K. Kuperan Viswanathan | Universiti Utara Malaysia (original) (raw)
Papers by K. Kuperan Viswanathan
Illegal, Unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing brings great losses to the economies. Understan... more Illegal, Unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing brings great losses to the economies. Understanding the reasons contributing to IUU fishing is crucial in reducing it. The factors are economic, institutional and social factors. This paper shows that economic factor is the main factor contributing to IUU fishing. This paper also highlights the two possible ways to curb the IUU fishing. One way is to reduce the revenue from IUU fishing and another way is to increase the cost of IUU fishing. There are three costs incurred in IUU fishing that can be reduced namely the operating, capital and risk costs. A framework of reducing the economic rent or profit of IUU fishing is developed and guidelines for reducing IUU fishing are also suggested. The guidelines are improved registration of fishing vessels, preventing entry of illegal fish products and most importantly, developing co-management of fisheries. All governments in ASEAN must work together with the stakeholders involved such as fishers, fishermen agencies or associations to exchange information to reduce transaction cost of IUU fishing.
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Dec 12, 2016
Aquaculture provided 20% of global fisheries production and 29% of food fish in 1996. Much of the... more Aquaculture provided 20% of global fisheries production and 29% of food fish in 1996. Much of the production was from low income food-deficit countries (LIFDCs). Between 1990 and 1996, the average expansion rate of aquaculture in LIFDCs was nearly six times than in non-LIFDCs. The expansion in production is not free of problems, however. Environmental, biological diversity, socioeconomic, and consumer safety issues have been linked to intensive aquaculture. These problems are seen in the context of a need for good governance of aquaculture development. The socioeconomics of responsible aquaculture and approaches of good governance of aquaculture is examined in this paper.
Mr. Ismail Ishak delivered the welcome remarks on behalf of Department of Fisheries and Departmen... more Mr. Ismail Ishak delivered the welcome remarks on behalf of Department of Fisheries and Department of Marine Parks, Malaysia and extended his welcome to the participants to Penang Island. He focused on the expertise and experience of the participants which he believed will add flavour to the discussions of the workshop and help to develop the roadmaps for the formulation and adoption of the Strategic Action Plan (SAP).
National and intergovernmental regulation of fisheries has not been sufficient to prevent many fa... more National and intergovernmental regulation of fisheries has not been sufficient to prevent many failures of fisheries management at the global scale. International trade in fisheries is of the order of USD 10 billion annually, mostly from "South" to "North". Developing countries, particularly in Asia, benefit from this trade, and domestic fisheries generally, in terms of contributions to GDP but also to livelihoods and household security at the local level. All of these may be in jeopardy if fisheries management is not improved. However, small-scale fisheries in the tropics are characterized by open access and overlapping multi-species fisheries, fished with numerous gears and using a multitude of landing sites. This complexity in range of operation, the number of fishing groups and the subsistence orientation of some aspects of the production, differ markedly from industrial fisheries in developed countries. Developing country critiques of ecolabelling and the MSC initiative, as currently formulated, focus in five general areas: a) legitimacy and credibility, b) a mismatch between certification requirements and the reality of tropical small scale fisheries, c) potential distortions to existing practices and livelihoods, d) equity and feasibility, and, e) perceived barriers to trade. This paper reviews these developing country concerns on the basis of already certified fisheries, and experiences from forestry, aquaculture and the aquarium industry, as well examining precedents and trends in international environmental and trade issues. It is suggested that ecolabelling as currently presented is unlikely to be widely adopted in Asian countries. Certification may have sporadic success in some eco-conscious, or niche product, markets but will require greater participation of developing country fisheries to ensure a global improvement of fisheries management. 1 Unless specified, the word "fish" in this article is taken in the generic sense to include finfish, and other sea food including crustacea and mollusks.
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Sarawak, Sep 10, 2020
Engineering Management Journal, 2018
The objective of this research is to analyze the relationships of project-related and organizatio... more The objective of this research is to analyze the relationships of project-related and organizational-related factors with five dimensions of project performance across different sectors of the construction industry. Data collected from the project managers and directors of 360 construction firms in Malaysia were analyzed using multiple-regression technique with size of the organization as a control variable. The important finding is that the effects of project-related and organizational-related factors differ by sector type and by dimensions of project performance. The findings of this study can help project managers devise and implement appropriate strategies to support project success.
This paper examines the economic and environmental impacts of fisheries subsidies on the small sc... more This paper examines the economic and environmental impacts of fisheries subsidies on the small scale fisheries in Malaysia. The data for this study was obtained from interviews with 246 fishers from Kedah, Terengganu and Selangor states using a structured questionnaire. The study found that fishing effort and catch was significantly higher for commercial fishing boats operating in Zone B and Zone C compared to the artisanal fishing boats operating in Zone A. The results suggest that fishing effort and catch was partly attributed to the fuel subsidy in fisheries. Furthermore, the larger engine boats (B and C) gained substantial fishing income that seems to reflect unequal distribution of benefits because larger vessels were able to gain maximum benefits compared to the smaller boats. However, the poor fishers (boat A) were able to improve their livelihoods through various livelihood subsidies compared to the fishers with larger boats (B and C). The results suggest that current fisheries subsidies may not lead to sustainable fisheries and income of small scale fishers. Fisheries overexploitation cannot be reduced by elimination of subsidy, effective planning and designing of subsidy programmes may improve the wellbeing of fishers in Malaysia.
The objectives of the workshop were to review and update Marine Protected Area (MPA) data, finali... more The objectives of the workshop were to review and update Marine Protected Area (MPA) data, finalise policy briefs for each country and recommend future actions and policies for sustainable management of MPAs.
Journal of Money Laundering Control
Purpose Despite the vulnerability of rapidly developing and emerging market economies, researcher... more Purpose Despite the vulnerability of rapidly developing and emerging market economies, researchers have paid less attention to the determination of the size of money laundering (ML) in these economies, including the United Arab Emirates (the UAE). Therefore, this paper aims to estimate the magnitude of ML in the UAE between 1975 and 2020 based on the currency demand approach (CDA). Design/methodology/approach The study uses the Gregory–Hansen cointegration technique alongside the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing procedure to estimate the CDA model. Findings The results illustrate that an amount equivalent to about 19.034% of the GDP is laundered in the UAE between 1975 and 2020, on average, with the value lying between 15.129% and 23.121%. In addition, the results demonstrate the importance of the real estate market, gold trade, remittance channels and the size of the underground economy in facilitating the laundering of illicit funds in the country. Originality/value T...
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education, 2020
Leadership in business and society is responsible for a large part of the decision-making related... more Leadership in business and society is responsible for a large part of the decision-making related to policymaking and resource allocation that in turn influences social and environmental outcomes and economic windfalls. The theory and practice of education and learning in business schools is being called on for reforms in order to nurture responsible leadership for business and society that may align well with the triple bottom-line challenge of sustainability (i.e., economic, social, and environmental). We can find state-of-the-art research studies from definition to historical evolution and dimensions of responsible leadership specifically related to corporate sustainability. The role of curriculum design is central to enabling business schools to nurture responsible leaders who are considerate toward the external effects of their internal decision-making, thus seeking to balance the broader stakeholders’ objectives. Several global initiatives have been undertaken by multilateral ...
Arising from the growing population and expanding economy, the increasing water demand in Malaysi... more Arising from the growing population and expanding economy, the increasing water demand in Malaysia has urged water supply authority throughout the country to improve their current water supply management and practices. In this study, 63 pooled data seta of the annual water production volume and costs for the nine water stations in Sri Aman were used to analyse the water delivery and production costs of the water supply authority in Sri Aman, Sarawak. Water supply function was derived from the marginal costs curve and from there, the supply elasticities were estimated. Based on the results of the multiple regression analysis, the Sri Aman Water Supply Authority (SAWSA) of Public Works Department is heavily subsidized by the government. The authority is incurring substantial losses from domestic and commercial water supply. However, it is enjoying a trivial economic rent for water supplied to industrial users. The supply elasticity of water production in Sri Aman showed that the expansion of water supply in Sri Aman is feasible. Thus, it is suggested that SAWSA should corporatise its water supply utilities to ensure a more efficient and effective management of the water supply to serve more people in the interior areas of Sri Aman.
International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2017
Owing to the competition global level economy of world and pattern are promoting to the construct... more Owing to the competition global level economy of world and pattern are promoting to the construction firms to increase into emerging economies. Entry mode has become important for firms. The present paper aims to explore the entry modes which are preferred by construction firms in Malaysia, for their international projects, on whether construction firms choose equity modes, non-equity modes or both modes. 19 questionnaires were filled by respondents by using cross-sectional data technique. This study found that country specific factors (cultural differences and target country risk) influence the entry mode of firms directly and through knowledge and transactional cost economics by applying the multinomial logistic regression. This study contributes theoretically and practically along with this; present study recommends that government should improve internal and external factors to enter the firms for economic development.
Ocean & Coastal Management, 2014
ABSTRACT We examine the impact of the Community Based Fisheries Management (CBFM) on welfare of f... more ABSTRACT We examine the impact of the Community Based Fisheries Management (CBFM) on welfare of fishing households in Bangladesh. Our analyses demonstrate how the various types of livelihood assets contribute to household income of fishers in different types of water body areas such as closed beels (deeper depressions in the floodplain), open beels (lake), floodplain beels and rivers. Data for the study were obtained from two questionnaire-based field surveys conducted by the Bangladesh CBFM project office: a baseline study carried out in 2002 and an impact study in mid-2006. A total of 1 994 households were randomly selected from 34 (51%) CBFM project water bodies in Bangladesh. Our study shows that fisher's income has significantly increased in floodplain beels (FPB), open beels (OB), and rivers. Fishers' income from fishing has been significantly reduced in closed beels (CB) due to excessive lease fees and stocking costs for aquaculture. The regression results indicate that natural, physical, and financial assets have significantly contributed to income of the fisher households in open beels, rivers, and floodplain beels. The CBFM organized fishers have changed their attitudes, improved trust, and resolved conflicts in open beels. Results of the study suggest that natural, physical, and financial assets play very significant roles in poverty reduction in CBFM areas in Bangladesh. There is a need to give priority to investment in social capital and financial credit for reducing poverty of fishers of Bangladesh.
Executive Summary Overpopulation and poverty in South and Southeast Asia, particularly in fishing... more Executive Summary Overpopulation and poverty in South and Southeast Asia, particularly in fishing communities, as well as unsustainable fishing practices have compounded pressures on the region's fisheries. Conflicts occur alongside competing industry and the ...
Illegal, Unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing brings great losses to the economies. Understan... more Illegal, Unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing brings great losses to the economies. Understanding the reasons contributing to IUU fishing is crucial in reducing it. The factors are economic, institutional and social factors. This paper shows that economic factor is the main factor contributing to IUU fishing. This paper also highlights the two possible ways to curb the IUU fishing. One way is to reduce the revenue from IUU fishing and another way is to increase the cost of IUU fishing. There are three costs incurred in IUU fishing that can be reduced namely the operating, capital and risk costs. A framework of reducing the economic rent or profit of IUU fishing is developed and guidelines for reducing IUU fishing are also suggested. The guidelines are improved registration of fishing vessels, preventing entry of illegal fish products and most importantly, developing co-management of fisheries. All governments in ASEAN must work together with the stakeholders involved such as fishers, fishermen agencies or associations to exchange information to reduce transaction cost of IUU fishing.
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Dec 12, 2016
Aquaculture provided 20% of global fisheries production and 29% of food fish in 1996. Much of the... more Aquaculture provided 20% of global fisheries production and 29% of food fish in 1996. Much of the production was from low income food-deficit countries (LIFDCs). Between 1990 and 1996, the average expansion rate of aquaculture in LIFDCs was nearly six times than in non-LIFDCs. The expansion in production is not free of problems, however. Environmental, biological diversity, socioeconomic, and consumer safety issues have been linked to intensive aquaculture. These problems are seen in the context of a need for good governance of aquaculture development. The socioeconomics of responsible aquaculture and approaches of good governance of aquaculture is examined in this paper.
Mr. Ismail Ishak delivered the welcome remarks on behalf of Department of Fisheries and Departmen... more Mr. Ismail Ishak delivered the welcome remarks on behalf of Department of Fisheries and Department of Marine Parks, Malaysia and extended his welcome to the participants to Penang Island. He focused on the expertise and experience of the participants which he believed will add flavour to the discussions of the workshop and help to develop the roadmaps for the formulation and adoption of the Strategic Action Plan (SAP).
National and intergovernmental regulation of fisheries has not been sufficient to prevent many fa... more National and intergovernmental regulation of fisheries has not been sufficient to prevent many failures of fisheries management at the global scale. International trade in fisheries is of the order of USD 10 billion annually, mostly from "South" to "North". Developing countries, particularly in Asia, benefit from this trade, and domestic fisheries generally, in terms of contributions to GDP but also to livelihoods and household security at the local level. All of these may be in jeopardy if fisheries management is not improved. However, small-scale fisheries in the tropics are characterized by open access and overlapping multi-species fisheries, fished with numerous gears and using a multitude of landing sites. This complexity in range of operation, the number of fishing groups and the subsistence orientation of some aspects of the production, differ markedly from industrial fisheries in developed countries. Developing country critiques of ecolabelling and the MSC initiative, as currently formulated, focus in five general areas: a) legitimacy and credibility, b) a mismatch between certification requirements and the reality of tropical small scale fisheries, c) potential distortions to existing practices and livelihoods, d) equity and feasibility, and, e) perceived barriers to trade. This paper reviews these developing country concerns on the basis of already certified fisheries, and experiences from forestry, aquaculture and the aquarium industry, as well examining precedents and trends in international environmental and trade issues. It is suggested that ecolabelling as currently presented is unlikely to be widely adopted in Asian countries. Certification may have sporadic success in some eco-conscious, or niche product, markets but will require greater participation of developing country fisheries to ensure a global improvement of fisheries management. 1 Unless specified, the word "fish" in this article is taken in the generic sense to include finfish, and other sea food including crustacea and mollusks.
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Sarawak, Sep 10, 2020
Engineering Management Journal, 2018
The objective of this research is to analyze the relationships of project-related and organizatio... more The objective of this research is to analyze the relationships of project-related and organizational-related factors with five dimensions of project performance across different sectors of the construction industry. Data collected from the project managers and directors of 360 construction firms in Malaysia were analyzed using multiple-regression technique with size of the organization as a control variable. The important finding is that the effects of project-related and organizational-related factors differ by sector type and by dimensions of project performance. The findings of this study can help project managers devise and implement appropriate strategies to support project success.
This paper examines the economic and environmental impacts of fisheries subsidies on the small sc... more This paper examines the economic and environmental impacts of fisheries subsidies on the small scale fisheries in Malaysia. The data for this study was obtained from interviews with 246 fishers from Kedah, Terengganu and Selangor states using a structured questionnaire. The study found that fishing effort and catch was significantly higher for commercial fishing boats operating in Zone B and Zone C compared to the artisanal fishing boats operating in Zone A. The results suggest that fishing effort and catch was partly attributed to the fuel subsidy in fisheries. Furthermore, the larger engine boats (B and C) gained substantial fishing income that seems to reflect unequal distribution of benefits because larger vessels were able to gain maximum benefits compared to the smaller boats. However, the poor fishers (boat A) were able to improve their livelihoods through various livelihood subsidies compared to the fishers with larger boats (B and C). The results suggest that current fisheries subsidies may not lead to sustainable fisheries and income of small scale fishers. Fisheries overexploitation cannot be reduced by elimination of subsidy, effective planning and designing of subsidy programmes may improve the wellbeing of fishers in Malaysia.
The objectives of the workshop were to review and update Marine Protected Area (MPA) data, finali... more The objectives of the workshop were to review and update Marine Protected Area (MPA) data, finalise policy briefs for each country and recommend future actions and policies for sustainable management of MPAs.
Journal of Money Laundering Control
Purpose Despite the vulnerability of rapidly developing and emerging market economies, researcher... more Purpose Despite the vulnerability of rapidly developing and emerging market economies, researchers have paid less attention to the determination of the size of money laundering (ML) in these economies, including the United Arab Emirates (the UAE). Therefore, this paper aims to estimate the magnitude of ML in the UAE between 1975 and 2020 based on the currency demand approach (CDA). Design/methodology/approach The study uses the Gregory–Hansen cointegration technique alongside the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing procedure to estimate the CDA model. Findings The results illustrate that an amount equivalent to about 19.034% of the GDP is laundered in the UAE between 1975 and 2020, on average, with the value lying between 15.129% and 23.121%. In addition, the results demonstrate the importance of the real estate market, gold trade, remittance channels and the size of the underground economy in facilitating the laundering of illicit funds in the country. Originality/value T...
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education, 2020
Leadership in business and society is responsible for a large part of the decision-making related... more Leadership in business and society is responsible for a large part of the decision-making related to policymaking and resource allocation that in turn influences social and environmental outcomes and economic windfalls. The theory and practice of education and learning in business schools is being called on for reforms in order to nurture responsible leadership for business and society that may align well with the triple bottom-line challenge of sustainability (i.e., economic, social, and environmental). We can find state-of-the-art research studies from definition to historical evolution and dimensions of responsible leadership specifically related to corporate sustainability. The role of curriculum design is central to enabling business schools to nurture responsible leaders who are considerate toward the external effects of their internal decision-making, thus seeking to balance the broader stakeholders’ objectives. Several global initiatives have been undertaken by multilateral ...
Arising from the growing population and expanding economy, the increasing water demand in Malaysi... more Arising from the growing population and expanding economy, the increasing water demand in Malaysia has urged water supply authority throughout the country to improve their current water supply management and practices. In this study, 63 pooled data seta of the annual water production volume and costs for the nine water stations in Sri Aman were used to analyse the water delivery and production costs of the water supply authority in Sri Aman, Sarawak. Water supply function was derived from the marginal costs curve and from there, the supply elasticities were estimated. Based on the results of the multiple regression analysis, the Sri Aman Water Supply Authority (SAWSA) of Public Works Department is heavily subsidized by the government. The authority is incurring substantial losses from domestic and commercial water supply. However, it is enjoying a trivial economic rent for water supplied to industrial users. The supply elasticity of water production in Sri Aman showed that the expansion of water supply in Sri Aman is feasible. Thus, it is suggested that SAWSA should corporatise its water supply utilities to ensure a more efficient and effective management of the water supply to serve more people in the interior areas of Sri Aman.
International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2017
Owing to the competition global level economy of world and pattern are promoting to the construct... more Owing to the competition global level economy of world and pattern are promoting to the construction firms to increase into emerging economies. Entry mode has become important for firms. The present paper aims to explore the entry modes which are preferred by construction firms in Malaysia, for their international projects, on whether construction firms choose equity modes, non-equity modes or both modes. 19 questionnaires were filled by respondents by using cross-sectional data technique. This study found that country specific factors (cultural differences and target country risk) influence the entry mode of firms directly and through knowledge and transactional cost economics by applying the multinomial logistic regression. This study contributes theoretically and practically along with this; present study recommends that government should improve internal and external factors to enter the firms for economic development.
Ocean & Coastal Management, 2014
ABSTRACT We examine the impact of the Community Based Fisheries Management (CBFM) on welfare of f... more ABSTRACT We examine the impact of the Community Based Fisheries Management (CBFM) on welfare of fishing households in Bangladesh. Our analyses demonstrate how the various types of livelihood assets contribute to household income of fishers in different types of water body areas such as closed beels (deeper depressions in the floodplain), open beels (lake), floodplain beels and rivers. Data for the study were obtained from two questionnaire-based field surveys conducted by the Bangladesh CBFM project office: a baseline study carried out in 2002 and an impact study in mid-2006. A total of 1 994 households were randomly selected from 34 (51%) CBFM project water bodies in Bangladesh. Our study shows that fisher's income has significantly increased in floodplain beels (FPB), open beels (OB), and rivers. Fishers' income from fishing has been significantly reduced in closed beels (CB) due to excessive lease fees and stocking costs for aquaculture. The regression results indicate that natural, physical, and financial assets have significantly contributed to income of the fisher households in open beels, rivers, and floodplain beels. The CBFM organized fishers have changed their attitudes, improved trust, and resolved conflicts in open beels. Results of the study suggest that natural, physical, and financial assets play very significant roles in poverty reduction in CBFM areas in Bangladesh. There is a need to give priority to investment in social capital and financial credit for reducing poverty of fishers of Bangladesh.
Executive Summary Overpopulation and poverty in South and Southeast Asia, particularly in fishing... more Executive Summary Overpopulation and poverty in South and Southeast Asia, particularly in fishing communities, as well as unsustainable fishing practices have compounded pressures on the region's fisheries. Conflicts occur alongside competing industry and the ...