Cesar Choya Calonge | Universidad de Valladolid (original) (raw)

Papers by Cesar Choya Calonge

New England Journal of Medicine, Jan 1, 1992

Handbook of Communication Competence

Speech and Language Disorders In …, Jan 1, 2007

... 7-31). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. Page 134. 124 Patricia M. Roberts and Swathi Kiran E... more ... 7-31). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. Page 134. 124 Patricia M. Roberts and Swathi Kiran Elias, MF, Elias, PK, D&amp;amp;#x27;Agostino, RB, Silbershatz, H., and Wolf. PA (1997). ... Brain and Language, 79211-222. Frenck-Mestre. C.. Anton, JL, Roth. M.. Vaid. J., and Viallet, F.(2005). ...

Language and Bilingual Cognition, Jan 1, 2010

... Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32, 10571074. Crinion, ... more ... Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32, 10571074. Crinion, J., Green, DW, Chung, R., Ali, N., Grogan, A., Price, G., et al.(2009). Neuroanatomical markersof speaking Chinese. Human Brain Mapping, 30, 41084115. ...

Journal of social and biological structures, Jan 1, 1991

The developmenl of cognitive science and neuroscience has stimulated the emergence of social scie... more The developmenl of cognitive science and neuroscience has stimulated the emergence of social science-based and philosophy-based neurosciences. A classification of the neurosciences is presented. The new neurosciences are viewed as ethnoneurologies, having as their common object the study of brain-in neurophysiological. neuroelectrical, neurochemical, and other functioning as rclated to mental level of experience and to structures, arrangements, and processes in the social world. This approach focuses not on how people percetve the brain, but rather on the uses they make of brain. Thus, the ethnoneurologies refer to a closely rclated family of interdisciplinary. neurocognitive fields of inquiry. The behavioral science based neurosciences-neurocommunications, neuroethology, neurolinguistics, and neuropsychology-contain within themselves topics, problems, and levels of analysis that are erhnoneurological, although not defined as ethnoneurologies. The social science based ethnoneurologies are neurosociology, neuroanthropology. neuropolitics, and neuroeconomics. The philosophy/humanities based ethnoneurologies include neurophilosophy. neuroaesthetics, neuroepistemology, neurophenomenology, and neuro-ontology. An ethnoneurological perspective provides a strategy for rcsolving the culture-and-cognition paradox, according to which (i) culrural differcnces are viewed as variations in the expression ofuniversal human mentation. and (ii) such cultural differcnces reflect qua.litatively different cognitive strucrures.

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, Jan 1, 2005

We introduce symbolic dynamics to cognitive scientists with the aim of furthering constructive de... more We introduce symbolic dynamics to cognitive scientists with the aim of furthering constructive debate on representation. Symbolic dynamics is a mathematical framework in which both continuous and discrete states of a system can be considered jointly. We discuss a number of theoretical implications this framework has for cognitive science, and offer some consideration of the way in which it might be employed for comparing or conciliating discrete and continuous representational theories. Symbolic dynamics may thus serve as a common, level playing field for debate in theories of cognitive representation.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Jan 1, 2005

Neurocase, Jan 1, 2012

Bilinguals need control mechanisms in order to switch between languages in different communicatio... more Bilinguals need control mechanisms in order to switch between languages in different communication contexts (Green, 1998, Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1; Price, Green, & von Studnitz, 1999, Brain, 122). There has been neural evidence showing competition to control output in L2 vs. L1 in both cortical and sub-cortical areas, when language selection is carried out (Abutalebi & Green, 2007, Journal of Neurolinguistics, 20). Here we use intra-operative direct electrical stimulation to demonstrate that the head of the left caudate is critical not only in language switching tasks but other control tasks. A bilingual Chinese-English patient was instructed to perform both language switching and switching in color-shape naming tasks during awake glioma surgery. When stimulation was applied on the left caudate, failures or difficulties in both language switching and color-shape naming were observed, with the effects greater on language switching. Stimulation to neighboring brain regions either did not affect performance or generated mild problems specific to language switching. The results provide direct evidence of the necessary role of the left caudate in language control.

… of cognitive science (Nadel L, ed), xiiixli. …, Jan 1, 2003

Minds and Machines, Jan 1, 1995

It is often assumed that cognitive science is built upon folk psychology, and that challenges to ... more It is often assumed that cognitive science is built upon folk psychology, and that challenges to folk psychology are therefore challenges to cognitive science itself. We argue that, in practice, cognitive science and folk psychology treat entirely non-overlapping domains: cognitive science considers aspects of mental life which do not depend on general knowledge, whereas folk psychology considers aspects of mental life which do depend on general knowledge. We back up our argument on theoretical grounds, and also illustrate the separation between cognitive scientific and folk psychological phenomena in a number of cognitive domains. We consider the methodological and theoretical significance of our arguments for cognitive science research.

This paper advocates a complementary measure of translation performance that focuses on the const... more This paper advocates a complementary measure of translation performance that focuses on the constrastive ability of two or more systems or system versions to adequately translate source words. This is motivated by three main reasons : 1) existing automatic metrics sometimes do not show significant differences that can be revealed by fine-grained focussed human evaluation, 2) these metrics are based on direct comparisons between system hypotheses with the corresponding reference translations, thus ignoring the input words that were actually translated, and 3) as these metrics do not take input hypotheses from several systems at once, fine-grained contrastive evaluation can only be done indirectly. This proposal is illustrated on a multi-source Machine Translation scenario where multiple translations of a source text are available. Significant gains (up to +1.3 BLEU point) are achieved on these experiments, and contrastive lexical evaluation is shown to provide new information that can help to better analyse a system's performance.

We are indebted to the participants as well as colleagues at CKIP for their comments. We would al... more We are indebted to the participants as well as colleagues at CKIP for their comments. We would also like to thank the SemaNet 2002 reviewers for their helpful comments. It is our own responsibilities that, due to the short revision time, we were not able to incorporate all their suggestions, especially comparative studies with some relative GWA papers. We are also responsible for all remaining errors Abstract Establishing correspondences between wordnets of different languages is essential to both multilingual knowledge processing and for bootstrapping wordnets of low-density languages. We claim that such correspondences must be based on lexical semantic relations, rather than top ontology or word translations. In particular, we define a translation equivalence relation as a bilingual lexical semantic relation. Such relations can then be part of a logical entailment predicting whether source language semantic relations will hold in a target language or not. Our claim is tested with a study of 210 Chinese lexical lemmas and their possible semantic relations links bootstrapped from the Princeton WordNet. The results show that lexical semantic relation translations are indeed highly precise when they are logically inferable.

Language Learning Journal, Jan 1, 2009

Machine Translation, Jan 1, 1997

Technical-term translation represents one of the most difficult tasks for human translators since... more Technical-term translation represents one of the most difficult tasks for human translators since (1) most translators are not familiar with terms and domain-specific terminology and (2) such terms are not adequately covered by printed dictionaries. This paper describes an algorithm for translating technical words and terms from noisy parallel corpora across language groups. Given any word which is part of a technical term in the source language, the algorithm produces a ranked candidate match for it in the target language. Potential translations for the term are compiled from the matched words and are also ranked. We show how this ranked list helps translators in technical-term translation. Most algorithms for lexical and term translation focus on Indo-European language pairs, and most use a sentence-aligned clean parallel corpus without insertion, deletion or OCR noise. Our algorithm is language-and character-set-independent, and is robust to noise in the corpus. We show how our algorithm requires minimum preprocessing and is able to obtain technical-word translations without sentence-boundary identification or sentence alignment, from the English-Japanese AWK manual corpus with noise arising from text insertions or deletions and on the English-Chinese HKUST bilingual corpus. We obtain a precision of 55.35% from the AWK corpus for word translation including rare words, counting only the best candidate and direct translations. Translation precision of the best-candidate translation is 89.93% from the HKUST corpus. Potential term translations produced by the program help bilingual speakers to get a 47% improvement in translating technical terms.

We present new direct data analysis showing that dynamically-built context-dependent phrasal tran... more We present new direct data analysis showing that dynamically-built context-dependent phrasal translation lexicons are more useful resources for phrase-based statistical machine translation (SMT) than conventional static phrasal translation lexicons, which ignore all contextual information. After several years of surprising negative results, recent work suggests that context-dependent phrasal translation lexicons are an appropriate framework to successfully incorporate Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) modeling into SMT. However, this approach has so far only been evaluated using automatic translation quality metrics, which are important, but aggregate many different factors. A direct analysis is still needed to understand how context-dependent phrasal translation lexicons impact translation quality, and whether the additional complexity they introduce is really necessary. In this paper, we focus on the impact of context-dependent translation lexicons on lexical choice in phrase-based SMT and show that context-dependent lexicons are more useful to a phrase-based SMT system than a conventional lexicon. A typical phrase-based SMT system makes use of more and longer phrases with context modeling, including phrases that were not seen very frequently in training. Even when the segmentation is identical, the context-dependent lexicons yields translations that match references more often than conventional lexicons.

Research in Science Education, Jan 1, 2005

This study aims at presenting a grid for analysing the way the language employed in Greek school ... more This study aims at presenting a grid for analysing the way the language employed in Greek school science textbooks tends to project pedagogic messages. These messages are analysed for the different school science subjects (i.e., Physics, Chemistry, Biology) and educational levels (i.e., primary and lower secondary level). The analysis is made using the dimensions of content specialisation (classification) and social-pedagogic relationships (framing) promoted by the language of the school science textbooks as well as the elaboration and abstraction of the corresponding linguistic code (formality), thus combining pedagogical and socio-linguistic perspectives. Classification and formality are used to identify the ways science textbooks tend to position students in relation to the interior of the corresponding specialised body of knowledge (i.e., in terms of content and code) while framing is used to identify the ways science textbooks tend to position students as learning subjects within the school science discourse. The results show that the kind of pedagogic messages projected by the textbooks depends mainly on the educational level and not particularly on the specific discipline. As the educational level rises a gradual move towards more specialised forms of scientific knowledge (mainly in terms of code) with a parallel increase in the students' autonomy in accessing the textbook material is noticed. The implications concern the way both students and teachers approach science textbooks as well as the roles they can undertake by internalising the textbooks' pedagogic messages and also the way science textbooks are authored.

Dilemma is a tool built to aid human translators in achieving higher productivity and better qual... more Dilemma is a tool built to aid human translators in achieving higher productivity and better quality, by presenting lexical information which is automatically extracted from previous translations. The design decisions have been based on analyses of the human translation process. We present the ideas behind the tool, and outline the functionality. The system described has been used by professional translators