Khalid Mahmood Anjum | University Of Veterinary And Animal Sciences Lahore (original) (raw)
Papers by Khalid Mahmood Anjum
Czech Journal of Animal Science
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of pectin supplemented feeds on the growth,... more The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of pectin supplemented feeds on the growth, gut morphology and immunology of Labeo rohita. Experimental feeds containing various concentrations of pectin including control (0%), T1 (0.5%), T2 (1.0%), T3 (2.0%), and T4 (4.0%) were administered to L. rohita twice per day at a rate of 3% body weight. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in average final weight, weight gain%, net weight gain and specific growth rate observed in treatment groups in order of control > T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 while feed conversion ratio was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in T4 compared to the other groups T3 > T2 > T1 > control. Immunological parameters of peroxidase, protease and antiprotease (trypsin) showed significant (P < 0.05) results between control and treated groups. Peroxidase activity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in T4 group fish compared to T3 > T2 > T1 > control group. Total protein, protease and antiprotease activity were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the control compared to treatment groups T1 > T2 > T3 > T4. An increased level of the nonstarch polysaccharide pectin in feed caused acute effects on gut morphometry. Villus length, villus width, and an increase in mucosal folds were abnormal but no significant (P > 0.05) abnormality was observed in the control group. In the submucosal part of the intestine, hyperplasia was shown in loose connective tissues and in adipose tissue cells in the treated groups. In conclusion, dietary pectin supplementation from 0.5% to 4% had negative effects on the growth, immunological parameters and gut histomorphology of L. rohita.
Aquaculture Studies
Aquaculturists have been concentrating their efforts to design aquafeeds using agro by-products t... more Aquaculturists have been concentrating their efforts to design aquafeeds using agro by-products to reduce feed costs. However, the presence of a wide variety of antinutritional factors (ANFs) in plant materials is one of the major obstacles. For this purpose, a 2x2 factorial experiment was established to evaluate the suitability of canola meal with citric acid (CA) and phytase (PHY) supplementation for growth performance, nutrient digestibility and body composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets; D1 (control; without CA and PHY), D2 (CA 15 g/kg+PHY 1000 FTU/kg), D3 (CA 30 g/kg+PHY 1000 FTU/kg), D4 (CA 15 g/kg+PHY 2000 FTU/kg) and D5 (CA 30 g/kg+PHY 2000 FTU/kg) were fed to fish (mean initial weight 7.61±0.31 g) in triplicates for 90-days. The growth performance was significantly increased while feed conversion ratio was decreased with D3 compared to control and other CA and PHY supplemented groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, higher digestibility ...
Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2018
Present research was planned to evaluate the breeding and feeding behaviour of Indian peafowl rea... more Present research was planned to evaluate the breeding and feeding behaviour of Indian peafowl reared in captivity at Zoological Gardens of Government and Private Sector. For feeding behaviour, a total of fifty pairs (n=100) of Pavo cristatus at both Government Zoological Gardens (n=25pairs) and Private Sectors (n=25pairs) were observed on daily basis. The breeding season of Indian peafowl is not fixed but mostly it breeds in rainy season from April to August. It was observed that most of birds at Government Zoological Gardens breed in month of May, while most of birds at Private Sectors breed in the month of August. For feeding behaviour a total of 200 faecal samples per week were collected for six weeks, out of which 100 samples per week were randomly selected for further analysis. Faecal analysis technique showed that dietary components of Indian peafowl were covered by plant contents following by animal sources. Among the plants components grass seeds were predominant followed by...
Buffalo Bulletin, 2018
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by different fungus species which are harmful both ... more Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by different fungus species which are harmful both for the animals and human beings. In this study, feed samples were taken from different livestock farms and commercial feed mills and levels of aflatoxin B1 and prevalence of Aspergillus species in each sample was recorded. The anti-fungal potential of different plant extracts was also evaluated. The aflatoxin B1 was measured by HPLC. Results showed Aflatoxin B1 was most prevalent in feed collected from the farms as compared to commercial feed mills. Six genera of fungus were found and 14 species of these six genera were identified. Comparative efficacy of methanolic extracts of garlic (Allium sativum L.), clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and neem (Azadirachta indica) were determined by agar well diffusion method. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) showed significantly higher antifungal activity followed by clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and neem (Azadirachta indica) at (P<0.05).
Introduction: Fasciculation and myalgia are the two most common and distressing side effects of s... more Introduction: Fasciculation and myalgia are the two most common and distressing side effects of succinylcholine administration. Many drugs have been tried to prevent or reduce this unpleasant happening with variable success. In this comparative study, we evaluated the preventive effect of pregabalin on the occurrence of succinylcholine induced fasciculation and myalgia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methodology: This, randomized controlled trial, was done in operating rooms of a teaching hospital over a period of six months. 70 patients of either sex, of ASA physical status 1 & 2, electively scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, were recruited for the study. Selected patients were divided into two groups with 35 patients in each group by lottery method of randomization. Study group – Group P received 150 mg of pregabalin orally two hours before anesthesia and Group C (control group) received placebo pills two hours before induction. Standard general anesth...
Animal Biotechnology, 2021
The aim of this investigation was to find single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the myostatin... more The aim of this investigation was to find single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the myostatin (MSTN) and the beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) genes associated with growth and ultrasound carcass traits in Kajli sheep. The five growth traits were birth weight (BWT-EBV), 120-day weight (120DWT-EBV), 180-day weight (180DWT-EBV), 270-day weight (270DWT-EBV), and 365-day weight (365DWT-EBV). The three ultrasound carcass traits were width (WLD) and depth of longissimus dorsi (DLD) and back fat thickness (BFT). The analysis of the MSTN sequence revealed one non-synonymous substitution (c.197T > A) in exon 1, one single nucleotide substitution (c.373 + 18G > T) in intron 1, and one synonymous substitution (c.861T > A) in exon 3. However, there were four single nucleotide synonymous substitutions (c.130C > T, c.294C > G, c.579G > T, and c.654C > G) in exon 1 of the ADRB3 gene. All the SNPs in the MSTN gene, except for c.373 + 18G > T, were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). Conversely, none of the SNPs found in ADRB3 were in HWE. Two of the MSTN SNPs (c.197T > A and c.373 + 18G > T) had significant associations with all evaluated growth and ultrasound carcass traits. The SNPs c.130C > T and c.294C > G in ADRB3 were significantly associated with 180DWT-EBV. Collectively, these findings indicate that several SNPs in the studied genes were significantly related to growth and carcass traits in Kajli sheep.
South African Journal of Animal Science, 2020
Data on 2931 Kajli lambs, born from 2007 to 2018, were used to quantify environmental and genetic... more Data on 2931 Kajli lambs, born from 2007 to 2018, were used to quantify environmental and genetic effects on growth performance of Kajli sheep. Traits considered for evaluation were birth weight (BWT), 120-day adjusted weight (120DWT), 180-day adjusted weight (180DWT), 270-day adjusted weight (270DWT), and 365-day adjusted weight (365DWT). Fixed effects of year of birth, season of birth, sex, birth type, and dam age on these traits were evaluated using linear procedures of SAS, 9.1. Similarly, BWT, 120DWT, 180DWT, and 270DWT were used as fixed effects mixed model analyses. Variance components, heritability and breeding values were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood. The genetic trend for each trait was obtained by regression of the estimated breeding values (EBV) on year of birth. Analyses revealed substantial influence of birth year on all traits. Sex and birth type were the significant sources of variation for BWT and 120DWT. Season of birth did not influence birth weight ...
Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2023
Ninety days study was conducted in hapas installed in earthen ponds. Fish of an average initial w... more Ninety days study was conducted in hapas installed in earthen ponds. Fish of an average initial weight (220g) were evenly distributed in triplicate groups within fifteen hapas. Five experimental diets labeled as T1 (25% CP and NRC recommended amino acid level) as control diet, T2 (with 2% low protein and 5% amino acid supplementation), T3 (with 2% low protein and 10% amino acid supplementation), T4 (with 4% low protein and 10% amino acid supplementation) and T5 (with 4% low protein and 20% amino acid supplementation) were prepared. Fish were fed with @3% of their body weight twice a day at 10.00 & 16:00 hour. Significantly higher percent weight gain (420.18 ± 66.84a) and specific growth rate (13499.33±1273.54a) along with improved feed conversion ratio (1.29 ± 0.09b) and hundred percent survivals were recorded during the trial. Furthermore proximate analysis of meat showed significant improvement in the crude protein level (81.77 ± 0.19a) served with diet containing 20% limiting ami...
South African Journal of Animal Science, 2020
The aim of the present study was to determine the best non-linear growth function to describe the... more The aim of the present study was to determine the best non-linear growth function to describe the growth of Kajli sheep. For this aim, the Brody, von Bertalanffy, Logistic, and Gompertz models were used to describe the sigmoidal relationship between bodyweight and age of the Kajli sheep. The records obtained from the Livestock Experiment Station, Khushab, were collected between 2007 and 2018. The records comprised 9864 age-weight observations (300 for male, 9564 for female, 7392 for single, 2388 for twin, and 84 for triplet lambs), which extended from birth to 12 months old. Candidate non-linear functions were fitted and the curve parameters were estimated by nlsfit (fit non-linear models) function in R statistical package, version 3.6.1. Goodness of fit criteria that were used to evaluate predictive performances of candidate models were adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adj), Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and root means square err...
Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression, 2020
Various antiretroviral drugs do not kill or cure the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but do pr... more Various antiretroviral drugs do not kill or cure the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but do prevent the replication of the virus. The combination of antiretroviral drugs is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Current drug therapies effectively suppress HIV-1 replication but do not inactivate the provirus that persists in latent reservoirs. Guide RNA (gRNA)-directed CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used for sequence-specific attacks on this proviral DNA. The biggest achievement might be the complete elimination of HIV from infected cells. A study revealed that the tail injection, in transgenic mice and rats having HIV-1 genome, of an adenoassociated virus (AAV) vector expressing a short version of the Cas9 endonuclease (saCas9) and the gRNAs resulted in the cleavage of integrated HIV-1 DNA and excision of a DNA fragment spanning between the LTR and Gag gene in the spleen, liver, heart, kidney, and circulating lymphocytes. HIV-1 has capacity to escape the attack on its genome from most of inhibitors. Thus, to achieve successful antiretroviral treatment, combinations of several antiviral therapies have been applied that are based on two important facts. The first is that multiple drugs lead to synergistic or additive inhibition, and the second is that the combinational therapy increases chances of drug resistance. The success that has been achieved with the help of the genetically engineered tool CRISPR is that dCas9 protein alone can efficiently silence viral gene expression in bacteria with sgRNA. All the reported investigations have indicated that CRISPR/Cas9 can be used as immune machinery into human cells in the form of novel antivirus tools.
Applied Nanoscience, 2019
Nano-sized zinc is extensively used by various industries and exposure of humans to these nanopar... more Nano-sized zinc is extensively used by various industries and exposure of humans to these nanoparticles is increasing by the day. Mounting evidence suggests that health hazards are induced by metallic nanoparticles. However, at present, there is insufficient information concerning the impairment of motor functions due to exposure to metallic nanoparticles, particularly zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The present study evaluates the toxic effects of ZnO nanoparticles in Swiss albino mice. Motor functions impairments were monitored using beam balance, and pole and footprint tests. Results showed that ZnO nanoparticles cause deficits in normal motor functions. Histopathological investigations revealed significantly (p < 0.01) increased motor cortex nuclear size probably resulting from neuroinflammation/neuronal damage. Overall, it is concluded that ZnO nanoparticles induce neurotoxicity resulting in motor function impairments.
BioNanoScience, 2019
Use of nanoparticles for various industrial and biomedical applications has emerged in recent yea... more Use of nanoparticles for various industrial and biomedical applications has emerged in recent years rapidly, but their accumulation in the environment has raised concerns for their ecotoxicological profile. Instead of halting their use, emphasis should be laid to the development of safer nanoparticles. We prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by chemical synthesis as well by green synthesis method using Ocimum tenuiflorum L. plant. Characterization of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (G. AgNPs) and chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (C. AgNPs) was performed; UV-visible confirmed the optical absorption peaks at 425 nm (G. AgNPs) and 416 nm (C. AgNPs). SEM imaging confirmed the spherical shaped G. AgNPs (40-60 nm) and C. AgNPs (30-40 nm) with average sizes. FTIR analysis of G. AgNPs confirmed that alkene and aromatic compounds played an important role as capping and reducing agent. We also attempted to evaluate the toxicity profile using a mammalian model, male albino mice (BALB/c)x LD50 of the G. AgNPs and C. AgNPs for mice were found to be 812 mg/kg and 575 mg/kg of the body weight respectively. Liver enzymes were studied from liver tissue and blood serum samples collected from G. AgNP-treated and C. AgNP (100 mg/kg dose)-treated mice for 21 days. We observed a significant decrease in catalase (72.8 versus 86) and GST (0.4 versus 0.32) for G. AgNPs vs C. AgNPs respectively; whereas an increase of SOD is reported (3.05 vs 2.26 respectively). Hence, the development of nanoparticles by green synthesis may be the safer, cost-effective, and eco-friendly option as compared to chemical synthesis.
Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2019
Although, lipid lowering drugs regulate the blood serum lipids, they have several reported side e... more Although, lipid lowering drugs regulate the blood serum lipids, they have several reported side effects. Therefore, a substance that is less toxic and yet effective would be beneficial. Here, we compared the antihypercholesterolemic effects of combinations of homeopathic mother tincture (HMT) Allium sativa Q (garlic) and Curcuma longa Q (turmeric), with standard lipid lowering drug statin. For experimentation, a total of 20 rabbits were recruited and divided into four groups with five rabbits (n = 5). Normal saline (NS) group served as control; second group served as high fat diet (HFD) group, third group received Allium sativa Q (garlic) and Curcuma longa Q (turmeric) and HFD (T and G group) while the fourth group received statin and HFD (statin group). At the end of the 8th week, blood was collected to analyze the comparative efficacy of Allium sativa Q, Curcuma longa Q and statin on total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL) and trigly...
THE PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL, 2017
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the leading causes of death. Short sleep duration may incr... more Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the leading causes of death. Short sleep duration may increase the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The study was designed to evaluate the association between CAD and sleep duration. Objectives: To determine the frequency of patients who have short sleep duration may suffer from CAD. Study design: Case series. Setting: Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC), Lahore. Period: It was carried out in six months. Methods: 400 patients admitted who presented with IHD. Sleep duration was categorized into three categories like <6 hours, 6-8 hours and >8 hours. Angiography was performed for patients who have CAD. Results: Sleep duration was <6 hours, 6-8 hours, and >8 hours in 172 (43%), 124 (31%) and 104 (26%) patients respectively. Significant CAD was presented among 84 (21%) patients of sleep duration <6 hours, 16 (4%) patients of sleep duration 6-8 hours and 32 (8%) patients of >8 hours sleep duration. Conclusions: Significant number of patients has short sleep time and suffering from CAD.
Molecular biology reports, Jan 5, 2018
This article details our recommendations for the deadly outbreak of chickenpox to consider the ad... more This article details our recommendations for the deadly outbreak of chickenpox to consider the additional referral of the absence of a monitoring system of prevention and control along with poor vaccination system for children in low-resource settings. The recent spread of chickenpox outbreak in Pakistan has claimed dozens of lives. The deaths in this current outbreak in quick successions are beyond understanding. Re-emergence of chickenpox in the area has raised many questions. Keeping in view the spread of chickenpox mainly in Faisalabad and its international reputation in trading, chickenpox breakout needs international attention to control its spread. It should be taken as an eye opener for the Government of Pakistan and government should develop and implement Centralized Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System that will help to narrow down the pathogens as far as the epidemics are concerned and also for early preventive and countermeasure response.
Biologia (Lahore, Pakistan)
The biosorption of mercury [Hg (II)] ions by using dead biomass of green alga, Oedogonium urceola... more The biosorption of mercury [Hg (II)] ions by using dead biomass of green alga, Oedogonium urceolatum was studied. Effects of various physico-chemical parameters were also determined, such as algal dose, contact time, pH and initial metal ion concentration in a batch system. Optimum biosorption was recorded at 300mg/L of initial metal ion concentration and 0.3g/L of biomass concentration. Contact time required to achieve optimum biosorption was 90 minutes and optimum pH was recorded as 4. Optimum value for the removal of Hg +2 was found to be 375 mg/g. Various adsorption isotherms were employed to analyze the experimental data of which Langmuir isotherm was found most suitable, showing monolayer adsorption. Pseudo-second order model was found suitable for the kinetic interpretation of the data. Analysis of Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra indicated the role of electronegative functional groups on algal surface responsible for binding of Hg (II) ions.
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences
Fluoride has been considered to cause hepatic and renal tissue damages in animals and humans. The... more Fluoride has been considered to cause hepatic and renal tissue damages in animals and humans. The present study investigated the effect of varying concentrations of fluoride on hepatic and renal enzyme profile in domestic chicken (n=80). Chicken were distributed into 4 groups. Group A was kept unexposed while group B, C and D were exposed to 10, 20 and 30 µg/g body weight of NaF respectively on weekly basis for four weeks. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino-transferase (ALT) and bilirubin were determined as indicators of liver function test (LFT), while uric acid was as a parameter for renal function test (RFT). All LFT and RFT parameters showed high values (P< 0.05) after one, two three and four weeks in all groups. 579.4 ± 1.55, 355.0 ± 2.13, 246.2 ± 2.45 and 0.83 ± 1.46 were the ALP, AST, ALAT and bilirubin values for LFT and uric acid was 6.74 ± 2.92 in D group at the end of four weeks. All these results indicate the probability of sev...
Biologia (Lahore, Pakistan)
This paper presents an overview of the biochemical aspects of shellfish nutrition especially that... more This paper presents an overview of the biochemical aspects of shellfish nutrition especially that of prawn (Penaeus japonicus). Although the nutritive requirements of the prawn are same as for other animals (adequate levels of protein, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins) for their growth. The study with prawn has revealed its unique aspects of metabolism; especially lipid metabolism. Based on this biochemical knowledge, various formulations of artificial diets have been used for the mass requirement of different growth stages of P. japonicus.
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences
Uptake of hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) using dead biomass of green algae, Spirogyra spp. to evalua... more Uptake of hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) using dead biomass of green algae, Spirogyra spp. to evaluate biosorption capacity with special emphasis on its mechanistic aspect was studied. Optimum biosorption of Cr (VI) was observed at pH 4.0 (265mg/g), biomass concentration of 1mg/g, and temperature 303K.Various adsorption isotherms were employed to analyze the experimental data of which Langmuir isotherm was found most suitable, showing monolayer adsorption. Pseudo-second order model was found suitable for the kinetic interpretation of the data. Various thermodynamic parameters were calculated and the biosorption was found to be spontaneous, endothermic and feasible under the given conditions. Analysis of FTIR spectra indicated the presence and role of electronegative functional groups on algal surface responsible for binding of Cr (VI) ions.
Journal of Materials Science
Biomolecules-based surface modifications of nanomaterials may yield effective and biocompatible n... more Biomolecules-based surface modifications of nanomaterials may yield effective and biocompatible nanoconjugates. This study was designed to evaluate gold nanoconjugates (AuNCs) for their altered antioxidant potential. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and their conjugates gave SPR peaks in the ranges of 512-525 nm, with red or blueshift for different conjugates. Cys-AuNCs demonstrated enhanced (p \ 0.05) and Gly-AuNCs (p [ 0.05) displayed reduced DPPH activity. Gly-AuNCs and Tyr-AuNCs displayed enhanced ferricreducing power and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, respectively. Cadmium-intoxicated mice were exposed to gold nanomaterials, and the level of various endogenous parameters, i.e., CAT, GST, SOD, GSH, and MTs, was evaluated. GSH and MTs in liver tissues of the cadmium-exposed group (G2) were elevated (p \ 0.05), while other groups showed nonsignificance deviations than the control group. It is concluded that these nanoconjugates might provide effective nanomaterials for biomedical applications. However, more detailed studies for their safety profiling are needed before their practical applications.
Czech Journal of Animal Science
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of pectin supplemented feeds on the growth,... more The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of pectin supplemented feeds on the growth, gut morphology and immunology of Labeo rohita. Experimental feeds containing various concentrations of pectin including control (0%), T1 (0.5%), T2 (1.0%), T3 (2.0%), and T4 (4.0%) were administered to L. rohita twice per day at a rate of 3% body weight. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in average final weight, weight gain%, net weight gain and specific growth rate observed in treatment groups in order of control > T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 while feed conversion ratio was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in T4 compared to the other groups T3 > T2 > T1 > control. Immunological parameters of peroxidase, protease and antiprotease (trypsin) showed significant (P < 0.05) results between control and treated groups. Peroxidase activity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in T4 group fish compared to T3 > T2 > T1 > control group. Total protein, protease and antiprotease activity were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the control compared to treatment groups T1 > T2 > T3 > T4. An increased level of the nonstarch polysaccharide pectin in feed caused acute effects on gut morphometry. Villus length, villus width, and an increase in mucosal folds were abnormal but no significant (P > 0.05) abnormality was observed in the control group. In the submucosal part of the intestine, hyperplasia was shown in loose connective tissues and in adipose tissue cells in the treated groups. In conclusion, dietary pectin supplementation from 0.5% to 4% had negative effects on the growth, immunological parameters and gut histomorphology of L. rohita.
Aquaculture Studies
Aquaculturists have been concentrating their efforts to design aquafeeds using agro by-products t... more Aquaculturists have been concentrating their efforts to design aquafeeds using agro by-products to reduce feed costs. However, the presence of a wide variety of antinutritional factors (ANFs) in plant materials is one of the major obstacles. For this purpose, a 2x2 factorial experiment was established to evaluate the suitability of canola meal with citric acid (CA) and phytase (PHY) supplementation for growth performance, nutrient digestibility and body composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets; D1 (control; without CA and PHY), D2 (CA 15 g/kg+PHY 1000 FTU/kg), D3 (CA 30 g/kg+PHY 1000 FTU/kg), D4 (CA 15 g/kg+PHY 2000 FTU/kg) and D5 (CA 30 g/kg+PHY 2000 FTU/kg) were fed to fish (mean initial weight 7.61±0.31 g) in triplicates for 90-days. The growth performance was significantly increased while feed conversion ratio was decreased with D3 compared to control and other CA and PHY supplemented groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, higher digestibility ...
Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2018
Present research was planned to evaluate the breeding and feeding behaviour of Indian peafowl rea... more Present research was planned to evaluate the breeding and feeding behaviour of Indian peafowl reared in captivity at Zoological Gardens of Government and Private Sector. For feeding behaviour, a total of fifty pairs (n=100) of Pavo cristatus at both Government Zoological Gardens (n=25pairs) and Private Sectors (n=25pairs) were observed on daily basis. The breeding season of Indian peafowl is not fixed but mostly it breeds in rainy season from April to August. It was observed that most of birds at Government Zoological Gardens breed in month of May, while most of birds at Private Sectors breed in the month of August. For feeding behaviour a total of 200 faecal samples per week were collected for six weeks, out of which 100 samples per week were randomly selected for further analysis. Faecal analysis technique showed that dietary components of Indian peafowl were covered by plant contents following by animal sources. Among the plants components grass seeds were predominant followed by...
Buffalo Bulletin, 2018
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by different fungus species which are harmful both ... more Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by different fungus species which are harmful both for the animals and human beings. In this study, feed samples were taken from different livestock farms and commercial feed mills and levels of aflatoxin B1 and prevalence of Aspergillus species in each sample was recorded. The anti-fungal potential of different plant extracts was also evaluated. The aflatoxin B1 was measured by HPLC. Results showed Aflatoxin B1 was most prevalent in feed collected from the farms as compared to commercial feed mills. Six genera of fungus were found and 14 species of these six genera were identified. Comparative efficacy of methanolic extracts of garlic (Allium sativum L.), clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and neem (Azadirachta indica) were determined by agar well diffusion method. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) showed significantly higher antifungal activity followed by clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and neem (Azadirachta indica) at (P<0.05).
Introduction: Fasciculation and myalgia are the two most common and distressing side effects of s... more Introduction: Fasciculation and myalgia are the two most common and distressing side effects of succinylcholine administration. Many drugs have been tried to prevent or reduce this unpleasant happening with variable success. In this comparative study, we evaluated the preventive effect of pregabalin on the occurrence of succinylcholine induced fasciculation and myalgia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methodology: This, randomized controlled trial, was done in operating rooms of a teaching hospital over a period of six months. 70 patients of either sex, of ASA physical status 1 & 2, electively scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, were recruited for the study. Selected patients were divided into two groups with 35 patients in each group by lottery method of randomization. Study group – Group P received 150 mg of pregabalin orally two hours before anesthesia and Group C (control group) received placebo pills two hours before induction. Standard general anesth...
Animal Biotechnology, 2021
The aim of this investigation was to find single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the myostatin... more The aim of this investigation was to find single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the myostatin (MSTN) and the beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) genes associated with growth and ultrasound carcass traits in Kajli sheep. The five growth traits were birth weight (BWT-EBV), 120-day weight (120DWT-EBV), 180-day weight (180DWT-EBV), 270-day weight (270DWT-EBV), and 365-day weight (365DWT-EBV). The three ultrasound carcass traits were width (WLD) and depth of longissimus dorsi (DLD) and back fat thickness (BFT). The analysis of the MSTN sequence revealed one non-synonymous substitution (c.197T > A) in exon 1, one single nucleotide substitution (c.373 + 18G > T) in intron 1, and one synonymous substitution (c.861T > A) in exon 3. However, there were four single nucleotide synonymous substitutions (c.130C > T, c.294C > G, c.579G > T, and c.654C > G) in exon 1 of the ADRB3 gene. All the SNPs in the MSTN gene, except for c.373 + 18G > T, were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). Conversely, none of the SNPs found in ADRB3 were in HWE. Two of the MSTN SNPs (c.197T > A and c.373 + 18G > T) had significant associations with all evaluated growth and ultrasound carcass traits. The SNPs c.130C > T and c.294C > G in ADRB3 were significantly associated with 180DWT-EBV. Collectively, these findings indicate that several SNPs in the studied genes were significantly related to growth and carcass traits in Kajli sheep.
South African Journal of Animal Science, 2020
Data on 2931 Kajli lambs, born from 2007 to 2018, were used to quantify environmental and genetic... more Data on 2931 Kajli lambs, born from 2007 to 2018, were used to quantify environmental and genetic effects on growth performance of Kajli sheep. Traits considered for evaluation were birth weight (BWT), 120-day adjusted weight (120DWT), 180-day adjusted weight (180DWT), 270-day adjusted weight (270DWT), and 365-day adjusted weight (365DWT). Fixed effects of year of birth, season of birth, sex, birth type, and dam age on these traits were evaluated using linear procedures of SAS, 9.1. Similarly, BWT, 120DWT, 180DWT, and 270DWT were used as fixed effects mixed model analyses. Variance components, heritability and breeding values were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood. The genetic trend for each trait was obtained by regression of the estimated breeding values (EBV) on year of birth. Analyses revealed substantial influence of birth year on all traits. Sex and birth type were the significant sources of variation for BWT and 120DWT. Season of birth did not influence birth weight ...
Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2023
Ninety days study was conducted in hapas installed in earthen ponds. Fish of an average initial w... more Ninety days study was conducted in hapas installed in earthen ponds. Fish of an average initial weight (220g) were evenly distributed in triplicate groups within fifteen hapas. Five experimental diets labeled as T1 (25% CP and NRC recommended amino acid level) as control diet, T2 (with 2% low protein and 5% amino acid supplementation), T3 (with 2% low protein and 10% amino acid supplementation), T4 (with 4% low protein and 10% amino acid supplementation) and T5 (with 4% low protein and 20% amino acid supplementation) were prepared. Fish were fed with @3% of their body weight twice a day at 10.00 & 16:00 hour. Significantly higher percent weight gain (420.18 ± 66.84a) and specific growth rate (13499.33±1273.54a) along with improved feed conversion ratio (1.29 ± 0.09b) and hundred percent survivals were recorded during the trial. Furthermore proximate analysis of meat showed significant improvement in the crude protein level (81.77 ± 0.19a) served with diet containing 20% limiting ami...
South African Journal of Animal Science, 2020
The aim of the present study was to determine the best non-linear growth function to describe the... more The aim of the present study was to determine the best non-linear growth function to describe the growth of Kajli sheep. For this aim, the Brody, von Bertalanffy, Logistic, and Gompertz models were used to describe the sigmoidal relationship between bodyweight and age of the Kajli sheep. The records obtained from the Livestock Experiment Station, Khushab, were collected between 2007 and 2018. The records comprised 9864 age-weight observations (300 for male, 9564 for female, 7392 for single, 2388 for twin, and 84 for triplet lambs), which extended from birth to 12 months old. Candidate non-linear functions were fitted and the curve parameters were estimated by nlsfit (fit non-linear models) function in R statistical package, version 3.6.1. Goodness of fit criteria that were used to evaluate predictive performances of candidate models were adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adj), Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and root means square err...
Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression, 2020
Various antiretroviral drugs do not kill or cure the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but do pr... more Various antiretroviral drugs do not kill or cure the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but do prevent the replication of the virus. The combination of antiretroviral drugs is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Current drug therapies effectively suppress HIV-1 replication but do not inactivate the provirus that persists in latent reservoirs. Guide RNA (gRNA)-directed CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used for sequence-specific attacks on this proviral DNA. The biggest achievement might be the complete elimination of HIV from infected cells. A study revealed that the tail injection, in transgenic mice and rats having HIV-1 genome, of an adenoassociated virus (AAV) vector expressing a short version of the Cas9 endonuclease (saCas9) and the gRNAs resulted in the cleavage of integrated HIV-1 DNA and excision of a DNA fragment spanning between the LTR and Gag gene in the spleen, liver, heart, kidney, and circulating lymphocytes. HIV-1 has capacity to escape the attack on its genome from most of inhibitors. Thus, to achieve successful antiretroviral treatment, combinations of several antiviral therapies have been applied that are based on two important facts. The first is that multiple drugs lead to synergistic or additive inhibition, and the second is that the combinational therapy increases chances of drug resistance. The success that has been achieved with the help of the genetically engineered tool CRISPR is that dCas9 protein alone can efficiently silence viral gene expression in bacteria with sgRNA. All the reported investigations have indicated that CRISPR/Cas9 can be used as immune machinery into human cells in the form of novel antivirus tools.
Applied Nanoscience, 2019
Nano-sized zinc is extensively used by various industries and exposure of humans to these nanopar... more Nano-sized zinc is extensively used by various industries and exposure of humans to these nanoparticles is increasing by the day. Mounting evidence suggests that health hazards are induced by metallic nanoparticles. However, at present, there is insufficient information concerning the impairment of motor functions due to exposure to metallic nanoparticles, particularly zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The present study evaluates the toxic effects of ZnO nanoparticles in Swiss albino mice. Motor functions impairments were monitored using beam balance, and pole and footprint tests. Results showed that ZnO nanoparticles cause deficits in normal motor functions. Histopathological investigations revealed significantly (p < 0.01) increased motor cortex nuclear size probably resulting from neuroinflammation/neuronal damage. Overall, it is concluded that ZnO nanoparticles induce neurotoxicity resulting in motor function impairments.
BioNanoScience, 2019
Use of nanoparticles for various industrial and biomedical applications has emerged in recent yea... more Use of nanoparticles for various industrial and biomedical applications has emerged in recent years rapidly, but their accumulation in the environment has raised concerns for their ecotoxicological profile. Instead of halting their use, emphasis should be laid to the development of safer nanoparticles. We prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by chemical synthesis as well by green synthesis method using Ocimum tenuiflorum L. plant. Characterization of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (G. AgNPs) and chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (C. AgNPs) was performed; UV-visible confirmed the optical absorption peaks at 425 nm (G. AgNPs) and 416 nm (C. AgNPs). SEM imaging confirmed the spherical shaped G. AgNPs (40-60 nm) and C. AgNPs (30-40 nm) with average sizes. FTIR analysis of G. AgNPs confirmed that alkene and aromatic compounds played an important role as capping and reducing agent. We also attempted to evaluate the toxicity profile using a mammalian model, male albino mice (BALB/c)x LD50 of the G. AgNPs and C. AgNPs for mice were found to be 812 mg/kg and 575 mg/kg of the body weight respectively. Liver enzymes were studied from liver tissue and blood serum samples collected from G. AgNP-treated and C. AgNP (100 mg/kg dose)-treated mice for 21 days. We observed a significant decrease in catalase (72.8 versus 86) and GST (0.4 versus 0.32) for G. AgNPs vs C. AgNPs respectively; whereas an increase of SOD is reported (3.05 vs 2.26 respectively). Hence, the development of nanoparticles by green synthesis may be the safer, cost-effective, and eco-friendly option as compared to chemical synthesis.
Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2019
Although, lipid lowering drugs regulate the blood serum lipids, they have several reported side e... more Although, lipid lowering drugs regulate the blood serum lipids, they have several reported side effects. Therefore, a substance that is less toxic and yet effective would be beneficial. Here, we compared the antihypercholesterolemic effects of combinations of homeopathic mother tincture (HMT) Allium sativa Q (garlic) and Curcuma longa Q (turmeric), with standard lipid lowering drug statin. For experimentation, a total of 20 rabbits were recruited and divided into four groups with five rabbits (n = 5). Normal saline (NS) group served as control; second group served as high fat diet (HFD) group, third group received Allium sativa Q (garlic) and Curcuma longa Q (turmeric) and HFD (T and G group) while the fourth group received statin and HFD (statin group). At the end of the 8th week, blood was collected to analyze the comparative efficacy of Allium sativa Q, Curcuma longa Q and statin on total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL) and trigly...
THE PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL, 2017
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the leading causes of death. Short sleep duration may incr... more Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the leading causes of death. Short sleep duration may increase the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The study was designed to evaluate the association between CAD and sleep duration. Objectives: To determine the frequency of patients who have short sleep duration may suffer from CAD. Study design: Case series. Setting: Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC), Lahore. Period: It was carried out in six months. Methods: 400 patients admitted who presented with IHD. Sleep duration was categorized into three categories like <6 hours, 6-8 hours and >8 hours. Angiography was performed for patients who have CAD. Results: Sleep duration was <6 hours, 6-8 hours, and >8 hours in 172 (43%), 124 (31%) and 104 (26%) patients respectively. Significant CAD was presented among 84 (21%) patients of sleep duration <6 hours, 16 (4%) patients of sleep duration 6-8 hours and 32 (8%) patients of >8 hours sleep duration. Conclusions: Significant number of patients has short sleep time and suffering from CAD.
Molecular biology reports, Jan 5, 2018
This article details our recommendations for the deadly outbreak of chickenpox to consider the ad... more This article details our recommendations for the deadly outbreak of chickenpox to consider the additional referral of the absence of a monitoring system of prevention and control along with poor vaccination system for children in low-resource settings. The recent spread of chickenpox outbreak in Pakistan has claimed dozens of lives. The deaths in this current outbreak in quick successions are beyond understanding. Re-emergence of chickenpox in the area has raised many questions. Keeping in view the spread of chickenpox mainly in Faisalabad and its international reputation in trading, chickenpox breakout needs international attention to control its spread. It should be taken as an eye opener for the Government of Pakistan and government should develop and implement Centralized Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System that will help to narrow down the pathogens as far as the epidemics are concerned and also for early preventive and countermeasure response.
Biologia (Lahore, Pakistan)
The biosorption of mercury [Hg (II)] ions by using dead biomass of green alga, Oedogonium urceola... more The biosorption of mercury [Hg (II)] ions by using dead biomass of green alga, Oedogonium urceolatum was studied. Effects of various physico-chemical parameters were also determined, such as algal dose, contact time, pH and initial metal ion concentration in a batch system. Optimum biosorption was recorded at 300mg/L of initial metal ion concentration and 0.3g/L of biomass concentration. Contact time required to achieve optimum biosorption was 90 minutes and optimum pH was recorded as 4. Optimum value for the removal of Hg +2 was found to be 375 mg/g. Various adsorption isotherms were employed to analyze the experimental data of which Langmuir isotherm was found most suitable, showing monolayer adsorption. Pseudo-second order model was found suitable for the kinetic interpretation of the data. Analysis of Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra indicated the role of electronegative functional groups on algal surface responsible for binding of Hg (II) ions.
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences
Fluoride has been considered to cause hepatic and renal tissue damages in animals and humans. The... more Fluoride has been considered to cause hepatic and renal tissue damages in animals and humans. The present study investigated the effect of varying concentrations of fluoride on hepatic and renal enzyme profile in domestic chicken (n=80). Chicken were distributed into 4 groups. Group A was kept unexposed while group B, C and D were exposed to 10, 20 and 30 µg/g body weight of NaF respectively on weekly basis for four weeks. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino-transferase (ALT) and bilirubin were determined as indicators of liver function test (LFT), while uric acid was as a parameter for renal function test (RFT). All LFT and RFT parameters showed high values (P< 0.05) after one, two three and four weeks in all groups. 579.4 ± 1.55, 355.0 ± 2.13, 246.2 ± 2.45 and 0.83 ± 1.46 were the ALP, AST, ALAT and bilirubin values for LFT and uric acid was 6.74 ± 2.92 in D group at the end of four weeks. All these results indicate the probability of sev...
Biologia (Lahore, Pakistan)
This paper presents an overview of the biochemical aspects of shellfish nutrition especially that... more This paper presents an overview of the biochemical aspects of shellfish nutrition especially that of prawn (Penaeus japonicus). Although the nutritive requirements of the prawn are same as for other animals (adequate levels of protein, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins) for their growth. The study with prawn has revealed its unique aspects of metabolism; especially lipid metabolism. Based on this biochemical knowledge, various formulations of artificial diets have been used for the mass requirement of different growth stages of P. japonicus.
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences
Uptake of hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) using dead biomass of green algae, Spirogyra spp. to evalua... more Uptake of hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) using dead biomass of green algae, Spirogyra spp. to evaluate biosorption capacity with special emphasis on its mechanistic aspect was studied. Optimum biosorption of Cr (VI) was observed at pH 4.0 (265mg/g), biomass concentration of 1mg/g, and temperature 303K.Various adsorption isotherms were employed to analyze the experimental data of which Langmuir isotherm was found most suitable, showing monolayer adsorption. Pseudo-second order model was found suitable for the kinetic interpretation of the data. Various thermodynamic parameters were calculated and the biosorption was found to be spontaneous, endothermic and feasible under the given conditions. Analysis of FTIR spectra indicated the presence and role of electronegative functional groups on algal surface responsible for binding of Cr (VI) ions.
Journal of Materials Science
Biomolecules-based surface modifications of nanomaterials may yield effective and biocompatible n... more Biomolecules-based surface modifications of nanomaterials may yield effective and biocompatible nanoconjugates. This study was designed to evaluate gold nanoconjugates (AuNCs) for their altered antioxidant potential. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and their conjugates gave SPR peaks in the ranges of 512-525 nm, with red or blueshift for different conjugates. Cys-AuNCs demonstrated enhanced (p \ 0.05) and Gly-AuNCs (p [ 0.05) displayed reduced DPPH activity. Gly-AuNCs and Tyr-AuNCs displayed enhanced ferricreducing power and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, respectively. Cadmium-intoxicated mice were exposed to gold nanomaterials, and the level of various endogenous parameters, i.e., CAT, GST, SOD, GSH, and MTs, was evaluated. GSH and MTs in liver tissues of the cadmium-exposed group (G2) were elevated (p \ 0.05), while other groups showed nonsignificance deviations than the control group. It is concluded that these nanoconjugates might provide effective nanomaterials for biomedical applications. However, more detailed studies for their safety profiling are needed before their practical applications.