Prof. Dr. Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad | University Of Veterinary And Animal Sciences Lahore (original) (raw)
Papers by Prof. Dr. Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad
Animals
Bovine brucellosis is a contagious zoonotic disease that causes economic losses through abortion ... more Bovine brucellosis is a contagious zoonotic disease that causes economic losses through abortion and infertility. A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis in district Gujranwala of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 220 bovine sera (112 from buffaloes, 108 from cattle) from 46 unvaccinated herds were collected. Parallel testing by the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Indirect Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (I-ELISA) showed a 58.7% (27/46) herd-level and 22.7% (50/220) animal-level seroprevalence. Seroprevalence was higher (p < 0.001, OR = 7.62) in adult animals (37.2%) compared to younger animals (4.9%). A herd size of >10 animals (p = 0.021, OR = 7.83), less housing space (p = 0.037, OR = 6.39) and history of abortion at the farm (p = 0.023, OR = 5.6) were found as risk factors associated with the seropositivity of brucellosis. There was a substantial agreement between the RBPT and I-ELISA results (Co...
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2014
The aim of study was to evaluate efficacy of extracted Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) from chick en kee... more The aim of study was to evaluate efficacy of extracted Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) from chick en keel cartilages, its comparison with standard CS from shark origin alone and in co mbination with Glucosamine Sulfate (GS) in developed and standardized papain induced Osteoarthritis (OA) rat model. Control group (normal) received sterile normal saline solution while experimental group's papain intra-articularly. Induction of OA in relation to time was assessed on the basis of histological lesions scores. Statistical mean histological lesion s score on 28 th day of post papain injection in OA rats was 12.82±1.64. On the basis of data obtained, 29 th day of post papain injection was decided as cut off point for starting the therapy for OA. Efficacy of treatments among control and OA groups (un -treated and treated) was assessed on the basis of histological le sions scores. Treatments started from 29 th day were continued till 60 th day of post papain injection. Histological lesion s scor...
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2013
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic debilitating disease of articular joints in human beings and ani... more Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic debilitating disease of articular joints in human beings and animals. Severity of this drastic malady relate directly with extent of changes at molecular level in affected joint. Progressive structural changes in knee joint cartilage during development of OA were graded using modified Mankin scoring system. OA was induced in male Wister rats (n=25) by injecting papain (10mg/joint) and compared with control group of rats (n=5) receiving sterile saline solution. Papain injected rats were divided into five groups (n=5) and sacrificed under high dose of anesthetic ether after 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. OA and control knee joints were removed and extent of histological changes in cartilage structure was assessed. Histological features of rat cartilage included were surface layer, population of chondrocytes, orientation of chondrocyte columns, morphology of cells and matrix. Score was allocated based on the severity of changes occurred in cartilage micro-te...
Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2020
Amylases production potential of non-toxigenic starch hydrolyzing indigenous Aspergillus niger wa... more Amylases production potential of non-toxigenic starch hydrolyzing indigenous Aspergillus niger was determined. A. niger soil isolates (06) identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characters were screened for amylases production on starch agar. Three isolates (ANS03, ANS06 and ANS10) with higher starch hydrolyzing index (0.24, 0.25 and 0.20 respectively) were selected for optimization of physical and chemical conditions for higher enzyme production. Physicochemical factors including pH (4.5, 6, and 7.5), temperature (22, 28, and 37°C), substrates (maize, rice husk and wheat bran) and substrate concentration (1, 3, and 5%) were evaluated for dynamics in amylases production potential by one time one factor method. Post incubation of seven days with standardized inoculums (10 6 spores / mL) of selected isolates, filtrates were obtained. Qualitatively, extracellular enzymes in filtrate were detected by iodine test and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). All isolates showed starch hydrolysis to some extent by iodine test. Electrophoresis analysis revealed three proteins with 50.12, 48.98 and 37.15kDa molecular weights. Amylases were quantified from filtrates by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Among three isolates, ANS06 is the best producer with 150.61±3.26 IU amylase activity at 37°C, pH 6 and wheat bran (5%) and lowest amylase activity was found (.039±.03) at same temperature and pH but with maize (1%). ANS03 showed highest amylase activity (40.04IU±.37) at 37°C, pH 6 using 5 percent maize as substrate and lowest activity was (0.56±.08). The maximum enzyme production of ANS10 was 86.23±1.31IU at 37°C, pH 6 and 5 percent wheat bran and lowest 0.04±0.01 IU. Statistically, all isolates showed significant difference in amylase activity at all selected physical and chemical conditions. It was concluded that starch hydrolyzing potential of indigenous A. niger isolate can be used for mass production.
Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2019
Authors' Contribution MN, MUD and MR designed the project. IK and MAA collected samples. IK and A... more Authors' Contribution MN, MUD and MR designed the project. IK and MAA collected samples. IK and AM executed experiments. MN and AAA analysed data. AM, IK and MN prepared the manuscript.
Japs Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2012
A total of 144 blood samples were collected from apparently emaciated and anemic Nili-Ravi buffal... more A total of 144 blood samples were collected from apparently emaciated and anemic Nili-Ravi buffaloes in and around Livestock Experiment Station Bahadurnagar Okara during December, 2008 to May, 2009 including all age groups and either sex. They were screened for the presence of trypanosomes through stained (Hemacolor™, Merck) thin blood smears. The cases were confirmed as T. evansi through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA of the trypanosomes was isolated using trizol reagent. The assay employed primers ESAG 6/7 specific for 237 bp fragment from T. evansi genomic DNA which was subsequently electrophorised and analyzed on UV transilluminator. Eight samples (5.5%) were positive microscopically while 16 samples (11.11 %) were found positive through PCR, indicating the specificity and sensitivity of PCR for surveying the disease in epidemiological studies. All the diseased buffaloes were treated with diminazene aceturate (FA.TRY.
Pakistan journal of zoology
Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2014
Journal of Veterinary & …, 2008
An attempt was made to standardize an in-house immuno-enzyme assay for measuring antibodies of in... more An attempt was made to standardize an in-house immuno-enzyme assay for measuring antibodies of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in chicken. The test was performed after coating plates with ELISA antigens prepared by two methods. Antigen "A" was prepared from infectious bursal disease virus infected chicken embryo fibroblasts culture by concentration with dialysis against PEG-6000 while antigen "B" was prepared reconstituting a live infectious bursal disease virus vaccine. The optimum dilution of antigen "A" and "B" was found to be 1:300 and 1:600 respectively. Both the antigens produced acceptable and comparable results but antigen "B" is conventional due to ease of preparation and to avoid a time consuming and costly procedure of cell culture. The rabbit anti-chicken immunoglobulin-G conjugated to horseradish peroxidase was used at a dilution of 1:2000. The assay was evaluated by testing chicken serum samples of different age groups (1-day-old broiler breeder and broiler chicks, 13 weeks old vaccinated layer breeder birds and 30 week old vaccinated broiler breeder birds). The efficiency of the standardized ELISA was compared with a commercially available ELISA kit. The results indicated that in-house developed ELISA was equally as sensitive and specific as commercially available kit in detection of antibodies against IBDV.
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2022
Background Influenza A virus (IAV) remains an important global public health threat with limited ... more Background Influenza A virus (IAV) remains an important global public health threat with limited epidemiological information available from low-and-middle-income countries. The major objective of this study was to describe the proportions, temporal and spatial distribution, and demographic and clinical characteristics of IAV positive patients with influenza like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods Prospective surveillance was established in a sentinel hospital from October 2015 to May 2016. All eligible outpatients and inpatients with ILI or SARI were enrolled in the study. Nasal and/or throat swabs were collected along with clinico-epidemiological data. Samples were tested by real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) to identify IAV and subtype. The descriptive analysis of data was done in R software. Results Out of 311 enrolled patients, 284 (91.3%) were ILI and 27 (8.7%) were SARI cases. A distinct peak of ILI and SARI activity was observed in ...
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2014
Antibiotic susceptibility p attern of Pasteurella multocida causing hemorrhagic septicemia in buf... more Antibiotic susceptibility p attern of Pasteurella multocida causing hemorrhagic septicemia in buffaloes was determined. The Pasteurella multocida (n=11) were isolated from healthy (04) and diseased buffaloes (07) of four districts of Sargodha division. Isolates were identified by cul tural, biochemical and serological characteristics, and confirmed by specie specific polymerase chain reaction. All isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing against gentamicin, erythromycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cip rofloxacin, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, sulfadiazine and amikacin by disc diffusion method. Results revealed that P. multocida were highly sensitive to enrofloxacin (90.91 %) followed by gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin (72.73%). Susceptibility of P. multocida isolates was low against ampicillin and amoxicillin (45.45%), amikacin (36.36%), sulfadiazine (18.18%) and erythromycin (18.18%). It was concluded that quinolones (enrof...
Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 2017
In Pakistan, avian influenza surveillance has been both active and passive. Here, we present the ... more In Pakistan, avian influenza surveillance has been both active and passive. Here, we present the results of a survey effort focusing solely on the live bird markets and wild bird species from diffe ...
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2012
Brucellosis is considered the most important zoonosis worldwide with high prevalence among livest... more Brucellosis is considered the most important zoonosis worldwide with high prevalence among livestock. A total of 780 cattle (n = 405) and buffalo (n = 375) serum samples were collected from abattoirQuetta, Balochistan and evaluated for the presence of antibrucella antibodies, using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and indirect enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) respectively. The overall prevalence of 3 % and 3.20 % was recorded through RBPT and i -ELISA respectively.In samples collected from cattle (n=405) the higher seroprevalence of 3.95 % and 5.9 % was recorded than buffaloes (n= 375) with 2.1% and 0.265 using RBPT and i -ELISA respectively. Similarly a relatively higher seroprevalence offoundin female animals as 3.72 % and 3.88 % using RBPT and ELlSA respectively. While the prevalence in male was 0.6% using both the test. These results revealed that RBPT and ELISA can be used for large scale screening of brucella antibodes in animals. These fi ndings suggest an alarming s...
Food Science & Nutrition, 2020
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Archives on Veterinary Science and Technology, 2017
Thirty-Six bovine calves less than three months of age were purchased from the Market and reared ... more Thirty-Six bovine calves less than three months of age were purchased from the Market and reared under standard manage mental conditions. Prior to start the experiment claves were examined for the presence of endoparasite and treated accordingly. The calves were provided green fodder along with concentrates. After one week of deworming and acclimatization, 36 calves were divided into 6 groups. Group A, B, C, D and E were experimentally infected at the rate of 20000 oocysts of E. bovis Group 1 (Healthy control 1) was kept as healthy control (Non-infected and non-medicated). In present study, efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against coccidiosis in cow calves was determined. It was concluded amprolium, lasalocid, sulphaquinoxaline, toltrazuril were very effective in treatment of coccidiosis in calves. Non-significant difference-(P>0.05) was observed in percentage efficacy of all four anti coccidial drugs at day 28 onward, i.e 100% for Amprolim, Sulphaquinoxaline, Toltrazuril and 99% for lasalocid. All the four drugs showed satisfactory results at their recommended dose against coccidiosis in cow calves and no toxic effects were found during and after treatment.
Toxins, 2019
The manifestation of aflatoxins in feed and food is a major issue in the world as its presence le... more The manifestation of aflatoxins in feed and food is a major issue in the world as its presence leads to some health problems. This study investigates the incidence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in raw milk samples which were collected from Punjab, Pakistan. The Cluster Random Sampling technique was used to collect 960 milk samples from five different regions, and samples were collected every month. The AFM1 level in raw milk was analyzed by the ELISA technique. The findings demonstrate that 70% of samples exceeded the United States permissible maximum residue limits (MRL 0.50 µg/L), with an overall AFM1 level that ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 µg/L. AFM1 contamination varied with the season: The highest average contamination was detected in winter (0.875 µg/L), followed by autumn (0.751 µg/L), spring (0.654 µg/L), and summer (0.455 µg/L). The Eastern region exhibited the highest average AFM1 contamination (0.705 µg/L). Milk samples from the Northern region were found to be widely co...
Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology, 2014
The immunizing effect of inactivated sporulated oocyst and inactivated sonicated vaccines against... more The immunizing effect of inactivated sporulated oocyst and inactivated sonicated vaccines against bovine coccidiosis was observed in calves. Indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test was developed for detecting antibodies to coccidian. Serum antibody levels in calves were measured against soluble oocyst (sporulated) antigen. IHA antibody titer was significantly higher (P<0.05) in calves vaccinated with inactivated sonicated vaccines as compared to the calves vaccinated with inactivated sporulated vaccines. Results of the challenge experiments indicated that the inactivated sonicated vaccine gave protection to the challenge calves as immune calves contained high level of antibodies that resisted heavy dose of challenge. Disease was observed in control group (non-vaccinated) calves post challenge whereas vaccinated remained healthy. Then the oocyst count per gram of faeces was significantly higher (P<0.05) in control group (unvaccinated) as compared with the vaccinated groups.
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences
Milk samples (n=200) of dairy goats from D. G. Khan and Lahore districts (n=100, each), Punjab, P... more Milk samples (n=200) of dairy goats from D. G. Khan and Lahore districts (n=100, each), Punjab, Pakistan were screened with Whiteside Test (WST) for sub-clinical mastitis. Samples positive for mastitis were cultured for bacterial growth on blood agar. Bacterial growth was obtained in 45 % milk samples (90/200). From WST positive milk samples, 146 bacterial isolates were identified on the basis of colonial, microscopic and biochemical profiles. Highest prevalence was of Staphylococcus aureus (61.64 %) followed by Escherichia coli (10.96 %), Streptococcus spp. (9.59 %), Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp. (6.85 %, each) and Corynebacterium spp. (4.11 %). Staph. aureus, E. coli and Strep. spp. isolates (n=10, each) were tested for antibiotic resistance against ten selected antibiotics used for treatment of mastitis in field. Highest resistance (58.69%) was recorded against Penicillin. Percent resistance of bacterial isolates to more than two antibiotic classes was 44.44, declared as multip...
Pakistan J. Zool, 2012
Abstract.-A study was conducted to characterize caprine mycoplasma species and to know its preval... more Abstract.-A study was conducted to characterize caprine mycoplasma species and to know its prevalence in different areas of Pakistan during 2006 to 2007. A total of 1440 samples (including nasal discharge, pleural fluid, lung tissue, synovial fluid, and milk (1180), and ...
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2012
During extreme months of winter, December and January, every year, the migratory birds from Siber... more During extreme months of winter, December and January, every year, the migratory birds from Siberia travel to Indus Valley and other parts of Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. These migratory birds include, ducks, geese, swans and the water fowls. These birds are known to carry all avian influenza viruses and by shedding virus, they are assumed to be vector. Samples were collected from migratory and non migratory wild birds at lakes, zoo and live bird market. Samples were processed in the National Reference Laboratory of Poultry Diseases, National Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Islamabad for virus isolation, HI and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of H3, H5, H7 and H9 serotypes of avian influenza virus type A. It was concluded that migratory birds flying over the Pakistan territory were negative against H3, H5 and H7. However, positive samples for H9 serotype were found in backyard poultry.
Animals
Bovine brucellosis is a contagious zoonotic disease that causes economic losses through abortion ... more Bovine brucellosis is a contagious zoonotic disease that causes economic losses through abortion and infertility. A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis in district Gujranwala of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 220 bovine sera (112 from buffaloes, 108 from cattle) from 46 unvaccinated herds were collected. Parallel testing by the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Indirect Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (I-ELISA) showed a 58.7% (27/46) herd-level and 22.7% (50/220) animal-level seroprevalence. Seroprevalence was higher (p < 0.001, OR = 7.62) in adult animals (37.2%) compared to younger animals (4.9%). A herd size of >10 animals (p = 0.021, OR = 7.83), less housing space (p = 0.037, OR = 6.39) and history of abortion at the farm (p = 0.023, OR = 5.6) were found as risk factors associated with the seropositivity of brucellosis. There was a substantial agreement between the RBPT and I-ELISA results (Co...
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2014
The aim of study was to evaluate efficacy of extracted Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) from chick en kee... more The aim of study was to evaluate efficacy of extracted Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) from chick en keel cartilages, its comparison with standard CS from shark origin alone and in co mbination with Glucosamine Sulfate (GS) in developed and standardized papain induced Osteoarthritis (OA) rat model. Control group (normal) received sterile normal saline solution while experimental group's papain intra-articularly. Induction of OA in relation to time was assessed on the basis of histological lesions scores. Statistical mean histological lesion s score on 28 th day of post papain injection in OA rats was 12.82±1.64. On the basis of data obtained, 29 th day of post papain injection was decided as cut off point for starting the therapy for OA. Efficacy of treatments among control and OA groups (un -treated and treated) was assessed on the basis of histological le sions scores. Treatments started from 29 th day were continued till 60 th day of post papain injection. Histological lesion s scor...
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2013
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic debilitating disease of articular joints in human beings and ani... more Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic debilitating disease of articular joints in human beings and animals. Severity of this drastic malady relate directly with extent of changes at molecular level in affected joint. Progressive structural changes in knee joint cartilage during development of OA were graded using modified Mankin scoring system. OA was induced in male Wister rats (n=25) by injecting papain (10mg/joint) and compared with control group of rats (n=5) receiving sterile saline solution. Papain injected rats were divided into five groups (n=5) and sacrificed under high dose of anesthetic ether after 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. OA and control knee joints were removed and extent of histological changes in cartilage structure was assessed. Histological features of rat cartilage included were surface layer, population of chondrocytes, orientation of chondrocyte columns, morphology of cells and matrix. Score was allocated based on the severity of changes occurred in cartilage micro-te...
Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2020
Amylases production potential of non-toxigenic starch hydrolyzing indigenous Aspergillus niger wa... more Amylases production potential of non-toxigenic starch hydrolyzing indigenous Aspergillus niger was determined. A. niger soil isolates (06) identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characters were screened for amylases production on starch agar. Three isolates (ANS03, ANS06 and ANS10) with higher starch hydrolyzing index (0.24, 0.25 and 0.20 respectively) were selected for optimization of physical and chemical conditions for higher enzyme production. Physicochemical factors including pH (4.5, 6, and 7.5), temperature (22, 28, and 37°C), substrates (maize, rice husk and wheat bran) and substrate concentration (1, 3, and 5%) were evaluated for dynamics in amylases production potential by one time one factor method. Post incubation of seven days with standardized inoculums (10 6 spores / mL) of selected isolates, filtrates were obtained. Qualitatively, extracellular enzymes in filtrate were detected by iodine test and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). All isolates showed starch hydrolysis to some extent by iodine test. Electrophoresis analysis revealed three proteins with 50.12, 48.98 and 37.15kDa molecular weights. Amylases were quantified from filtrates by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Among three isolates, ANS06 is the best producer with 150.61±3.26 IU amylase activity at 37°C, pH 6 and wheat bran (5%) and lowest amylase activity was found (.039±.03) at same temperature and pH but with maize (1%). ANS03 showed highest amylase activity (40.04IU±.37) at 37°C, pH 6 using 5 percent maize as substrate and lowest activity was (0.56±.08). The maximum enzyme production of ANS10 was 86.23±1.31IU at 37°C, pH 6 and 5 percent wheat bran and lowest 0.04±0.01 IU. Statistically, all isolates showed significant difference in amylase activity at all selected physical and chemical conditions. It was concluded that starch hydrolyzing potential of indigenous A. niger isolate can be used for mass production.
Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2019
Authors' Contribution MN, MUD and MR designed the project. IK and MAA collected samples. IK and A... more Authors' Contribution MN, MUD and MR designed the project. IK and MAA collected samples. IK and AM executed experiments. MN and AAA analysed data. AM, IK and MN prepared the manuscript.
Japs Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2012
A total of 144 blood samples were collected from apparently emaciated and anemic Nili-Ravi buffal... more A total of 144 blood samples were collected from apparently emaciated and anemic Nili-Ravi buffaloes in and around Livestock Experiment Station Bahadurnagar Okara during December, 2008 to May, 2009 including all age groups and either sex. They were screened for the presence of trypanosomes through stained (Hemacolor™, Merck) thin blood smears. The cases were confirmed as T. evansi through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA of the trypanosomes was isolated using trizol reagent. The assay employed primers ESAG 6/7 specific for 237 bp fragment from T. evansi genomic DNA which was subsequently electrophorised and analyzed on UV transilluminator. Eight samples (5.5%) were positive microscopically while 16 samples (11.11 %) were found positive through PCR, indicating the specificity and sensitivity of PCR for surveying the disease in epidemiological studies. All the diseased buffaloes were treated with diminazene aceturate (FA.TRY.
Pakistan journal of zoology
Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2014
Journal of Veterinary & …, 2008
An attempt was made to standardize an in-house immuno-enzyme assay for measuring antibodies of in... more An attempt was made to standardize an in-house immuno-enzyme assay for measuring antibodies of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in chicken. The test was performed after coating plates with ELISA antigens prepared by two methods. Antigen "A" was prepared from infectious bursal disease virus infected chicken embryo fibroblasts culture by concentration with dialysis against PEG-6000 while antigen "B" was prepared reconstituting a live infectious bursal disease virus vaccine. The optimum dilution of antigen "A" and "B" was found to be 1:300 and 1:600 respectively. Both the antigens produced acceptable and comparable results but antigen "B" is conventional due to ease of preparation and to avoid a time consuming and costly procedure of cell culture. The rabbit anti-chicken immunoglobulin-G conjugated to horseradish peroxidase was used at a dilution of 1:2000. The assay was evaluated by testing chicken serum samples of different age groups (1-day-old broiler breeder and broiler chicks, 13 weeks old vaccinated layer breeder birds and 30 week old vaccinated broiler breeder birds). The efficiency of the standardized ELISA was compared with a commercially available ELISA kit. The results indicated that in-house developed ELISA was equally as sensitive and specific as commercially available kit in detection of antibodies against IBDV.
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2022
Background Influenza A virus (IAV) remains an important global public health threat with limited ... more Background Influenza A virus (IAV) remains an important global public health threat with limited epidemiological information available from low-and-middle-income countries. The major objective of this study was to describe the proportions, temporal and spatial distribution, and demographic and clinical characteristics of IAV positive patients with influenza like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods Prospective surveillance was established in a sentinel hospital from October 2015 to May 2016. All eligible outpatients and inpatients with ILI or SARI were enrolled in the study. Nasal and/or throat swabs were collected along with clinico-epidemiological data. Samples were tested by real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) to identify IAV and subtype. The descriptive analysis of data was done in R software. Results Out of 311 enrolled patients, 284 (91.3%) were ILI and 27 (8.7%) were SARI cases. A distinct peak of ILI and SARI activity was observed in ...
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2014
Antibiotic susceptibility p attern of Pasteurella multocida causing hemorrhagic septicemia in buf... more Antibiotic susceptibility p attern of Pasteurella multocida causing hemorrhagic septicemia in buffaloes was determined. The Pasteurella multocida (n=11) were isolated from healthy (04) and diseased buffaloes (07) of four districts of Sargodha division. Isolates were identified by cul tural, biochemical and serological characteristics, and confirmed by specie specific polymerase chain reaction. All isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing against gentamicin, erythromycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cip rofloxacin, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, sulfadiazine and amikacin by disc diffusion method. Results revealed that P. multocida were highly sensitive to enrofloxacin (90.91 %) followed by gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin (72.73%). Susceptibility of P. multocida isolates was low against ampicillin and amoxicillin (45.45%), amikacin (36.36%), sulfadiazine (18.18%) and erythromycin (18.18%). It was concluded that quinolones (enrof...
Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 2017
In Pakistan, avian influenza surveillance has been both active and passive. Here, we present the ... more In Pakistan, avian influenza surveillance has been both active and passive. Here, we present the results of a survey effort focusing solely on the live bird markets and wild bird species from diffe ...
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2012
Brucellosis is considered the most important zoonosis worldwide with high prevalence among livest... more Brucellosis is considered the most important zoonosis worldwide with high prevalence among livestock. A total of 780 cattle (n = 405) and buffalo (n = 375) serum samples were collected from abattoirQuetta, Balochistan and evaluated for the presence of antibrucella antibodies, using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and indirect enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) respectively. The overall prevalence of 3 % and 3.20 % was recorded through RBPT and i -ELISA respectively.In samples collected from cattle (n=405) the higher seroprevalence of 3.95 % and 5.9 % was recorded than buffaloes (n= 375) with 2.1% and 0.265 using RBPT and i -ELISA respectively. Similarly a relatively higher seroprevalence offoundin female animals as 3.72 % and 3.88 % using RBPT and ELlSA respectively. While the prevalence in male was 0.6% using both the test. These results revealed that RBPT and ELISA can be used for large scale screening of brucella antibodes in animals. These fi ndings suggest an alarming s...
Food Science & Nutrition, 2020
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Archives on Veterinary Science and Technology, 2017
Thirty-Six bovine calves less than three months of age were purchased from the Market and reared ... more Thirty-Six bovine calves less than three months of age were purchased from the Market and reared under standard manage mental conditions. Prior to start the experiment claves were examined for the presence of endoparasite and treated accordingly. The calves were provided green fodder along with concentrates. After one week of deworming and acclimatization, 36 calves were divided into 6 groups. Group A, B, C, D and E were experimentally infected at the rate of 20000 oocysts of E. bovis Group 1 (Healthy control 1) was kept as healthy control (Non-infected and non-medicated). In present study, efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against coccidiosis in cow calves was determined. It was concluded amprolium, lasalocid, sulphaquinoxaline, toltrazuril were very effective in treatment of coccidiosis in calves. Non-significant difference-(P>0.05) was observed in percentage efficacy of all four anti coccidial drugs at day 28 onward, i.e 100% for Amprolim, Sulphaquinoxaline, Toltrazuril and 99% for lasalocid. All the four drugs showed satisfactory results at their recommended dose against coccidiosis in cow calves and no toxic effects were found during and after treatment.
Toxins, 2019
The manifestation of aflatoxins in feed and food is a major issue in the world as its presence le... more The manifestation of aflatoxins in feed and food is a major issue in the world as its presence leads to some health problems. This study investigates the incidence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in raw milk samples which were collected from Punjab, Pakistan. The Cluster Random Sampling technique was used to collect 960 milk samples from five different regions, and samples were collected every month. The AFM1 level in raw milk was analyzed by the ELISA technique. The findings demonstrate that 70% of samples exceeded the United States permissible maximum residue limits (MRL 0.50 µg/L), with an overall AFM1 level that ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 µg/L. AFM1 contamination varied with the season: The highest average contamination was detected in winter (0.875 µg/L), followed by autumn (0.751 µg/L), spring (0.654 µg/L), and summer (0.455 µg/L). The Eastern region exhibited the highest average AFM1 contamination (0.705 µg/L). Milk samples from the Northern region were found to be widely co...
Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology, 2014
The immunizing effect of inactivated sporulated oocyst and inactivated sonicated vaccines against... more The immunizing effect of inactivated sporulated oocyst and inactivated sonicated vaccines against bovine coccidiosis was observed in calves. Indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test was developed for detecting antibodies to coccidian. Serum antibody levels in calves were measured against soluble oocyst (sporulated) antigen. IHA antibody titer was significantly higher (P<0.05) in calves vaccinated with inactivated sonicated vaccines as compared to the calves vaccinated with inactivated sporulated vaccines. Results of the challenge experiments indicated that the inactivated sonicated vaccine gave protection to the challenge calves as immune calves contained high level of antibodies that resisted heavy dose of challenge. Disease was observed in control group (non-vaccinated) calves post challenge whereas vaccinated remained healthy. Then the oocyst count per gram of faeces was significantly higher (P<0.05) in control group (unvaccinated) as compared with the vaccinated groups.
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences
Milk samples (n=200) of dairy goats from D. G. Khan and Lahore districts (n=100, each), Punjab, P... more Milk samples (n=200) of dairy goats from D. G. Khan and Lahore districts (n=100, each), Punjab, Pakistan were screened with Whiteside Test (WST) for sub-clinical mastitis. Samples positive for mastitis were cultured for bacterial growth on blood agar. Bacterial growth was obtained in 45 % milk samples (90/200). From WST positive milk samples, 146 bacterial isolates were identified on the basis of colonial, microscopic and biochemical profiles. Highest prevalence was of Staphylococcus aureus (61.64 %) followed by Escherichia coli (10.96 %), Streptococcus spp. (9.59 %), Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp. (6.85 %, each) and Corynebacterium spp. (4.11 %). Staph. aureus, E. coli and Strep. spp. isolates (n=10, each) were tested for antibiotic resistance against ten selected antibiotics used for treatment of mastitis in field. Highest resistance (58.69%) was recorded against Penicillin. Percent resistance of bacterial isolates to more than two antibiotic classes was 44.44, declared as multip...
Pakistan J. Zool, 2012
Abstract.-A study was conducted to characterize caprine mycoplasma species and to know its preval... more Abstract.-A study was conducted to characterize caprine mycoplasma species and to know its prevalence in different areas of Pakistan during 2006 to 2007. A total of 1440 samples (including nasal discharge, pleural fluid, lung tissue, synovial fluid, and milk (1180), and ...
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2012
During extreme months of winter, December and January, every year, the migratory birds from Siber... more During extreme months of winter, December and January, every year, the migratory birds from Siberia travel to Indus Valley and other parts of Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. These migratory birds include, ducks, geese, swans and the water fowls. These birds are known to carry all avian influenza viruses and by shedding virus, they are assumed to be vector. Samples were collected from migratory and non migratory wild birds at lakes, zoo and live bird market. Samples were processed in the National Reference Laboratory of Poultry Diseases, National Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Islamabad for virus isolation, HI and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of H3, H5, H7 and H9 serotypes of avian influenza virus type A. It was concluded that migratory birds flying over the Pakistan territory were negative against H3, H5 and H7. However, positive samples for H9 serotype were found in backyard poultry.