Ashok Sivaji | Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (original) (raw)

Papers by Ashok Sivaji

Asian HCI Symposium '22

SEACHI 2022 has been conducted to bring HCI and UX leaders in Southeast Asia to discuss the curre... more SEACHI 2022 has been conducted to bring HCI and UX leaders in Southeast Asia to discuss the current state-of-the-art HCI and UX teaching, practice, and support they experience in their region. This activity aims to explore the potentials and challenges and identify the gaps amongst different sectors in different countries. Through this workshop, we will have a common understanding of what we face. It explores how we can work collaboratively to achieve a better purpose, i.e., to grow HCI and UX fields in Southeast Asia. This one-day online workshop was conducted as a collocated event of CHI 2022 and was attended by delegates from Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines. This paper is a summary of the individual papers produced by delegates. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Human computer interaction (HCI); HCI design and evaluation methods.

IEEE Conference Proceedings, 2019

... Mengadap Raja Muda Perlis, Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Tuanku Syed Faizuddin Putra Ibni TuankuSye... more ... Mengadap Raja Muda Perlis, Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Tuanku Syed Faizuddin Putra Ibni TuankuSyed Sirajuddin Jamalullail merangkap ... Sesungguhnya kehadiran Duli Tuanku berdua ke majlis ini amat besar ertinya buat kami semua, ibarat kecil tapak tangan nyiru kami ...

Asian HCI Symposium'22

This paper aims to describe how Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is taught at academic and also h... more This paper aims to describe how Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is taught at academic and also how UI-UX is practiced in industry in Malaysia by a group of panelists from HCI academic and also industry UX practitioners from Malaysia. In addition, the authors also briefly describe how HCI and UI-UX is supported at the National Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) Policy in Malaysia.

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications

Usability is an important element that enables the identification of the efficiency for applicati... more Usability is an important element that enables the identification of the efficiency for application or product. However, many applications have been developed for general users' needs and are unable to provide adequate applications usage for disabled people. This study focuses on the development of usability evaluation model and the validation process on the proposed model through experts. The developed model later evaluated by group of experts through focus group method. Focus group method enables to identify the 13 variables derived to develop the model are appropriately placed and useful in the evaluation process. The results shows that the selected variables are appropriate to identify usability of mobile application for the hearing impairment through three variables tested namely, gain satisfaction with the model, satisfaction with the model presentation, and support for tasks. Conclusively, the developed model can identify usability of mobile applications for hearing impairment and enable in identifying useful criteria to be included during application development process in real life process. As future study, the model can be tested among the hearing impairment people and practitioner to establish the results obtained which contributes to usability practitioners and application developers for the disabled.

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology

2019 IEEE Conference on Open Systems (ICOS), 2019

e-Government System and Software projects are costly. The success of projects has high impact to ... more e-Government System and Software projects are costly. The success of projects has high impact to the level of effectiveness of service delivered by government to citizens. However, poorly managed system and software requirements by project team could lead to project failures. Therefore, validation of requirements at early stages is important. The objective of this paper is to validate the Early Requirement Testing Method for e-Government projects. A ‘Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Signed-Rank Test’ was used, whereby test engineers were subjected to performing Early Requirement Testing Method across six(6) e-Government projects before and after an intervention has been introduced to the e-Government employees and the project team (Business Analyst/Requirement Engineer). Results revealed that the null hypothesis of “no statistically significant differences between employing the method in e-Government projects” can be rejected and therefore conclude that method reported was useful in reducing the requirement related defects, as the difference is negative (reduction of defects) Z= -2.892, p=0.004.

The Qualitative Report, 2021

The rapid increase of information and communications technology is manifested by its tremendous p... more The rapid increase of information and communications technology is manifested by its tremendous positive outcomes on the economy, business, and society. However, online application use by adolescents, especially mobile technology, has caused uneasiness among parents owing to cyber grooming incidents. This study reflects on the current cyber grooming situation. Investigating the current state of online grooming and the means through which parents can ensure the online safety of their adolescents from adults offering “candy” or wanting to start a relationship is necessary. Teen behavior related scholars believe that parents play a vital role in building safe environments. We conducted a qualitative study by interviewing 19 parents with children between the ages of 13 and 17 years in an urban setting to determine the level of the parents’ awareness. Interviews were conducted based on five key components, namely, social media, unknown friends, sex education, private chats, and family ti...

2017 IEEE Conference on Open Systems (ICOS), 2017

The popularity of smartphone have propelled the use of gestures via touchscreen on mobile devices... more The popularity of smartphone have propelled the use of gestures via touchscreen on mobile devices. This helps improve accessibility for the deaf users. However, there is lack of studies to understand the extent to which ‘Gesture Interaction’ is usable to the deaf community. In a previous study, a ‘gesture-specific’ heuristics model was developed for normal users. The objective of this study is to verify the ‘Gesture-Specific Heuristics’ (GSH) evaluation model with deaf users. This is achieved by performing usability testing with deaf users using a social media mobile application and measuring their feedback using satisfaction surveys. The study is facilitated by an open system hosted on the cloud. After analyzing the satisfaction survey results, it was found that the ‘gesture-specific’ heuristics model adhered to ergonomics, social acceptability, learnability, cognitive workload, and adaptability, which when combined helps improve accessibility for deaf users.

Advances in Environmental Biology, 2015

Article history: Background: An artefact usage experience is able to provide a tremendous input o... more Article history: Background: An artefact usage experience is able to provide a tremendous input on behavioural research. This paper presents about a computational methodology of eye tracking to lead designers and behavioural researchers to construct an effective procedure ensuring the excavation of user knowledge. Objectives: Our research highlights the potential for designers and behavioural researchers on using eye tracking test on for capturing user"s knowledge of functional aesthetic as cognitive and behavioural ergonomic data for the said artefacts. The eye tracking instrument was introduced to capture the aesthetic experience knowledge of Malay cultural artefact for defining artefact behavioural experience (usage) based on the user"s eye movements. Results: Results from a qualitative case study was performed demonstrated the use of eye tracking on studying the traditional Malay curvy weapon known as Lawi Ayam through the identification of the syntactic properties. Re...

For the Sustainable Development Goal measure of Quality Education, the 2019 Global Education Moni... more For the Sustainable Development Goal measure of Quality Education, the 2019 Global Education Monitoring Report by UNESCO highlighted that there are a limited set of measures to monitor digital literacy skills as compared to financial literacy skills. Furthermore, the United Nation’s International Telecommunication Union report shows that across countries, digital skills such as programming skills remains unpopular. Understanding this challenge, the researchers from MIMOS Berhad, Malaysia propose that Independent Verification & Validation (IV&V) Software Testing skill be measured by UNESCO as it is a natural progression in terms of skills enhancements towards programming skills. In partnership with the Ministry of Entrepreneur Development, MIMOS Berhad designed a practical oriented fundamental IV&V Software Testing syllabus for Malaysian working in Small and Medium Enterprise and conducted a training. As a measure of digital literacy skills, a statistically significant improvement fr...

2013 10th International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations, 2013

Customer"s perceived trust towards an e-commerce website is crucial for the success of online bus... more Customer"s perceived trust towards an e-commerce website is crucial for the success of online business. Effective design of web interfaces increases perceived trust of customers. Given many associated usability issues when performing tasks on a website, it is important for technopreneurs embarking on online business to understand issues related to usability problems of an e-commerce website and the techniques to identify these issues. In this study, usability evaluation was performed on an online gift shop with a group of potential consumers with age range of 18-22. Four different evaluation methods were used: Feedback Capture after Task (FCAT), Retrospective Think Aloud (RTA), Retrospective Think Aloud with Eye Movement (RTE) and observation. This study reveals that the major defects found were language and content, user guidance and support, flexibility and control, and visual clarity. Therefore, this study suggest that applying good user interface design could provide better user experience and thus increase perceived trust and user satisfaction towards the website.

Jurnal Teknologi, 2015

There is a need for Malay cultural product knowledge preservation with the convergence of human s... more There is a need for Malay cultural product knowledge preservation with the convergence of human science to establish the product knowledge development in innovative culture environment in Malaysia. The study uses eye tracking test to understand the user’s cognition and eye behaviour towards the syntactic elements of the cultural artefact (Lawi Ayam – LA) using pre-existent experience. This study was conducted to evaluate the artefact effectiveness and usage efficiency through design preference. Findings from eye tracking were used to analyse the element in LA artefact that attracts the user attention using the time of first fixation and location of fixations. We concluded that the engrossed area of 3 syntactical components; 1) hilt, 2) blade, 3) sheath, revealed the factors of ergonomic rapport, anatomical, physical measurement and multi-material usage to obtain results on design preference and artefact effectiveness. We also found that pre-existent experience was recalled and mani...

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013

Failing to elicit comprehensive requirements before developing a product can result in poor uptak... more Failing to elicit comprehensive requirements before developing a product can result in poor uptake and wasted efforts in development. One way to overcome this is to apply user centered design and participatory methods in requirement gathering. This study aims to understand, enhance and automate some of the work practices via the extension of development of a tool called URANUS. Based on the prioritized requirements gathered, the URANUS was enhanced which resulted in the successful completion of four case studies. Additionally, the enhancement and automation of the work practices resulted in significant time savings for the primary, secondary and indirect users.

Current Trends in Eye Tracking Research, 2013

This chapter is based on a research conducted that involves usability testing on websites perform... more This chapter is based on a research conducted that involves usability testing on websites performed on a target audience that are multilingual (English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil). If a study is carried out without an eye tracker, the moderator has to rely on the think-aloud (TA) feedback and the notes captured by the usability analyst. Moreover, it has been found that using TA technique alone may not be suitable and reliable in usability studies in Malaysia whereby there exists high power distance (Hofstede’s model). With the eye tracker, the usability practitioner can now complement the TA feedback with one of the human biometric feature, which in this case is the user’s eye. This increases the data integrity obtained from all users. Using a combination of visualisation and analysis tools from the Tobii Studio such as cluster plot and gaze data, areas of high concentration in a web interface could be revealed. Based on the marked areas of interest (AOI), descriptive statistics such as fixation count, fixation duration, time to first fixation and mouse click-related data were used to correlate with the data obtained from the TA protocol. For instance, the consistent results from the TA and eye tracking enabled the moderator to conclude that one website had more efficient navigation strategy than other. There was a significant correlation and consistency between the TA feedback and the eye-tracking analysis. This enabled the usability analyst to present the findings with visual, audio and statistical evidence, eventually increasing the persuasive power towards the design and development team to implement changes. The findings of this study challenges the recruitment criteria spelt out in user experience (UX) studies today which limits the subjects to the language of the website being tested.

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013

2014 International Conference on Computer and Information Sciences (ICCOINS), 2014

M-Commerce is expected to play an even larger role, with over half a billion customers following ... more M-Commerce is expected to play an even larger role, with over half a billion customers following the trend to shop via mobile devices by 2016. According to the Malaysian Ministry of Tourism and Culture, tourism has been identified as one of the twelve National Key Economic Area to drive the country's growth. This gave rise to this research objective which is to determine the attention ranking of Malaysians while booking a hotel using a mobile devise. Lab Based Usability Testing with eye tracking technology was carried out with Malaysians to achieve this objective. Results revealed that Malaysian are highly attracted to both the “booking” and “price” information, followed by the “ratings”, “introduction” and lastly the “title” of the hotel, which is in contrast to other countries.

2014 3rd International Conference on User Science and Engineering (i-USEr), 2014

Online purchasing has been a marketing phenomenon in Malaysia. However, not many ophthalmic and o... more Online purchasing has been a marketing phenomenon in Malaysia. However, not many ophthalmic and optical retailers utilize online marketing as opposed to the traditional method as a platform to market their products, such as sunglasses, ophthalmic frames or other optical aids. Retailers need to strategies in showcasing products by establishing factors attentive to their targeted customers. Analysis with an eye tracker is useful to determine the contributing factors to where customers look during selection of products online. The study aimed to determine the factors contributed when selecting sunglasses online. In this study, 23 undergraduate students (18-25 years) participated and were asked to choose the most preferred sunglasses from a selection of stimuli. During the selection process, the eye tracker captured the objective responses, i.e. eye movement. The relationship between time to first fixation and fixation duration recorded on selection factors such as shape attributes, price and brand were studied using the eye tracker (quantitative data) and were correlated with the heat maps data (qualitative data). The findings showed that the participants look at the sunglasses attributes significantly more (p>0.05) than other factors (brand and price). Generally, sunglasses attributes such as shape and color play an important role in participant's selection behaviors on the online purchasing system.

Asian HCI Symposium '22

IEEE Conference Proceedings, 2019

Asian HCI Symposium'22

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology

2019 IEEE Conference on Open Systems (ICOS), 2019

The Qualitative Report, 2021

2017 IEEE Conference on Open Systems (ICOS), 2017

Advances in Environmental Biology, 2015

2013 10th International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations, 2013

Jurnal Teknologi, 2015

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013

Current Trends in Eye Tracking Research, 2013

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013

2014 International Conference on Computer and Information Sciences (ICCOINS), 2014

2014 3rd International Conference on User Science and Engineering (i-USEr), 2014

The usability movement has historically always sought to empower end-users of computers, so that ... more The usability movement has historically always sought to empower end-users of computers, so that they understand what is happening and can control the outcome. In this paper, we develop and evaluate a ‘Textual feedback’ tool for usability and UX evaluation that can be used to empower well-educated, but low-status, users in UX evaluations in countries and contexts with high power distances. The proposed tool contributes to the HCI community’s pool of localized UX evaluation tools. We evaluate the tool with 40 users from two socio-economic groups in real-life UX usability evaluations setting in Malaysia. The results indicate that the Textual Feedback tool may help participants to give their thoughts in UX evaluation in high power distance contexts. In particular, the Textual Feedback tool helps high status females and low status males express more UX problems than they can do with traditional CTA alone. We found that classic concurrent think aloud UX evaluation works fine in high power contexts, but only with the addition of Textual feedback to mitigate the effects of socio-economic status in certain user groups. We suggest that future research on UX evaluation look more into how to empower certain user groups, such as low status female users, in UX evaluations done in high power distance contexts.

Background: An artefact usage experience is able to provide a tremendous input on behavioural res... more Background: An artefact usage experience is able to provide a tremendous input on behavioural research. This paper presents about a computational methodology of eye tracking to lead designers and behavioural researchers to construct an effective procedure ensuring the excavation of user knowledge.

e-Government System and Software projects are costly. The success of projects has high impact to ... more e-Government System and Software projects are costly. The success of projects has high impact to the level of effectiveness of service delivered by government to citizens. However, poorly managed system and software requirements by project team could lead to project failures. Therefore, validation of requirements at early stages is important. The objective of this paper is to validate the Early Requirement Testing Method for e-Government projects. A 'Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Signed-Rank Test' was used, whereby test engineers were subjected to performing Early Requirement Testing Method across six(6) e-Government projects before and after an intervention has been introduced to the e-Government employees and the project team (Business Analyst/Requirement Engineer). Results revealed that the null hypothesis of "no statistically significant differences between employing the method in e-Government projects" can be rejected and therefore conclude that method reported was useful in reducing the requirement related defects, as the difference is negative (reduction of defects) Z=-2.892, p=0.004.