Basil D Daniel | Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (original) (raw)
Papers by Basil D Daniel
Previous research has shown that speed reduction on residential streets can be attained through t... more Previous research has shown that speed reduction on residential streets can be attained through traffic calming. This research examines the speed profiles of individual vehicles on traffic-calmed streets, in order to provide a better understanding of how drivers react to calming devices over an extended street length and to find ways of estimating speeds along traffic-calmed streets. Results indicate that traffic-calmed streets do not necessarily promote low speed environments. It was found that 85th percentile speeds at long distances from calming devices were 45-55 km/h for horizontally deflected streets and 40-45 km/h for vertically deflected streets. The speed hump and the angled slow point produced the biggest speed reductions, with the 2-way mid-block narrowings causing no significant speed changes. Smaller variations in speeds were recorded on the speed hump and the raised angled slow point, while the speed table registered a higher variation. This suggests that drivers have ...
Road crossings are considered as an unavoidable part of walking in which the desirable route of p... more Road crossings are considered as an unavoidable part of walking in which the desirable route of pedestrians interacts with vehicles. These interactions may expose the pedestrians to risks or delays. In Malaysia, road accident statistics show that pedestrian casualties are fairly high. Inappropriate gap acceptance when pedestrians cross roads is a main contributing element to this situation. In this context, the purpose of this study was to develop realistic models for pedestrian road crossing behaviour using the regression technique for mid-block street crossing. A choice model was produced to capture the decision making process of pedestrians whereas rejected or accepted vehicular gaps was based on the discrete choice theory. Gap acceptance data under real mix traffic conditions was collected using video camera on a typical unsignalised two lane one way urban street section in the city center of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The lognormal regression model developed for the crossing behav...
This paper presents methods on how to determine the level of practice of usage of safety helmet a... more This paper presents methods on how to determine the level of practice of usage of safety helmet among motorcyclist in Batu Pahat and to identify the target group who are most likely to violate the safety helmet law among. A questionnaire study was carried out in urban ...
A study was undertaken to develop a pedestrian level of service (P-LOS) model for crosswalks at s... more A study was undertaken to develop a pedestrian level of service (P-LOS) model for crosswalks at signalized intersections for the purpose of improving the serviceability of crosswalks at signalized intersections and identifying factors which affect pedestrian ...
A systematic transportation system is vital for the development of a country. In Malaysia, the hi... more A systematic transportation system is vital for the development of a country. In Malaysia, the high dependence on private cars is caused by inadequate public transport that does not meet the general needs of commuters. This study was conducted to identify the factors that contributed to drivers' intention to use electric cars as a greener alternative to fuel-powered vehicles. To explore this issue, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was employed to predict acceptance of electric cars based on driver intention. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 217 car drivers in the Batu Pahat district. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between the TAM constructs and the intention to use electric car. Results showed that all contructs were found to be statistically significant. In addition, Perceived Ease of Use was a stronger factor that contributed to drivers' acceptance to use electric cars compared to Perceived Usefulness. The level of the acceptance was highly positive.
An increase in population generates increasing in travel demand. In Malaysia, public transport be... more An increase in population generates increasing in travel demand. In Malaysia, public transport become an important modes of transport that connection people. This paper presents behavioural intention to use public transport especially public bus based on Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A questionnaire survey was conducted to identify factors that contribute and influence users to use public bus and to determine factor that most dominant using TPB model. A total of 282 questionnaires were distributed in selected area of Batu Pahat and Kluang. Correlation and regression analysis were used for this study. Results show that the Attitude toward public transport is the most dominant factor compared with Subjective Norm and Perceived Behavior Control that influencing users to use public bus. Majority respondents were agreed that they prefer to use public bus because it is cheap to travel and no other choices of other transfer modes. As for the recommendation, this study can be extended in future as part of strategic sustainable transportation system in Batu Pahat and Kluang areas.
In Malaysia, road accidents are major concern that needs to be resolved by the related authoritie... more In Malaysia, road accidents are major concern that needs to be resolved by the related authorities. The human is the most significant factor in road accidents especially among young driver. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics, effectiveness and relationship between locus of control and human factors. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 247 young drivers in Batu Pahat, Kluang and Johor Bharu. Results show that more than 60% of the respondents' ages are between 24 and 29 years old. From correlation analyses, it was found that there were moderately positive relationships between internality and dissociation while external showed moderately positive relationship between careful and distress reduction. A multiple regression analysis demonstrated that internality had a strong relationship with dissociation and anxiety. Also, the externality is statistically significant with speeding and patience. In addition, the externality and internality showed a significant relationship to driver behaviour. Therefore, it can be concluded that Locus of Control is useful model for understanding the human behavior in relation to road accidents..
Traffic accidents are considered as an unplanned and unfortunate event which is a serious concern... more Traffic accidents are considered as an unplanned and unfortunate event which is a serious concern to the community as well as the authority. An accident-counter measure can reduce the rate of road accidents by initially identifying critical locations. The total of road accidents along FT 024 between 2009 and 2012 is 907 cases. Road accidents during the same period range between 24 % and 26 % each year. These accidents killed 34 people and injuring another 101 people. This research aims to identify factors that may contribute to the cause of accidents and to study the effects of speed, volume and road geometry on road accidents. In this study, the locations labelled as km 1, km 2, km 4, km 8, km 5 and km 14 of Federal Route FT 024 Yong Peng – Parit Sulong were selected as the study-case sections based on Accident Point Weightage of ranking, in which each location has different road characteristics. Speed study was carried out at selected road sections to evaluate the influence of speed upon road accidents; and traffic volume count was conducted at the same selected road sections to determine the existing condition of the route. Besides, road geometry observations and measurements were also conducted at selected sections, they were also studied to evaluate influence of road designs upon road accidents. The extracted data were analyzed by using regression analysis on different variables to evaluate the relationship between accident Weightage point and other dependent variables that were considered to have considerable effects upon road accidents such as mean speed, volume, shoulder width, lane width and access point. P value below 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. After conducting data analysis, this study showed that the number of road accidents increases with the increment of speed and access point. On the other hand, volume has no strong relationship to road accidents which means that it may not have an effect on accidents. Moreover, based on the assumptions made by the researchers and project supervisors, road safety index development is important for the selected road sections along FT 024 to improve the road conditions in terms of safety and also to propose improvements at the selected locations in order to reduce accident rate.
Transportation in Developing Economies, 2015
Abstract A study was undertaken to develop a pedestrian level of service (P-LOS) model for crossw... more Abstract A study was undertaken to develop a pedestrian level of service (P-LOS) model for crosswalks at signalized intersections for the purpose of improving the serviceability of crosswalks at signalized intersections and identifying factors which affect pedestrian ...
Road accidents are common issues each year. Human factors are the highest contributing factor to ... more Road accidents are common issues each year. Human factors are the highest contributing factor to the road accidents which are mostly from the drivers’ attitude such as excessive speeding. To mitigate this problem, a government has been implemented Automated Enforcement System (AES). This study aims to identify the factors that contributed to the AES acceptance among drivers and the acceptance level of AES based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The correlation and regression analysis were used in this study. The questionnaire survey was designed based on the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and TAM. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among 226 car driver as a respondent. The results show that the most dominant factor is perceived easy of acceptance compared with the acceptance level of respondent towards AES. Therefore, the authority might able to adapt and continue using AES monitoring method as a measure to carry out traffic offence enforcement activities.
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015
The World Health Organization (WHO) predicted that in 2020, road accidents will become the third ... more The World Health Organization (WHO) predicted that in 2020, road accidents will become the third cause of deaths in the world. Several factors contribute to road accidents, among them are human error, speeding, irregularities in road design and period of driving (either nighttime or daytime). In road design, horizontal curves are of particular interest to the designer, given that accidents are very likely to occur at such locations if drivers lose control of their vehicles due to inappropriate speed choices. This study was conducted to investigate the variation of driving behaviour on horizontal curves. The test car was fitted with a Global Positioning System (GPS) device and driven by 30 participants. The research findings show that drivers' choice of speed varies while approaching horizontal curve, on the curve and just after leaving the curve. Apart from this, although drivers were found to have driven at a slightly higher speed during daytime compare to evening driving, however the difference was not significant. A comparison between genders also revealed that female and male drivers drive at similar speed behaviour.
3rd Annual International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering (ACE 2015), 2015
ABSTRACT Motorcycles are common mode of transport used in Malaysia compared to other transportati... more ABSTRACT Motorcycles are common mode of transport used in Malaysia compared to other transportation such as cars, buses and trains. However, motorcyclists take up the largest portion of the annual road death statistics. The main cause of fatalities among motorcyclists is injury to the head compared to other parts of body. This paper presents a new intervention to enhance the safety of motorcyclist regarding the head injuries issue. A new conceptual design, which is Safety Helmet Reminder (SHR) system, is novel approach towards the prevention of injuries among motorcyclists in Malaysia. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was adopted to predict behavioral intention to use SHR among motorcyclists. The self- administered questionnaires were distributed among 300 motorcyclists in Batu Pahat, Johor. The data were analysed using correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. The results show that the predictive variables were highly correlated, showing positive linear relationship and significance at 0.01 (p<0.01). In addition, through the hierarchical multiple regression, it was found that perceived ease of use, behavioral intention to use SHR and additional variables (perceived safety, subjective norm and descriptive norm) were found significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, perceived safety, subjective norm, descriptive norm, perceived ease of use and behavioral intention to use technology remained a significant predictor of helmet use. However, perceived usefulness and attitude toward using technology were not significant in predicting helmet use among motorcyclists.
The gap-acceptance method is the common approach to assess the performance of the priority inters... more The gap-acceptance method is the common approach to assess the performance of the priority intersection which is implemented
to regulate low volume of traffic flow. However, among the drawbacks of the gap-acceptance method are the non-compliance to
the right of way, and the heterogeneous traffic condition. Conflict method has been developed to overcome these shortcomings.
Surveillance equipment is used to obtain the required data, such as traffic volume and occupation time. The occupation time and
approaching time of vehicle are used to calculate the capacity of vehicular movements for each conflict group. The results from
intersections with flare and without flare are provided. Result comparison has also been made between the conflict method and
the HCM 2000. The relationship between the occupation time and critical gap is discovered. The results of the conflict method
are found to be comparable with the HCM 2000 using field data.
hardingconsultants.co.nz
Previous research has shown that speed reduction on residential streets can be attained through t... more Previous research has shown that speed reduction on residential streets can be attained through traffic calming. This research examines the speed profiles of individual vehicles on traffic-calmed streets, in order to provide a better understanding of how drivers react to calming devices over an extended street length and to find ways of estimating speeds along traffic-calmed streets.
Previous research has shown that speed reduction on residential streets can be attained through t... more Previous research has shown that speed reduction on residential streets can be attained through traffic calming. This research examines the speed profiles of individual vehicles on traffic-calmed streets, in order to provide a better understanding of how drivers react to calming devices over an extended street length and to find ways of estimating speeds along traffic-calmed streets. Results indicate that traffic-calmed streets do not necessarily promote low speed environments. It was found that 85th percentile speeds at long distances from calming devices were 45-55 km/h for horizontally deflected streets and 40-45 km/h for vertically deflected streets. The speed hump and the angled slow point produced the biggest speed reductions, with the 2-way mid-block narrowings causing no significant speed changes. Smaller variations in speeds were recorded on the speed hump and the raised angled slow point, while the speed table registered a higher variation. This suggests that drivers have ...
Road crossings are considered as an unavoidable part of walking in which the desirable route of p... more Road crossings are considered as an unavoidable part of walking in which the desirable route of pedestrians interacts with vehicles. These interactions may expose the pedestrians to risks or delays. In Malaysia, road accident statistics show that pedestrian casualties are fairly high. Inappropriate gap acceptance when pedestrians cross roads is a main contributing element to this situation. In this context, the purpose of this study was to develop realistic models for pedestrian road crossing behaviour using the regression technique for mid-block street crossing. A choice model was produced to capture the decision making process of pedestrians whereas rejected or accepted vehicular gaps was based on the discrete choice theory. Gap acceptance data under real mix traffic conditions was collected using video camera on a typical unsignalised two lane one way urban street section in the city center of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The lognormal regression model developed for the crossing behav...
This paper presents methods on how to determine the level of practice of usage of safety helmet a... more This paper presents methods on how to determine the level of practice of usage of safety helmet among motorcyclist in Batu Pahat and to identify the target group who are most likely to violate the safety helmet law among. A questionnaire study was carried out in urban ...
A study was undertaken to develop a pedestrian level of service (P-LOS) model for crosswalks at s... more A study was undertaken to develop a pedestrian level of service (P-LOS) model for crosswalks at signalized intersections for the purpose of improving the serviceability of crosswalks at signalized intersections and identifying factors which affect pedestrian ...
A systematic transportation system is vital for the development of a country. In Malaysia, the hi... more A systematic transportation system is vital for the development of a country. In Malaysia, the high dependence on private cars is caused by inadequate public transport that does not meet the general needs of commuters. This study was conducted to identify the factors that contributed to drivers' intention to use electric cars as a greener alternative to fuel-powered vehicles. To explore this issue, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was employed to predict acceptance of electric cars based on driver intention. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 217 car drivers in the Batu Pahat district. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between the TAM constructs and the intention to use electric car. Results showed that all contructs were found to be statistically significant. In addition, Perceived Ease of Use was a stronger factor that contributed to drivers' acceptance to use electric cars compared to Perceived Usefulness. The level of the acceptance was highly positive.
An increase in population generates increasing in travel demand. In Malaysia, public transport be... more An increase in population generates increasing in travel demand. In Malaysia, public transport become an important modes of transport that connection people. This paper presents behavioural intention to use public transport especially public bus based on Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A questionnaire survey was conducted to identify factors that contribute and influence users to use public bus and to determine factor that most dominant using TPB model. A total of 282 questionnaires were distributed in selected area of Batu Pahat and Kluang. Correlation and regression analysis were used for this study. Results show that the Attitude toward public transport is the most dominant factor compared with Subjective Norm and Perceived Behavior Control that influencing users to use public bus. Majority respondents were agreed that they prefer to use public bus because it is cheap to travel and no other choices of other transfer modes. As for the recommendation, this study can be extended in future as part of strategic sustainable transportation system in Batu Pahat and Kluang areas.
In Malaysia, road accidents are major concern that needs to be resolved by the related authoritie... more In Malaysia, road accidents are major concern that needs to be resolved by the related authorities. The human is the most significant factor in road accidents especially among young driver. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics, effectiveness and relationship between locus of control and human factors. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 247 young drivers in Batu Pahat, Kluang and Johor Bharu. Results show that more than 60% of the respondents' ages are between 24 and 29 years old. From correlation analyses, it was found that there were moderately positive relationships between internality and dissociation while external showed moderately positive relationship between careful and distress reduction. A multiple regression analysis demonstrated that internality had a strong relationship with dissociation and anxiety. Also, the externality is statistically significant with speeding and patience. In addition, the externality and internality showed a significant relationship to driver behaviour. Therefore, it can be concluded that Locus of Control is useful model for understanding the human behavior in relation to road accidents..
Traffic accidents are considered as an unplanned and unfortunate event which is a serious concern... more Traffic accidents are considered as an unplanned and unfortunate event which is a serious concern to the community as well as the authority. An accident-counter measure can reduce the rate of road accidents by initially identifying critical locations. The total of road accidents along FT 024 between 2009 and 2012 is 907 cases. Road accidents during the same period range between 24 % and 26 % each year. These accidents killed 34 people and injuring another 101 people. This research aims to identify factors that may contribute to the cause of accidents and to study the effects of speed, volume and road geometry on road accidents. In this study, the locations labelled as km 1, km 2, km 4, km 8, km 5 and km 14 of Federal Route FT 024 Yong Peng – Parit Sulong were selected as the study-case sections based on Accident Point Weightage of ranking, in which each location has different road characteristics. Speed study was carried out at selected road sections to evaluate the influence of speed upon road accidents; and traffic volume count was conducted at the same selected road sections to determine the existing condition of the route. Besides, road geometry observations and measurements were also conducted at selected sections, they were also studied to evaluate influence of road designs upon road accidents. The extracted data were analyzed by using regression analysis on different variables to evaluate the relationship between accident Weightage point and other dependent variables that were considered to have considerable effects upon road accidents such as mean speed, volume, shoulder width, lane width and access point. P value below 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. After conducting data analysis, this study showed that the number of road accidents increases with the increment of speed and access point. On the other hand, volume has no strong relationship to road accidents which means that it may not have an effect on accidents. Moreover, based on the assumptions made by the researchers and project supervisors, road safety index development is important for the selected road sections along FT 024 to improve the road conditions in terms of safety and also to propose improvements at the selected locations in order to reduce accident rate.
Transportation in Developing Economies, 2015
Abstract A study was undertaken to develop a pedestrian level of service (P-LOS) model for crossw... more Abstract A study was undertaken to develop a pedestrian level of service (P-LOS) model for crosswalks at signalized intersections for the purpose of improving the serviceability of crosswalks at signalized intersections and identifying factors which affect pedestrian ...
Road accidents are common issues each year. Human factors are the highest contributing factor to ... more Road accidents are common issues each year. Human factors are the highest contributing factor to the road accidents which are mostly from the drivers’ attitude such as excessive speeding. To mitigate this problem, a government has been implemented Automated Enforcement System (AES). This study aims to identify the factors that contributed to the AES acceptance among drivers and the acceptance level of AES based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The correlation and regression analysis were used in this study. The questionnaire survey was designed based on the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and TAM. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among 226 car driver as a respondent. The results show that the most dominant factor is perceived easy of acceptance compared with the acceptance level of respondent towards AES. Therefore, the authority might able to adapt and continue using AES monitoring method as a measure to carry out traffic offence enforcement activities.
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015
The World Health Organization (WHO) predicted that in 2020, road accidents will become the third ... more The World Health Organization (WHO) predicted that in 2020, road accidents will become the third cause of deaths in the world. Several factors contribute to road accidents, among them are human error, speeding, irregularities in road design and period of driving (either nighttime or daytime). In road design, horizontal curves are of particular interest to the designer, given that accidents are very likely to occur at such locations if drivers lose control of their vehicles due to inappropriate speed choices. This study was conducted to investigate the variation of driving behaviour on horizontal curves. The test car was fitted with a Global Positioning System (GPS) device and driven by 30 participants. The research findings show that drivers' choice of speed varies while approaching horizontal curve, on the curve and just after leaving the curve. Apart from this, although drivers were found to have driven at a slightly higher speed during daytime compare to evening driving, however the difference was not significant. A comparison between genders also revealed that female and male drivers drive at similar speed behaviour.
3rd Annual International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering (ACE 2015), 2015
ABSTRACT Motorcycles are common mode of transport used in Malaysia compared to other transportati... more ABSTRACT Motorcycles are common mode of transport used in Malaysia compared to other transportation such as cars, buses and trains. However, motorcyclists take up the largest portion of the annual road death statistics. The main cause of fatalities among motorcyclists is injury to the head compared to other parts of body. This paper presents a new intervention to enhance the safety of motorcyclist regarding the head injuries issue. A new conceptual design, which is Safety Helmet Reminder (SHR) system, is novel approach towards the prevention of injuries among motorcyclists in Malaysia. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was adopted to predict behavioral intention to use SHR among motorcyclists. The self- administered questionnaires were distributed among 300 motorcyclists in Batu Pahat, Johor. The data were analysed using correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. The results show that the predictive variables were highly correlated, showing positive linear relationship and significance at 0.01 (p<0.01). In addition, through the hierarchical multiple regression, it was found that perceived ease of use, behavioral intention to use SHR and additional variables (perceived safety, subjective norm and descriptive norm) were found significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, perceived safety, subjective norm, descriptive norm, perceived ease of use and behavioral intention to use technology remained a significant predictor of helmet use. However, perceived usefulness and attitude toward using technology were not significant in predicting helmet use among motorcyclists.
The gap-acceptance method is the common approach to assess the performance of the priority inters... more The gap-acceptance method is the common approach to assess the performance of the priority intersection which is implemented
to regulate low volume of traffic flow. However, among the drawbacks of the gap-acceptance method are the non-compliance to
the right of way, and the heterogeneous traffic condition. Conflict method has been developed to overcome these shortcomings.
Surveillance equipment is used to obtain the required data, such as traffic volume and occupation time. The occupation time and
approaching time of vehicle are used to calculate the capacity of vehicular movements for each conflict group. The results from
intersections with flare and without flare are provided. Result comparison has also been made between the conflict method and
the HCM 2000. The relationship between the occupation time and critical gap is discovered. The results of the conflict method
are found to be comparable with the HCM 2000 using field data.
hardingconsultants.co.nz
Previous research has shown that speed reduction on residential streets can be attained through t... more Previous research has shown that speed reduction on residential streets can be attained through traffic calming. This research examines the speed profiles of individual vehicles on traffic-calmed streets, in order to provide a better understanding of how drivers react to calming devices over an extended street length and to find ways of estimating speeds along traffic-calmed streets.