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Papers by Jolanta Korycka-Skorupa

formation of the commission was a recognition that the Internet was leading to a major change in ... more formation of the commission was a recognition that the Internet was leading to a major change in the way maps are distributed and used. Since 1999, the commission has sponsored annual meetings, co-sponsored sessions at meetings with other commissions and organizations, and presented a number of workshops in different parts of the world. The work of the commission has led to two edited books:

It seems necessary to verify the classification of the cartographic presentation methods. There i... more It seems necessary to verify the classification of the cartographic presentation methods. There is a need for a new, formalized view of the method, as a sequence of steps from data collection to correct presentation, to map. It should be found to distinguish two terms related to cartographic presentation: methods and forms. A METHOD (TECHNIC) is understood as a transition process from data to presentation, as a certain sequence of actions leading to a meaningful presentation, as a way of proceeding which starts from data leading to a presentation. FORM is understood as a final effect of this process – a graphic image, a result, a map. There are five different types of cartographic presentation complexity. In the described subsequent types, one can observe an increasing degree of complexity of cartographic presentation (from the simplest one to the complex one).

Rozwój technologii komputerowych sprawił, że opracowanie mapy – zwłaszcza statystycznej – jest dz... more Rozwój technologii komputerowych sprawił, że opracowanie mapy – zwłaszcza statystycznej – jest dziś dostępne dla każdego. Zaistniała zatem potrzeba przygotowania i udostępnienia szerszym kręgom zainteresowanych opracowania, które byłoby więcej niż tylko podręcznikiem lub instrukcją użytkowania programu. Atlas skierowany jest do wszystkich pragnących poznać podstawowe zasady redagowania map statystycznych, a więc studentów geografi i, specjalistów w zakresie gospodarki przestrzennej i ochrony środowiska, geodetów oraz tych, któ-

The authors attempt to visualise nature conservation issues in the Podlaskie Voivodship using a s... more The authors attempt to visualise nature conservation issues in the Podlaskie Voivodship using a series of small-scale thematic maps. Publicly available spatial and statistical data was used. The authors discuss the effects of applying the adopted methodological solutions. Some of them present a new approach to cartographic visualisation of spatial data. It may be an opportunity to look at various visualisation methods, their effectiveness, and the possibility of visualising nature issues on small-scale thematic maps.

Miscellanea Geographica

Multivariate mapping is a technique in which multivariate data are encoded into a single map. A v... more Multivariate mapping is a technique in which multivariate data are encoded into a single map. A variety of design solutions for multivariate mapping refers to the number of phenomena mapped, the map type, and the visual variables applied. Unlike other authors who have mainly evaluated bivariate maps, in our empirical study we compared three solutions when mapping four variables: two types of multivariate maps (intrinsic and extrinsic) and a simple univariate alternative (serving as a baseline). We analysed usability performance metrics (answer time, answer accuracy, subjective rating of task difficulty) and eye-tracking data. The results suggested that experts used all the tested maps with similar results for answer time and accuracy, even when using four-variable intrinsic maps, which is considered to be a challenging solution. However, eye-tracking data provided more nuances in relation to the difference in cognitive effort evoked by the tested maps across task types.

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information

Thoughtful consideration of the enumeration unit size in choropleth map design is important to en... more Thoughtful consideration of the enumeration unit size in choropleth map design is important to ensure the correct communication of spatial information. However, the enumeration unit size and its influence on pattern conveying in choropleth maps have not yet been the subject of in-depth empirical studies. This research aims to address this gap. We focused on the issue concerning whether the ability to recognize spatial patterns on an Equal Area Unit Map is related to the hexagonal enumeration unit size, defined by the number of pixels. The aim is to indicate the range of the enumeration unit sizes, namely, at what point the upper and lower borders of the range where the spatial patterns start, and where the end is visible and recognizable by users. To address this problem, we conducted an empirical study with 488 users. The results show that the enumeration unit size has an impact on the users’ spatial pattern recognition abilities. Choropleth maps with enumeration unit sizes of 26, ...

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information

As the development of small-scale thematic cartography continues, there is a growing interest in ... more As the development of small-scale thematic cartography continues, there is a growing interest in simple graphic solutions, e.g., in the form of numerical values presented on maps to replace or complement well-established quantitative cartographic methods of presentation. Numbers on maps are used as an independent form of data presentation or function as a supplement to the cartographic presentation, becoming a legend placed directly on the map. Despite the frequent use of numbers on maps, this relatively simple form of presentation has not been extensively empirically evaluated. This article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at comparing the usability of numbers on maps for the presentation of quantitative information to frequently used proportional symbols, for simple map-reading tasks. The study showed that the use of numbers on single-variable and two-variable maps results in a greater number of correct answers and also often an improved response time compared to t...

Polish Cartographical Review

The discovery in the cartographic collections of the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies at... more The discovery in the cartographic collections of the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies at the University of Warsaw of an original map by Charles Dupin – the first choropleth map – provided an opportunity to conduct a closer methodological analysis of the map and to investigate the subsequent development of this presentation method during the first half of 19th century. From relatively early on, the accepted principle was for choropleth map presentations to use statistical data still imprecisely referred to as relative, as well as using a distribution series as a method of generalizing data.

Abstracts of the ICA

The huge popularity of the map as a medium of information transfer means that the number of map m... more The huge popularity of the map as a medium of information transfer means that the number of map makers and map users is constantly increasing. In an era of GIS technology, open-source software, and wide access to spatial data, map making may seem simple, and the skills required available to almost everyone; however, the simplicity is only apparent. In fact, the creation of an efficient and effective map is extremely difficult, labour-intensive, and requires a good knowledge of the principles of cartographic representations.

Abstracts of the ICA, Jul 15, 2019

The huge popularity of the map as a medium of information transfer means that the number of map m... more The huge popularity of the map as a medium of information transfer means that the number of map makers and map users is constantly increasing. In an era of GIS technology, open-source software, and wide access to spatial data, map making may seem simple, and the skills required available to almost everyone; however, the simplicity is only apparent. In fact, the creation of an efficient and effective map is extremely difficult, labour-intensive, and requires a good knowledge of the principles of cartographic representations.

The authors present a content analysis of the selected textbooks for teaching the natural science... more The authors present a content analysis of the selected textbooks for teaching the natural science in the Polish primary school in the scope of cartography and topography. Two series of textbooks edited by the Nowa Era publishing house and approved by the Ministry of National Education are used by the authors. The main aim of this analysis is to determine whether the textbooks meet the requirements of the new core curriculum. The psychological aspects that may cause the difficulties in learning the natural science for students of grades 4 through 6 of the primary school are also discussed.
The contents of textbooks are absorbed by the students in varying degrees. It is important, therefore, to take into account the psychological aspects of the students’ learning process and draw attention to the difficulties that may arise in the course of grade 4–6 instruction. Among them there are, inter alia, the difficulties in using a map scale, some problems with imagining the actual distances and areas, a height above the sea level and the relative heights, as well as the issues related to the students’ abilities to read a drawing of contour lines.
In the process of natural science education in the primary school, it is very important to develop the children’s abstract thinking, which causes the stimulation of their spatial imagination. The various types of teaching aids, which can be helpful for the both groups, as for the teachers, so for the students, are discussed in this article. These are the atlases, models, interactive teaching aids, books and educational games.
The analysis introduced in this article allows for a critical evaluation of the textbooks for primary school from the point of view of their content complacencies on cartography and topography with the new core curriculum.
Teaching the bases of cartography and topography from an early age is very important, but developing the ability to use a map requires the continuous exercises. Working with a map helps to develop not only the practical skills, but also the students’ attitudes having a positive impact on the development of such qualities as conscientiousness, accuracy and patience; it also has an invaluable impact on the students’ spatial imagination.

formation of the commission was a recognition that the Internet was leading to a major change in ... more formation of the commission was a recognition that the Internet was leading to a major change in the way maps are distributed and used. Since 1999, the commission has sponsored annual meetings, co-sponsored sessions at meetings with other commissions and organizations, and presented a number of workshops in different parts of the world. The work of the commission has led to two edited books:

It seems necessary to verify the classification of the cartographic presentation methods. There i... more It seems necessary to verify the classification of the cartographic presentation methods. There is a need for a new, formalized view of the method, as a sequence of steps from data collection to correct presentation, to map. It should be found to distinguish two terms related to cartographic presentation: methods and forms. A METHOD (TECHNIC) is understood as a transition process from data to presentation, as a certain sequence of actions leading to a meaningful presentation, as a way of proceeding which starts from data leading to a presentation. FORM is understood as a final effect of this process – a graphic image, a result, a map. There are five different types of cartographic presentation complexity. In the described subsequent types, one can observe an increasing degree of complexity of cartographic presentation (from the simplest one to the complex one).

Rozwój technologii komputerowych sprawił, że opracowanie mapy – zwłaszcza statystycznej – jest dz... more Rozwój technologii komputerowych sprawił, że opracowanie mapy – zwłaszcza statystycznej – jest dziś dostępne dla każdego. Zaistniała zatem potrzeba przygotowania i udostępnienia szerszym kręgom zainteresowanych opracowania, które byłoby więcej niż tylko podręcznikiem lub instrukcją użytkowania programu. Atlas skierowany jest do wszystkich pragnących poznać podstawowe zasady redagowania map statystycznych, a więc studentów geografi i, specjalistów w zakresie gospodarki przestrzennej i ochrony środowiska, geodetów oraz tych, któ-

The authors attempt to visualise nature conservation issues in the Podlaskie Voivodship using a s... more The authors attempt to visualise nature conservation issues in the Podlaskie Voivodship using a series of small-scale thematic maps. Publicly available spatial and statistical data was used. The authors discuss the effects of applying the adopted methodological solutions. Some of them present a new approach to cartographic visualisation of spatial data. It may be an opportunity to look at various visualisation methods, their effectiveness, and the possibility of visualising nature issues on small-scale thematic maps.

Miscellanea Geographica

Multivariate mapping is a technique in which multivariate data are encoded into a single map. A v... more Multivariate mapping is a technique in which multivariate data are encoded into a single map. A variety of design solutions for multivariate mapping refers to the number of phenomena mapped, the map type, and the visual variables applied. Unlike other authors who have mainly evaluated bivariate maps, in our empirical study we compared three solutions when mapping four variables: two types of multivariate maps (intrinsic and extrinsic) and a simple univariate alternative (serving as a baseline). We analysed usability performance metrics (answer time, answer accuracy, subjective rating of task difficulty) and eye-tracking data. The results suggested that experts used all the tested maps with similar results for answer time and accuracy, even when using four-variable intrinsic maps, which is considered to be a challenging solution. However, eye-tracking data provided more nuances in relation to the difference in cognitive effort evoked by the tested maps across task types.

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information

Thoughtful consideration of the enumeration unit size in choropleth map design is important to en... more Thoughtful consideration of the enumeration unit size in choropleth map design is important to ensure the correct communication of spatial information. However, the enumeration unit size and its influence on pattern conveying in choropleth maps have not yet been the subject of in-depth empirical studies. This research aims to address this gap. We focused on the issue concerning whether the ability to recognize spatial patterns on an Equal Area Unit Map is related to the hexagonal enumeration unit size, defined by the number of pixels. The aim is to indicate the range of the enumeration unit sizes, namely, at what point the upper and lower borders of the range where the spatial patterns start, and where the end is visible and recognizable by users. To address this problem, we conducted an empirical study with 488 users. The results show that the enumeration unit size has an impact on the users’ spatial pattern recognition abilities. Choropleth maps with enumeration unit sizes of 26, ...

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information

As the development of small-scale thematic cartography continues, there is a growing interest in ... more As the development of small-scale thematic cartography continues, there is a growing interest in simple graphic solutions, e.g., in the form of numerical values presented on maps to replace or complement well-established quantitative cartographic methods of presentation. Numbers on maps are used as an independent form of data presentation or function as a supplement to the cartographic presentation, becoming a legend placed directly on the map. Despite the frequent use of numbers on maps, this relatively simple form of presentation has not been extensively empirically evaluated. This article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at comparing the usability of numbers on maps for the presentation of quantitative information to frequently used proportional symbols, for simple map-reading tasks. The study showed that the use of numbers on single-variable and two-variable maps results in a greater number of correct answers and also often an improved response time compared to t...

Polish Cartographical Review

The discovery in the cartographic collections of the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies at... more The discovery in the cartographic collections of the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies at the University of Warsaw of an original map by Charles Dupin – the first choropleth map – provided an opportunity to conduct a closer methodological analysis of the map and to investigate the subsequent development of this presentation method during the first half of 19th century. From relatively early on, the accepted principle was for choropleth map presentations to use statistical data still imprecisely referred to as relative, as well as using a distribution series as a method of generalizing data.

Abstracts of the ICA

The huge popularity of the map as a medium of information transfer means that the number of map m... more The huge popularity of the map as a medium of information transfer means that the number of map makers and map users is constantly increasing. In an era of GIS technology, open-source software, and wide access to spatial data, map making may seem simple, and the skills required available to almost everyone; however, the simplicity is only apparent. In fact, the creation of an efficient and effective map is extremely difficult, labour-intensive, and requires a good knowledge of the principles of cartographic representations.

Abstracts of the ICA, Jul 15, 2019

The huge popularity of the map as a medium of information transfer means that the number of map m... more The huge popularity of the map as a medium of information transfer means that the number of map makers and map users is constantly increasing. In an era of GIS technology, open-source software, and wide access to spatial data, map making may seem simple, and the skills required available to almost everyone; however, the simplicity is only apparent. In fact, the creation of an efficient and effective map is extremely difficult, labour-intensive, and requires a good knowledge of the principles of cartographic representations.

The authors present a content analysis of the selected textbooks for teaching the natural science... more The authors present a content analysis of the selected textbooks for teaching the natural science in the Polish primary school in the scope of cartography and topography. Two series of textbooks edited by the Nowa Era publishing house and approved by the Ministry of National Education are used by the authors. The main aim of this analysis is to determine whether the textbooks meet the requirements of the new core curriculum. The psychological aspects that may cause the difficulties in learning the natural science for students of grades 4 through 6 of the primary school are also discussed.
The contents of textbooks are absorbed by the students in varying degrees. It is important, therefore, to take into account the psychological aspects of the students’ learning process and draw attention to the difficulties that may arise in the course of grade 4–6 instruction. Among them there are, inter alia, the difficulties in using a map scale, some problems with imagining the actual distances and areas, a height above the sea level and the relative heights, as well as the issues related to the students’ abilities to read a drawing of contour lines.
In the process of natural science education in the primary school, it is very important to develop the children’s abstract thinking, which causes the stimulation of their spatial imagination. The various types of teaching aids, which can be helpful for the both groups, as for the teachers, so for the students, are discussed in this article. These are the atlases, models, interactive teaching aids, books and educational games.
The analysis introduced in this article allows for a critical evaluation of the textbooks for primary school from the point of view of their content complacencies on cartography and topography with the new core curriculum.
Teaching the bases of cartography and topography from an early age is very important, but developing the ability to use a map requires the continuous exercises. Working with a map helps to develop not only the practical skills, but also the students’ attitudes having a positive impact on the development of such qualities as conscientiousness, accuracy and patience; it also has an invaluable impact on the students’ spatial imagination.