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Papers by Md. Abul Kalam

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Energies, 2020

This research work focuses on investigating the lubricity and analyzing the engine characteristic... more This research work focuses on investigating the lubricity and analyzing the engine characteristics of diesel-biodiesel blends with fuel additives (titanium dioxide (TiO2) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC)) and their effect on the tribological properties of a mineral lubricant. A blend of palm-sesame oil was used to produce biodiesel using ultrasound-assisted transesterification. B30 (30% biodiesel + 70% diesel) fuel was selected as the base fuel. The additives used in the current study to prepare ternary fuel blends were TiO2 and DMC. B30 + TiO2 showed a significant reduction of 6.72% in the coefficient of friction (COF) compared to B30. B10 (Malaysian commercial diesel) exhibited very poor lubricity and COF among all tested fuels. Both ternary fuel blends showed a promising reduction in wear rate. All contaminated lubricant samples showed an increment in COF due to the dilution of combustible fuels. Lub + B10 (lubricant + B10) showed the highest increment of 42.29% in COF among all contaminated lubricant samples. B30 + TiO2 showed the maximum reduction (6.76%) in brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC). B30 + DMC showed the maximum increment (8.01%) in brake thermal efficiency (BTE). B30 + DMC exhibited a considerable decline of 32.09% and 25.4% in CO and HC emissions, respectively. The B30 + TiO2 fuel blend showed better lubricity and a significant improvement in engine characteristics.

Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, 2017

Energies

The corrosiveness of biodiesel affects the fuel processing infrastructure and different parts of ... more The corrosiveness of biodiesel affects the fuel processing infrastructure and different parts of an internal combustion (IC) engine. The present study investigates the corrosion behaviour of automotive materials such as stainless steel, aluminium, cast iron, and copper in 20% (B20) and 30% (B30) by volume second-generation Jatropha biodiesel using an immersion test. The results were compared with petro-diesel (B0). Various fuel properties such as the viscosity, density, water content, total acid number (TAN), and oxidation stability were investigated after the immersion test using ASTM D341, ASTM D975, ASTM D445, and ASTM D6751 standards. The morphology of the corroded materials was investigated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy SEM), whereas the elemental analysis was carried out using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The highest corrosion using biodiesel was detected in copper, while the lowest was detected in stainless steel. Using B20, the rate...

Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) is common among all age groups, especially in elderly and pe... more Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) is common among all age groups, especially in elderly and pediatrics. Mouth dissolving tablets constitute an innovative dosage forms that overcome the problems of swallowing and provides a quick onset of action. The purpose of this study was to formulate and evaluate mouth dissolving tablet of loratadine using a special preparation technology (pharmaburst Technology) with a super disintegrating agent (Croscarmellose sodium). Tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. The granules were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, bulkiness, compressibility index and hausners ratio. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, thickness, uniformity of weight, friability, wetting time, water absorption ratio, disintegration time and drug content. In vitro release studies were performed using USP-II (paddle method) in 900ml of pH 1.2 at 50rpm. The physical properties of the prepared tablets did not show any significant variati...

Materials, 2021

The environmental concerns associated with artificially formulated engine oils have forced a shif... more The environmental concerns associated with artificially formulated engine oils have forced a shift towards bio-based lubricants. The deposition of hard coatings on engine components and migrating to environmentally friendly green lubricants can help in this regard. Chemically modified forms of vegetable oils, with better low-temperature characteristics and enhanced thermo-oxidative stability, are suitable substitutes to conventional lubricant base oils. The research presented in this manuscript was undertaken to experimentally investigate the wear and friction performance of a possible future generation of an environmentally friendly bio-based lubricant as a potential replacement for conventional engine lubricants. In order to quantify the tribological benefits which can be gained by the deposition of DLC coatings, (an (a-C:H) hydrogenated DLC coating and an (a-C:H:W) tungsten-doped DLC coating) were applied on the cam/tappet interface of a direct acting valve train assembly of an i...

Coatings, 2021

In this study, the effect of a thermal barrier coating with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and ... more In this study, the effect of a thermal barrier coating with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and aluminum silicate (Al2O3·SiO2) alongside an NiCrAl bond coat on the engine performance and emission analysis was evaluated by using conventional diesel and pure palm oil biodiesel. These materials were coated on the piston alloy via plasma spray coating. The findings demonstrated that YSZ coating presented better engine performances, in terms of brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for both fuels. The piston with YSZ coating materials achieved the highest BTE (15.94% for diesel, 14.55% for biodiesel) and lowest BSFC (498.96 g/kWh for diesel, 619.81 g/kWh for biodiesel). However, Al2O3·SiO2 coatings indicated better emission with lowest emissions of NO, CO, and CO2 for both diesel and biodiesel. For the uncoated piston, the results indicated that the engine clocked the highest torque and power, especially on diesel fuel due to the high viscosity and lo...

Sustainability, 2020

Rapid depletion in fossil fuels, inflation in petroleum prices, and rising energy demand have for... more Rapid depletion in fossil fuels, inflation in petroleum prices, and rising energy demand have forced towards alternative transport fuels. Among these alternative fuels, diesel-ethanol and diesel-biodiesel blends gain the most attention due to their quality characteristics and environmentally friendly nature. The viscosity and density of these biodiesel blends are slightly higher than diesel, which is a significant barrier to the commercialization of biodiesel. In this study, the density and viscosity of 30 different ternary biodiesel blends was investigated at 15 °С and 40 °С, respectively. Different density and viscosity models were developed and tested on biodiesel blends soured from different feedstock’s including palm, coconut, soybean, mustard, and calophyllum oils. The prognostic ability and precisions of these developed models was assessed statistically using Absolute Percentage Error (APE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The MAPE of 0.045% and 0.085% for density m...

Sustainability, 2021

The prevailing massive exploitation of conventional fuels has staked the energy accessibility to ... more The prevailing massive exploitation of conventional fuels has staked the energy accessibility to future generations. The gloomy peril of inflated demand and depleting fuel reservoirs in the energy sector has supposedly instigated the urgent need for reliable alternative fuels. These very issues have been addressed by introducing oxyhydrogen gas (HHO) in compression ignition (CI) engines in various flow rates with diesel for assessing brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE). The enrichment of neat diesel fuel with 10 dm3/min of HHO resulted in the most substantial decrease in BSFC and improved BTE at all test speeds in the range of 1000–2200 rpm. Moreover, an Artificial Intelligence (AI) approach was employed for designing an ANN performance-predicting model with an engine operating on HHO. The correlation coefficients (R) of BSFC and BTE given by the ANN predicting model were 0.99764 and 0.99902, respectively. The mean root errors (MRE) of both para...

Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2021

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Energies, 2020

This research work focuses on investigating the lubricity and analyzing the engine characteristic... more This research work focuses on investigating the lubricity and analyzing the engine characteristics of diesel-biodiesel blends with fuel additives (titanium dioxide (TiO2) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC)) and their effect on the tribological properties of a mineral lubricant. A blend of palm-sesame oil was used to produce biodiesel using ultrasound-assisted transesterification. B30 (30% biodiesel + 70% diesel) fuel was selected as the base fuel. The additives used in the current study to prepare ternary fuel blends were TiO2 and DMC. B30 + TiO2 showed a significant reduction of 6.72% in the coefficient of friction (COF) compared to B30. B10 (Malaysian commercial diesel) exhibited very poor lubricity and COF among all tested fuels. Both ternary fuel blends showed a promising reduction in wear rate. All contaminated lubricant samples showed an increment in COF due to the dilution of combustible fuels. Lub + B10 (lubricant + B10) showed the highest increment of 42.29% in COF among all contaminated lubricant samples. B30 + TiO2 showed the maximum reduction (6.76%) in brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC). B30 + DMC showed the maximum increment (8.01%) in brake thermal efficiency (BTE). B30 + DMC exhibited a considerable decline of 32.09% and 25.4% in CO and HC emissions, respectively. The B30 + TiO2 fuel blend showed better lubricity and a significant improvement in engine characteristics.

Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, 2017

Energies

The corrosiveness of biodiesel affects the fuel processing infrastructure and different parts of ... more The corrosiveness of biodiesel affects the fuel processing infrastructure and different parts of an internal combustion (IC) engine. The present study investigates the corrosion behaviour of automotive materials such as stainless steel, aluminium, cast iron, and copper in 20% (B20) and 30% (B30) by volume second-generation Jatropha biodiesel using an immersion test. The results were compared with petro-diesel (B0). Various fuel properties such as the viscosity, density, water content, total acid number (TAN), and oxidation stability were investigated after the immersion test using ASTM D341, ASTM D975, ASTM D445, and ASTM D6751 standards. The morphology of the corroded materials was investigated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy SEM), whereas the elemental analysis was carried out using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The highest corrosion using biodiesel was detected in copper, while the lowest was detected in stainless steel. Using B20, the rate...

Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) is common among all age groups, especially in elderly and pe... more Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) is common among all age groups, especially in elderly and pediatrics. Mouth dissolving tablets constitute an innovative dosage forms that overcome the problems of swallowing and provides a quick onset of action. The purpose of this study was to formulate and evaluate mouth dissolving tablet of loratadine using a special preparation technology (pharmaburst Technology) with a super disintegrating agent (Croscarmellose sodium). Tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. The granules were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, bulkiness, compressibility index and hausners ratio. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, thickness, uniformity of weight, friability, wetting time, water absorption ratio, disintegration time and drug content. In vitro release studies were performed using USP-II (paddle method) in 900ml of pH 1.2 at 50rpm. The physical properties of the prepared tablets did not show any significant variati...

Materials, 2021

The environmental concerns associated with artificially formulated engine oils have forced a shif... more The environmental concerns associated with artificially formulated engine oils have forced a shift towards bio-based lubricants. The deposition of hard coatings on engine components and migrating to environmentally friendly green lubricants can help in this regard. Chemically modified forms of vegetable oils, with better low-temperature characteristics and enhanced thermo-oxidative stability, are suitable substitutes to conventional lubricant base oils. The research presented in this manuscript was undertaken to experimentally investigate the wear and friction performance of a possible future generation of an environmentally friendly bio-based lubricant as a potential replacement for conventional engine lubricants. In order to quantify the tribological benefits which can be gained by the deposition of DLC coatings, (an (a-C:H) hydrogenated DLC coating and an (a-C:H:W) tungsten-doped DLC coating) were applied on the cam/tappet interface of a direct acting valve train assembly of an i...

Coatings, 2021

In this study, the effect of a thermal barrier coating with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and ... more In this study, the effect of a thermal barrier coating with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and aluminum silicate (Al2O3·SiO2) alongside an NiCrAl bond coat on the engine performance and emission analysis was evaluated by using conventional diesel and pure palm oil biodiesel. These materials were coated on the piston alloy via plasma spray coating. The findings demonstrated that YSZ coating presented better engine performances, in terms of brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for both fuels. The piston with YSZ coating materials achieved the highest BTE (15.94% for diesel, 14.55% for biodiesel) and lowest BSFC (498.96 g/kWh for diesel, 619.81 g/kWh for biodiesel). However, Al2O3·SiO2 coatings indicated better emission with lowest emissions of NO, CO, and CO2 for both diesel and biodiesel. For the uncoated piston, the results indicated that the engine clocked the highest torque and power, especially on diesel fuel due to the high viscosity and lo...

Sustainability, 2020

Rapid depletion in fossil fuels, inflation in petroleum prices, and rising energy demand have for... more Rapid depletion in fossil fuels, inflation in petroleum prices, and rising energy demand have forced towards alternative transport fuels. Among these alternative fuels, diesel-ethanol and diesel-biodiesel blends gain the most attention due to their quality characteristics and environmentally friendly nature. The viscosity and density of these biodiesel blends are slightly higher than diesel, which is a significant barrier to the commercialization of biodiesel. In this study, the density and viscosity of 30 different ternary biodiesel blends was investigated at 15 °С and 40 °С, respectively. Different density and viscosity models were developed and tested on biodiesel blends soured from different feedstock’s including palm, coconut, soybean, mustard, and calophyllum oils. The prognostic ability and precisions of these developed models was assessed statistically using Absolute Percentage Error (APE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The MAPE of 0.045% and 0.085% for density m...

Sustainability, 2021

The prevailing massive exploitation of conventional fuels has staked the energy accessibility to ... more The prevailing massive exploitation of conventional fuels has staked the energy accessibility to future generations. The gloomy peril of inflated demand and depleting fuel reservoirs in the energy sector has supposedly instigated the urgent need for reliable alternative fuels. These very issues have been addressed by introducing oxyhydrogen gas (HHO) in compression ignition (CI) engines in various flow rates with diesel for assessing brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE). The enrichment of neat diesel fuel with 10 dm3/min of HHO resulted in the most substantial decrease in BSFC and improved BTE at all test speeds in the range of 1000–2200 rpm. Moreover, an Artificial Intelligence (AI) approach was employed for designing an ANN performance-predicting model with an engine operating on HHO. The correlation coefficients (R) of BSFC and BTE given by the ANN predicting model were 0.99764 and 0.99902, respectively. The mean root errors (MRE) of both para...

Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2021

We have published the following tles in ISI Q1/Q2 journals. (Anybody can download from webofscien... more We have published the following tles in ISI Q1/Q2 journals. (Anybody can download from webofscience.com) 1) An overview on compara ve engine performance and emission characteris cs of different techniques involved in diesel engine as dual-fuel engine opera on 2) Alterna ve fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from marine transport and promote UN sustainable development goals 3) Inves ga on of ternary blends of animal fat biodiesel-diethyl ether-diesel fuel on CMFIS-CI engine characteris cs 4) Screening of non-edible (second-genera on) feedstocks for the produc on of sustainable avia on fuel 5) Sustainable produc on of furan-based oxygenated fuel addi ves from pentose-rich biomass residues 6) Effect of biodiesel-dimethyl carbonate blends on engine performance, combus on and emission characteris cs 7) Effect of alcoholic and nano-par cles addi ves on tribological proper es of diesel-palm-sesamebiodiesel blends 8) A review on bio-based lubricants and their applica ons 9) Produc on of biodiesel from a non-edible source and study of its combus on, and emission characteris cs: A compara ve study with B5 10) Higher alcohol-biodiesel-diesel blends: An approach for improving the performance, emission, and combus on of a light-duty diesel engine 11) Effect of an oxidants on oxida on stability of biodiesel derived from vegetable and animal based feedstocks 12) A feasible and promising approach for diesel engine fuelled with a blend of biodiesel and lowviscosity Cinnamon oil: A comprehensive analysis of performance, combus on, and exergy 13) Effect of MWCNTs nano-addi ve on a dualfuel engine characteris cs u lizing dairy scum oil methyl ester and producer gas 14) Inves ga on of ternary blends of animal fat biodiesel-diethyl ether-diesel fuel on CMFIS-CI engine characteris cs 15) Comprehensive review of environmental factors influencing the performance of photovoltaic pa nels: Concern over emissions at various phases throughout the lifecycle 16) Impact of ecofriendly chemical pretreatment on physicochemical and surface mechanical proper es of sustain able lignocellulosic agricultural waste 17) Heat transfer and pressure drop characteris cs of ZnO/DIW based nanofluids in small diameter compact channels: An experimental study 18) Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor for Detec ng Sulfuric Acid in Different Concentra ons, Photonics, Volume9 Issue12, Ar cle Number 958, OI10.3390/photonics9120958 19) Effect of Addi vized Biodiesel Blends on Diesel Engine Performance, Emission, Tribological Chara cteris cs, and Lubricant Tribology 20) Produc on and comparison of fuel proper es, engine performance, and emission characteris cs of biodiesel from various non-edible vegetable oils: A review 21) Effect of an oxidant on the performance and emission characteris cs of a diesel engine fueled with palm biodiesel blends 22) Impact of low temperature combus on a aining strategies on diesel engine emissions for diesel and biodiesels: A review 23) The prospects of biolubricants as alterna ves in automo ve applica ons 24) Compara ve evalua on of performance and emission characteris cs of Moringa oleifera and Palm oil based biodiesel in a diesel engine 25) The effect of nano-addi ves in diesel-biodiesel fuel blends: A comprehensive review on stability, engine performance and emission characteris cs 26) he effects of graphene oxide nanopar cle addi ve stably dispersed in dairy scum oil biodieseldiesel fuel blend on CI engine: performance, emission and combus on characteris cs 27) Prospects of Catalysis for