Arna Sarsambekova | University of Tyumen (original) (raw)

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Papers by Arna Sarsambekova

The Kazakh people maintained the religious rites of their ancestors for a long time. Ancient beli... more The Kazakh people maintained the religious rites of their ancestors for a long time. Ancient beliefs and various cults formed the basis for tengrianism and shamanism. The cult for ritual worship of ancestral spirits (the cult of saints) was equally important. Respect for the dead brought about systematic and regular visits to a pilgrimage and to the burial site. These places are named Holy Places. The goal of this paper is to research the role of holy places in the revival of Folk Islam in Kazakhstan. Usually, the Kazakhs go to the graves of their ancestors every year because this trip is of benefit to the participants' ancestors, which can help their descendants. The symbiosis formed from two traditions, the cult of the ancestors of the nomads plus the Sufi tradition of honoring teachers in Kazakhstan. Thus, a trip to the Saint Places implies a revival of the Folk Islam of Kazakhs.

AВSTRACT Shokan Ualikhanov is a scientist who made a huge contribution to the history of Central ... more AВSTRACT Shokan Ualikhanov is a scientist who made a huge contribution to the history of Central Asia. Shokan's works were not only known worldwide while he was alive but also were of great value to science these days. He was not only noticed by virtue of his special talent, knowledge, good observance and high intelligent skills and being an orientalist hopeful about the future among the highly-qualified Russian scientists but also on top of that he was the first Kazakh scientist who left a considerable mark on European science and culture. Followed by the outstanding Marko Polo, Shokan Ualikhanov's travel to Kashgar was the first brave deed by giving a many-sided discription of blind spots in Cetral Asia and introducing them to Europe. In this research Shokan Ualikhanov's contibution to the study of the history of Middle Ages in Cetral Asia was realized, his works in this field were analized. The research was carried out by comparing historic, many-sided analisis and combination, order and other scientific tutorial approaches on top. A great attention was paid to the worldwide developing science of biography. A scientic heritage of a person was analyzed, his contribution to science and art, while investigating, the development of the whole civilization was taken into consideration. Sh. Ualihanov widely put into practice different kinds of research methods, which are necessary now days too. For instance, Louis Cohen, Lawrence Manion, Keith Morrison, нistorical research employs a number of methods and makes use of a wide range of source materials. These include oral sources in relation to the recent past, based on interviews in which respondents recall their own experiences as historical evidence. Nevertheless, analysis of documents has been the most characteristic and traditional method employed in modern historical research as distinct from social research. The established practices of working historians are therefore a key point of departure in addressing documentary research, although historians have tended not to reflect in detail or depth on this central aspect of their craft [1]. Also, you can not to write and to analyze information without the participant observation. As Harvey Russell Bernard said, more and more researches these days, across the social sciences, have learned what a powerful method powerful participant observation is it all stages of the research process. The method stands on its own, but it is also increasingly part of a mixed-method strategy, as researches combine qualitative data to answer questions of interest. The ethnography produced ideas for policy recommendations and for the content for the questionnaire. The questionnaire data illuminated and validated many of the things that the ethnographer learned during participant observation [2]. Shokan Ualikhanov was the first who established in the scientific circle a new type of historic data, oral folk traditions of Kazakh and Kirgiz people. Our research was mainly based on the works of Shokan Ualikhanov. Especially, Shokan Ualikhanov's works in the history of Central Asia were widely used in the research. These are: «Zhongar features», the legend «Manas», Sh. Ualikhanov's «Khan's orders» reviewed by Berezin I.N., «The remains of shamanism in Kazakhstan», «Kazakh genealogy», «Six spheres or Chinese province Nan-Lu (Small Bukhariya) about the life in six eastern towns between 1858 and 1859». Certainly, Shokan left works connected with the present time and we only worked by analyzing his works.

This paper explores " Ata Zhol, " a spiritual trend. Shamans (sunkars and akkus) have been mediat... more This paper explores " Ata Zhol, " a spiritual trend. Shamans (sunkars and akkus) have been mediators between disappointed spirits (aruaks) and people. They have given a blessing (bata) from a spirit to a person, have healed and brought people to sacred places. Sufis established a tradition of going on trips to sacred places. While Sufis were spreading Islam, they accepted ancestor worship of nomads, although Arabian Islam denies ancestor worship. Thus, shamans have been involved in the revival of Folk Islam, Kazakh Islam or Sufi Islam. Shamans of the " Ata Zhol " are not traditional shamans (baksy). In contrast to traditional shamans, they are not connected with the lower level of spirits (water, woods, jins or Albasty). They can give bata, keeping clarity of mind (not faint and do not roll eyes). In addition, there is a revival of spiritism at a personal level, because participants cannot deny all the words of shamans.