirical examination of the relationship between barriers and cross-border threats. This research attempts to bridge this gap by answering the question: What are the actual security outcomes of physical barriers on borders? And thus, under what conditions do barriers succeed/fail to achieve security? This paper posits that, in some cases, building barriers on borders to stop non-state actors’ attacks escalate conflict. It demonstrates that when militants have supply institutions, they will manage to increase their attacks and shift to new tactics despite the barrier. It also studies the Israeli Gaza Strip Fence and offers an analysis based on patterns of the relationships between features of the barrier and the Gaza attacks. these patterns are derived from a quantitative dataset built by the researcher and are also supplemented by qualitative data about the case.

Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my parents Salwa and Hamdi Alnakhala whom I rarely s... more Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my parents Salwa and Hamdi Alnakhala whom I rarely saw in the past twenty years because of border restrictions. I also dedicate it to the rest of my family and my husband, Mimoun Yousfi, for their support and for helping me be who I v

Global Jihadist Terrorism, 2021

by al-Qaeda (AQ) operatives, countering jihadist terrorism has become a primary security and poli... more by al-Qaeda (AQ) operatives, countering jihadist terrorism has become a primary security and political priority for many liberal democracies. The fact that global jihadist terrorism, notably in the form of AQ, Islamic State (IS) and their affiliates, has affected other liberal democratic regimes only deepens these concerns. Consequently, we have seen considerable shifts in the counter-terrorism (CT) strategies and tactics of liberal democracies, and in respect of their legal and other institutional arrangements concerned with security. Of course, jihadist terrorism has not only affected liberal democracies but more often than not it has also had greater direct impact on authoritarian states or, at least, on states other than well-ordered liberal democracies, such as Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Given their global ambitions and reach, the terrorist operations conducted by AQ, IS and their affiliates still impact upon liberal democracies both directly and indirectly. Such liberal democracies are the focus of both this volume and the European Research Council Advanced Grant (GTCMR-670172) research project of which it is a part. Global jihadist terrorism differs in important respects from traditional terrorism of the kind practised by the likes of the Irish Republican Army and the Palestinian Liberation Organisation. For one thing, the goals of global jihadism are not simply narrow, nationalistic ones but far more grandiose, notably the establishment of a Caliphate. Moreover, the harmful impact of global jihadist terrorism has been much greater. In its attempts to establish a so-called Caliphate, the terrorism perpetrated by IS has not only hit various Western cities but has also resulted in the deaths of far more people in the Middle East, predominantly among the Muslim population that it claims to represent. Further, there is an important difference in terms of tactics. Elements of the IS Caliphate project that have materialised over the past few years have relied upon a variety of brutal terrorist tactics to subdue and coerce local populations to ensure that they remain under IS control. Finally, global jihadist terrorism has taken a somewhat different organisational form, such as AQ operating

Global Jihadist Terrorism, 2021

BACKGROUND Palestine is an area of about 26 000 km², located to the southeast of the Mediterranea... more BACKGROUND Palestine is an area of about 26 000 km², located to the southeast of the Mediterranean, and is comprised of modern-day Israel, the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. This area contains sacred sites for Jews, Christians and Muslims. Since the late 19th century, it has been subjected to conflicting claims by Jewish and Arab national movements. Jewish claims are based on the biblical promise to Abraham and his descendants that Palestine was the site of the Jewish kingdom of Israel, destroyed by the Romans. Palestinian claims are based on continuous residence for hundreds of years, and on constituting the majority of the population at various times in the conflict, including the end of the British Mandate and the creation of the State of Israel, in 1948. Some also add that, since Abraham's son Ishmael is the forefather of the Arabs, then God's promise to the children of Abraham also includes the Arabs (Beinin and Hajjar, 2014, p. 1). Waves of Jewish immigration arrived in Palestine during the Ottoman Rule and the British Mandate. 1 In 1917, the British promised a Jewish homeland in Palestine through the Balfour Declaration (Balfour, 1917), which contradicted their promise to the Arabs of Palestine, of their own independent state on the same land (Antonius, 2010). 2 Concerned over a demographic threat and a gradual loss of land to the Jewish migrants, the Palestinian Arabs rioted against the British Authorities, accusing them of conspiring with the Jews. With support from different sources, the influence of the Jewish population expanded as tensions continued to escalate (Pappé, 2006; Elnakhala, 2014). Palestine was demarcated over various phases during the British Mandate.

Global Jihadist Terrorism, 2021

Global Jihadist Terrorism, 2021

Global Jihadist Terrorism, 2021

This insightful book provides a unified repository of information on jihadist terrorism. Offering... more This insightful book provides a unified repository of information on jihadist terrorism. Offering an integrated treatment of terrorist groups, zones of armed conflict and counter-terrorism responses from liberal democratic states, it presents fresh empirical perspectives on the origins and progression of conflict, and contemporary global measures to combat terrorist activity.Ethics & Philosophy of Technolog

This dissertation would have not been possible without the help and support of many people who pr... more This dissertation would have not been possible without the help and support of many people who provided constructive criticism, advice and support and to whom I will always be grateful. This research was inspired by discussions in the Borders, Territories, and Conflicts course offered by George Gavrilis in the spring of 2008 at the Government Department of the University of Texas-Austin. Gavrilis helped me believe in the topic and taught me how to articulate something I am passionate about. The research has been also possible through my work as a project director in the Terrorists, Insurgents, and Guerrillas in Education and Research (TIGER) lab at the University of Texas at Austin, which was founded by Ami Pedahzur. Pedahzur's encouragement is inspirational. The program provided tremendous support for the data collection of this research.

Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression

Many contemporary states and historic political entities walled their borders stressing the idea ... more Many contemporary states and historic political entities walled their borders stressing the idea that these barriers would protect their homelands from external threats and thus, achieve security. Although this security argument has prevailed, the political science literature fails to offer a systematic empirical examination of the relationship between barriers and cross-border threats. This research attempts to bridge this gap by answering the question: What are the actual security outcomes of physical barriers on borders? And thus, under what conditions do barriers succeed/fail to achieve security? This paper posits that, in some cases, building barriers on borders to stop non-state actors’ attacks escalate conflict. It demonstrates that when militants have supply institutions, they will manage to increase their attacks and shift to new tactics despite the barrier. It also studies the Israeli Gaza Strip Fence and offers an analysis based on patterns of the relationships between features of the barrier and the Gaza attacks. these patterns are derived from a quantitative dataset built by the researcher and are also supplemented by qualitative data about the case.

Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my parents Salwa and Hamdi Alnakhala whom I rarely s... more Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my parents Salwa and Hamdi Alnakhala whom I rarely saw in the past twenty years because of border restrictions. I also dedicate it to the rest of my family and my husband, Mimoun Yousfi, for their support and for helping me be who I v