Michael Goodstadt | University of Toronto (original) (raw)
Papers by Michael Goodstadt
This section of The IDM Manual contains on the IDM in action. Note that formatting in reports is ... more This section of The IDM Manual contains on the IDM in action. Note that formatting in reports is as close to the original formatting provided by presenters as possible. A list of reports included in this section follows: Report on the English- and French-language activity timeline related to the IDM/MDI presented as part of a poster display at the Workshop on the Canadian Best Practices System for Chronic Disease Prevention in March 2005. Reports at the Best Practices Project Annual Stakeholder Meetings from sites who participated in the original pilot testing of the IDM Framework (reporting March 2000 and 2001) and/or in the "Bridging the Gap Between Research and Practice" project (reporting March 2002). Some of these sites also reported in September 2004 at the session on Best Practices at Home and Abroad. These sites included: East End Community Health Centre; Brant Community Health Care System/The Willett Hospital; Durham Region Health Department; Peterborough County-City Health Unit; Sudbury and District Health Unit; West Hill Community Services; Womankind Addiction Services; Access Alliance Multicultural Community Health Centre. Report at the 2002 Annual Stakeholder Meeting from a project which used the IDM Framework independently of the Best Practices Project to review primary prevention interventions for type 2 diabetes. Report on the use of the IDM by the Association des communautes francophone de lOntario - Toronto at the 2004 session. (excerpt)
PubMed, 1985
"Peer pressure" and "everyone is doing it" have been used as excuses for some drug-taking behavio... more "Peer pressure" and "everyone is doing it" have been used as excuses for some drug-taking behavior for too long. We must look harder into reasons for drug use and neither accept these concepts nor teach our young people that this is what is really happening.
Journal of studies on alcohol, Nov 1, 1982
Sv•i•i^aY. Monitoring of three television stations representing the three major neworks was perfo... more Sv•i•i^aY. Monitoring of three television stations representing the three major neworks was performed to analyze the frequency that alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages were used or referred to, including differences between types of programs, time of day, networks, and programs and advertisements.
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe eBooks, 2001
Routledge eBooks, Jul 9, 2019
Evidence is frequently cited that purports to show that drug education has been counterproductive... more Evidence is frequently cited that purports to show that drug education has been counterproductive. A review is made of all available (i.e. fifteen) studies reporting "negative" effects of such programs. Results, while not numerous, show both negative attitudinal and behavioral effects, usually in combination with other positive program effects. Discussion of the findings include both program and research implications. PROBLEMS OF DEFINITION Concern with the negative consequences of drug education assumes an understanding of "negative," and by implication "positive," in this context, which, in turn, depends upon: 1. the intended outcomes; 2. the priorities of
Routledge eBooks, Jul 9, 2019
A great many films have been made that deal with all aspects of drugs, their use and abuse. Some ... more A great many films have been made that deal with all aspects of drugs, their use and abuse. Some of these films are directed at young people within the school setting and are intended as part of drug education programs. Some insights as to what is happening in this specific area are discussed.
Journal of studies on alcohol, Mar 1, 1983
Journal of studies on alcohol, Jul 1, 1977
SVMMAaY. A review of studies of the effects of reducing the legal age for drinking and purchasing... more SVMMAaY. A review of studies of the effects of reducing the legal age for drinking and purchasing alcoholic beverages suggests that there are public health reasons for not introducing such changes in iurisdictions which have not alread•t done so. ONCERN HAS BEEN EXPRESSED recently about the effects of the reductions in the legal age for drinking and purchasing alcoholic beverages across North America; some of these jurisdictions (e.g., Massachusetts and Ontario) are even considering the advisability of returning to former legal age limits. Chart I shows the provinces in Canada and states in the United States which have reduced the legal purchasing age. All 10 Canadian provinces and 26 of the 50 American states have implemented age reductions, usually as part of a movement to create a single age of majority, usually 18, at which most legal rights are achieved. The trend toward reductions in the legal purchasing age began in 1970, since when a number of preliminary studies have been undertaken to examine some of the consequences of the changes. Many of these studies were conducted without adequate comparison or control groups; some were, of necessity, conducted with haste because of lack of warning about forthcoming changes in the law; several had to rely on post hoc analyses with or without the advantages of data extending over a long time period before and after changes in the law. The purposes of the present article are to review the empirical research related to the changes in the alcohol-purchasing age and to indicate what consequences have so
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) CI This document has been reproduced as received ... more EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) CI This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. CI Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality.
... Centres and other social and health agencies (Nobody's Perfect Parenting Education Assoc... more ... Centres and other social and health agencies (Nobody's Perfect Parenting Education Association of Ontario ... Both these measures are being used in the National Longitudinal Survey of Children. ... was sent to three Nobody's Perfect facilitators from the Ontario Nobody's Perfect ...
Journal of studies on alcohol, Mar 1, 1982
Su•a•aaRY. Alcohol education programs given to students in grades 7-10 improved their knowledge a... more Su•a•aaRY. Alcohol education programs given to students in grades 7-10 improved their knowledge about alcohol, had mixed e]]ects on their attitudes about alcohol, produced decreases in their alcohol use and produced predictions o] less ]uture alcohol use. HE FOCUS, objectives and form of North American alcoho education have changed with passing decades but only minimal research (e.g., 1, 2) has been undertaken to assess the impact of these efforts. Williams et al. (3) found that experimental subjects' knowledge about alcohol consistently improved; that their change in attitude toward drinking was significant at the one-month posttest, but not after 12 months; and that changes in their drinking patterns were complex, suggesting that "while slightly more experimental than control subjects got intoxicated, it appears that the program discouraged teenagers from becoming intoxicated often" (p. 701). Goodstadt et al. (4) experimentally evaluated three approaches to alcohol education: (1) an information and cognitive program, (2) a decision-making program and (3) a values-clarification program. Results showed that the information and cognitive program was the most positively evaluated, only the information and cognitive program showed significantly improved alcohol-related knowledge, only correlational program effects were detected on measures of attitude, and students receiving the information and cognitive program reported more frequent alcohol use in the 6 months prior to the follow-up assessment than did those students in the control group. However, those in the information and cognitive group expected to use alcohol less in the future. A recent review of 21 alcoholism prevention programs funded by the U.S. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (5) found great difficulty in obtaining evaluative data from all programs, a complete absence of true experimental designs, and
Through the use of a pre-post-test control group design we have been able to arrive at some valid... more Through the use of a pre-post-test control group design we have been able to arrive at some valid assessments of the effectiveness of the different components of our drinking-driving campaign. There was some measure of success. The campaign was effective in increasing the number of people who reported not driving home when they were drunk; it informed people of the maximum legal blood alcohol level, and that jail was a possible penalty of drinking and driving; and it increased the number of conversations about drinking and driving. By using two groups of 9 cities each, distributed over the most highly populated areas of Ontario, we managed to avoid the problem of historical and seasonal effects which often plague evaluative attempts. Other aspects of our particular pre-test/post-test control group design eliminated the common problems of pre-test sensitization, instrumentation effects, and lack of homogeneity among survey samples. The success attained in developing effective traffic...
Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1978
SVMMXaY. Approximately half of all respondents surveyed in Ontario are satisfied with current pri... more SVMMXaY. Approximately half of all respondents surveyed in Ontario are satisfied with current pricing of alcoholic beverages, and approximately two-thirds of all drinkers surveyed would pay more if higher prices would help reduce the prevalence of alcoholism. Recently there has been considerable interest in the use of price controls to decrease per capita consumption of alcoholic beverages (e.g., 1). 2 Such controls are advocated by persons associated with the "distribution" model for preventing alcohol problems (e.g., 1, 2). A recent influential report by Bruun et al. (3) concluded that "From the standpoint of price effects, alcoholic beverages generally behave like other commodities; a rise in alcohol prices leads to a decrease in alcohol consumption" (p. 90). Politicians and others with the power to change alcohol policies have been reluctant to bring about large increases in the prices of alcoholic beverages or to tie them to the cost of living. In Ontario, politicians and others often attribute this reluctance to "public opinion." Apparently, no sophisticated studies of public attitudes toward the pricing of alcoholic beverages have been conducted. The purpose of this bricf report is to present data from a study of these attitudes. Efforts were made to identify the segments of the population most and least in favor of such increascs. However, it is not the purpose of this report to argue the merits of price controls versus other means of reducing alcohol consumption. METHOD Sampling. Using a 3-stage sampling procedure, the 3 stages being electoral districts, census enumeration areas and households, the York University Survey Research Centre drew a probability sample of all persons aged 18 or • From the Addiction Research Foundation,
Health Education & Behavior, 1978
Knowledge-attitude-behavior and values-based models are analyzed with regard to their application... more Knowledge-attitude-behavior and values-based models are analyzed with regard to their application to development and evaluation of drug education programs; theoretical problems of these models are identified. The experimental evidence regarding the application of these models to drug education is reviewed. Recommendations are made concerning theoretical, programming, and research implications for drug education and for health education in general.
American Journal of Health Promotion, 1986
This section of The IDM Manual contains on the IDM in action. Note that formatting in reports is ... more This section of The IDM Manual contains on the IDM in action. Note that formatting in reports is as close to the original formatting provided by presenters as possible. A list of reports included in this section follows: Report on the English- and French-language activity timeline related to the IDM/MDI presented as part of a poster display at the Workshop on the Canadian Best Practices System for Chronic Disease Prevention in March 2005. Reports at the Best Practices Project Annual Stakeholder Meetings from sites who participated in the original pilot testing of the IDM Framework (reporting March 2000 and 2001) and/or in the "Bridging the Gap Between Research and Practice" project (reporting March 2002). Some of these sites also reported in September 2004 at the session on Best Practices at Home and Abroad. These sites included: East End Community Health Centre; Brant Community Health Care System/The Willett Hospital; Durham Region Health Department; Peterborough County-City Health Unit; Sudbury and District Health Unit; West Hill Community Services; Womankind Addiction Services; Access Alliance Multicultural Community Health Centre. Report at the 2002 Annual Stakeholder Meeting from a project which used the IDM Framework independently of the Best Practices Project to review primary prevention interventions for type 2 diabetes. Report on the use of the IDM by the Association des communautes francophone de lOntario - Toronto at the 2004 session. (excerpt)
PubMed, 1985
"Peer pressure" and "everyone is doing it" have been used as excuses for some drug-taking behavio... more "Peer pressure" and "everyone is doing it" have been used as excuses for some drug-taking behavior for too long. We must look harder into reasons for drug use and neither accept these concepts nor teach our young people that this is what is really happening.
Journal of studies on alcohol, Nov 1, 1982
Sv•i•i^aY. Monitoring of three television stations representing the three major neworks was perfo... more Sv•i•i^aY. Monitoring of three television stations representing the three major neworks was performed to analyze the frequency that alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages were used or referred to, including differences between types of programs, time of day, networks, and programs and advertisements.
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe eBooks, 2001
Routledge eBooks, Jul 9, 2019
Evidence is frequently cited that purports to show that drug education has been counterproductive... more Evidence is frequently cited that purports to show that drug education has been counterproductive. A review is made of all available (i.e. fifteen) studies reporting "negative" effects of such programs. Results, while not numerous, show both negative attitudinal and behavioral effects, usually in combination with other positive program effects. Discussion of the findings include both program and research implications. PROBLEMS OF DEFINITION Concern with the negative consequences of drug education assumes an understanding of "negative," and by implication "positive," in this context, which, in turn, depends upon: 1. the intended outcomes; 2. the priorities of
Routledge eBooks, Jul 9, 2019
A great many films have been made that deal with all aspects of drugs, their use and abuse. Some ... more A great many films have been made that deal with all aspects of drugs, their use and abuse. Some of these films are directed at young people within the school setting and are intended as part of drug education programs. Some insights as to what is happening in this specific area are discussed.
Journal of studies on alcohol, Mar 1, 1983
Journal of studies on alcohol, Jul 1, 1977
SVMMAaY. A review of studies of the effects of reducing the legal age for drinking and purchasing... more SVMMAaY. A review of studies of the effects of reducing the legal age for drinking and purchasing alcoholic beverages suggests that there are public health reasons for not introducing such changes in iurisdictions which have not alread•t done so. ONCERN HAS BEEN EXPRESSED recently about the effects of the reductions in the legal age for drinking and purchasing alcoholic beverages across North America; some of these jurisdictions (e.g., Massachusetts and Ontario) are even considering the advisability of returning to former legal age limits. Chart I shows the provinces in Canada and states in the United States which have reduced the legal purchasing age. All 10 Canadian provinces and 26 of the 50 American states have implemented age reductions, usually as part of a movement to create a single age of majority, usually 18, at which most legal rights are achieved. The trend toward reductions in the legal purchasing age began in 1970, since when a number of preliminary studies have been undertaken to examine some of the consequences of the changes. Many of these studies were conducted without adequate comparison or control groups; some were, of necessity, conducted with haste because of lack of warning about forthcoming changes in the law; several had to rely on post hoc analyses with or without the advantages of data extending over a long time period before and after changes in the law. The purposes of the present article are to review the empirical research related to the changes in the alcohol-purchasing age and to indicate what consequences have so
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) CI This document has been reproduced as received ... more EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) CI This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. CI Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality.
... Centres and other social and health agencies (Nobody's Perfect Parenting Education Assoc... more ... Centres and other social and health agencies (Nobody's Perfect Parenting Education Association of Ontario ... Both these measures are being used in the National Longitudinal Survey of Children. ... was sent to three Nobody's Perfect facilitators from the Ontario Nobody's Perfect ...
Journal of studies on alcohol, Mar 1, 1982
Su•a•aaRY. Alcohol education programs given to students in grades 7-10 improved their knowledge a... more Su•a•aaRY. Alcohol education programs given to students in grades 7-10 improved their knowledge about alcohol, had mixed e]]ects on their attitudes about alcohol, produced decreases in their alcohol use and produced predictions o] less ]uture alcohol use. HE FOCUS, objectives and form of North American alcoho education have changed with passing decades but only minimal research (e.g., 1, 2) has been undertaken to assess the impact of these efforts. Williams et al. (3) found that experimental subjects' knowledge about alcohol consistently improved; that their change in attitude toward drinking was significant at the one-month posttest, but not after 12 months; and that changes in their drinking patterns were complex, suggesting that "while slightly more experimental than control subjects got intoxicated, it appears that the program discouraged teenagers from becoming intoxicated often" (p. 701). Goodstadt et al. (4) experimentally evaluated three approaches to alcohol education: (1) an information and cognitive program, (2) a decision-making program and (3) a values-clarification program. Results showed that the information and cognitive program was the most positively evaluated, only the information and cognitive program showed significantly improved alcohol-related knowledge, only correlational program effects were detected on measures of attitude, and students receiving the information and cognitive program reported more frequent alcohol use in the 6 months prior to the follow-up assessment than did those students in the control group. However, those in the information and cognitive group expected to use alcohol less in the future. A recent review of 21 alcoholism prevention programs funded by the U.S. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (5) found great difficulty in obtaining evaluative data from all programs, a complete absence of true experimental designs, and
Through the use of a pre-post-test control group design we have been able to arrive at some valid... more Through the use of a pre-post-test control group design we have been able to arrive at some valid assessments of the effectiveness of the different components of our drinking-driving campaign. There was some measure of success. The campaign was effective in increasing the number of people who reported not driving home when they were drunk; it informed people of the maximum legal blood alcohol level, and that jail was a possible penalty of drinking and driving; and it increased the number of conversations about drinking and driving. By using two groups of 9 cities each, distributed over the most highly populated areas of Ontario, we managed to avoid the problem of historical and seasonal effects which often plague evaluative attempts. Other aspects of our particular pre-test/post-test control group design eliminated the common problems of pre-test sensitization, instrumentation effects, and lack of homogeneity among survey samples. The success attained in developing effective traffic...
Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1978
SVMMXaY. Approximately half of all respondents surveyed in Ontario are satisfied with current pri... more SVMMXaY. Approximately half of all respondents surveyed in Ontario are satisfied with current pricing of alcoholic beverages, and approximately two-thirds of all drinkers surveyed would pay more if higher prices would help reduce the prevalence of alcoholism. Recently there has been considerable interest in the use of price controls to decrease per capita consumption of alcoholic beverages (e.g., 1). 2 Such controls are advocated by persons associated with the "distribution" model for preventing alcohol problems (e.g., 1, 2). A recent influential report by Bruun et al. (3) concluded that "From the standpoint of price effects, alcoholic beverages generally behave like other commodities; a rise in alcohol prices leads to a decrease in alcohol consumption" (p. 90). Politicians and others with the power to change alcohol policies have been reluctant to bring about large increases in the prices of alcoholic beverages or to tie them to the cost of living. In Ontario, politicians and others often attribute this reluctance to "public opinion." Apparently, no sophisticated studies of public attitudes toward the pricing of alcoholic beverages have been conducted. The purpose of this bricf report is to present data from a study of these attitudes. Efforts were made to identify the segments of the population most and least in favor of such increascs. However, it is not the purpose of this report to argue the merits of price controls versus other means of reducing alcohol consumption. METHOD Sampling. Using a 3-stage sampling procedure, the 3 stages being electoral districts, census enumeration areas and households, the York University Survey Research Centre drew a probability sample of all persons aged 18 or • From the Addiction Research Foundation,
Health Education & Behavior, 1978
Knowledge-attitude-behavior and values-based models are analyzed with regard to their application... more Knowledge-attitude-behavior and values-based models are analyzed with regard to their application to development and evaluation of drug education programs; theoretical problems of these models are identified. The experimental evidence regarding the application of these models to drug education is reviewed. Recommendations are made concerning theoretical, programming, and research implications for drug education and for health education in general.
American Journal of Health Promotion, 1986