Piotr Lewulis | University of Warsaw (original) (raw)
Papers by Piotr Lewulis
Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego, 2018
Routledge eBooks, May 7, 2024
Computer Law & Security Review
Problemy Współczesnej Kryminalistyki
Działania wielu sprawców współczesnych oszustw oparte są na wykorzystaniu internetowych portali s... more Działania wielu sprawców współczesnych oszustw oparte są na wykorzystaniu internetowych portali sprzedażowych. Szczegółowy sposób działania sprawców jest zróżnicowany w zależności od funkcjonalności konkretnych platform oraz docelowej grupy osób pokrzywdzonych. Wspólne elementy modus operandi sprawców takich czynów mają bezpośredni wpływ na skuteczność procesów wykrywczych. W niniejszym opracowaniu zaprezentowany został opis współczesnego modus operandi sprawców typowych oszustw popełnianych za pośrednictwem internetowych portali sprzedażowych, ze wskazaniem potencjalnych problemów w pracy wykrywczej i dowodowej oraz z podaniem sposobów ich rozwiązywania. Opis ten uzupełniony jest aktualnymi danymi na temat skali występowania tego rodzaju czynów pochodzącymi z analizy danych statystycznych oraz przeprowadzonych badań aktowych.
Kwartalnik Krajowej Szkoły Sądownictwa i Prokuratury, Mar 31, 2023
Problemy Współczesnej Kryminalistyki, 2021
Prokuratura i Prawo, 2022
Niniejszy artykuł obejmuje zwięzłe podsumowanie najważniejszych zasad kryminalistycznych i prawny... more Niniejszy artykuł obejmuje zwięzłe podsumowanie najważniejszych zasad kryminalistycznych i prawnych dotyczących gromadzenia cyfrowe-go materiału dowodowego na gruncie polskiego postępowania karnego. Na tle ogólnych wytycznych teoretycznych tego dotyczących zwięźle przedstawione zostały najważniejsze elementy wyników badań empi-rycznych, przeprowadzonych metodą analizy akt prawomocnie zakoń-czonych postępowań karnych, n=370. Zderzenie założeń teoretycznych z rzeczywistością sądową umożliwia wyprowadzenie wniosków co do istniejącej praktyki oraz postulatów de lege ferenda.
Archiwum Kryminologii, 2014
This is the first article in the criminological literature to describe armchair detectives, i.e. ... more This is the first article in the criminological literature to describe armchair detectives, i.e. non-professionals who solve criminal cases as a hobby. The phenomenon is mainly discussed in the context of contemporary means of communication, including the internet and social media. While these are increasingly important, this article focuses on more "traditional" types of activity as well. Citing examples from Poland and abroad, the authors come up with their own typology of this highly diversified group. The authors distinguish six ways in which armchair detectives engage in solving detective puzzles: 1) recognizing a person, place or thing; 2) reporting an incident; 3) OSINT; 4) the classic "Oh!"; 5) expert knowledge and skills; 6) and cold cases. The authors also discuss the benefits and threats posed by armchair detectives. These are analyzed from the standpoint of both law enforcement and the common good within the broad meaning of the term. The summary incl...
The author attempts to address the problem of using digital evidence in Polish criminal trial fro... more The author attempts to address the problem of using digital evidence in Polish criminal trial from the perspective of the third decade of the 21st century. He discusses technical as well as penal and procedural issues, considering the need to reconcile theory and practice. Digital evidence, a frequent component of contemporary criminal proceedings, is an extremely complicated matter from the perspective of forensic science. The reflections are supported by empirical data obtained during 2019 research, which was conducted through analysis of the final court proceedings.
Int. J. Electron. Secur. Digit. Forensics, 2021
Current levels of public acceptability of immunisation put at serious risk the effectiveness of a... more Current levels of public acceptability of immunisation put at serious risk the effectiveness of any future anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination programs. High levels of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy are reported even from countries severely affected by the pandemic. A survey on a representative sample of adult Polish citizens (n=1066) was conducted, showing that 28% of adults in Poland would not vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2 if the vaccine became available. A majority (51%) of the reluctant respondents indicated that their minds would not be changed if given information regarding vaccine safety or efficacy, or if threatened with heavy fines. Significantly fewer respondents (37%) supported COVID-19 vaccinations specifically than supported childhood vaccinations in Poland in general (78% in 2018). Subsequently, a systematic search of nationally representative and methodologically sound surveys identified a total of 20. The vaccine hesitancy for the hypothetical, yet anticipated COVID-19 vaccine va...
Criminal Law Forum
The importance of digital evidence, especially online content, is continuously increasing due to ... more The importance of digital evidence, especially online content, is continuously increasing due to the proliferation of digital technologies in socio-economic life. However, the legal means of criminal evidence gathering in Polish legislation remain unchanged and do not take into account some contemporary challenges. In various countries, traditional rules of evidence gathering were created in the context of a physical world. These rules may be insufficient to safeguard the forensic soundness of evidence gathering methods. Inadequacies of current procedures may be especially visible in the context of transborder digital evidence gathering from online open sources. This article describes the practical shortcomings of Polish criminal evidence law in the context of digital evidence with particular attention to online open-source materials. Empirical data indicate that existing legal limitations are bypassed in practice to enable evidence collection. This unfortunately often happens at th...
Vaccines
Background: If globally implemented, a safe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination progr... more Background: If globally implemented, a safe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination program will have broad clinical and socioeconomic benefits. However, individuals who anticipate that the coronavirus vaccine will bring life back to normality may be disappointed, due to the emerging antivaccination attitude within the general population. Methods: We surveyed a sample of adult Polish citizens (n = 1066), and compared it with the data on international COVID-19 vaccine reluctance. Results: In 20 national surveys, the vaccine averseness for the anticipated COVID-19 vaccine varied from meager (2–6% China) to very high (43%, Czech Republic, and 44%, Turkey) and in most countries was much higher than regular vaccination reluctance, which varies between 3% (Egypt) and 55% (Russia). Conclusions: These results suggest that a 67% herd immunity may be possible only if mandatory preventive vaccination programs start early and are combined with coordinated education efforts supported by ...
Studia Iuridica
Terrorism has been threatening modern societies for many decades. Legislative response to this is... more Terrorism has been threatening modern societies for many decades. Legislative response to this issue includes creating various definitions and classifications of terrorist acts on one hand and introducing „repressive” counterterrorism laws on the other. This is not a new phenomenon, however, in the history of fight against terrorism there has been many „counterterrorism acts” which did not succeed in resolving the issue – which is illustrated in the article with appropriate cases of XIX century’s terrorist acts. Appropriate, evidence based counterterrorism methods should be sought rather than repressive methods relying mainly on the society’s fear of terrorism.
Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego, 2018
Routledge eBooks, May 7, 2024
Computer Law & Security Review
Problemy Współczesnej Kryminalistyki
Działania wielu sprawców współczesnych oszustw oparte są na wykorzystaniu internetowych portali s... more Działania wielu sprawców współczesnych oszustw oparte są na wykorzystaniu internetowych portali sprzedażowych. Szczegółowy sposób działania sprawców jest zróżnicowany w zależności od funkcjonalności konkretnych platform oraz docelowej grupy osób pokrzywdzonych. Wspólne elementy modus operandi sprawców takich czynów mają bezpośredni wpływ na skuteczność procesów wykrywczych. W niniejszym opracowaniu zaprezentowany został opis współczesnego modus operandi sprawców typowych oszustw popełnianych za pośrednictwem internetowych portali sprzedażowych, ze wskazaniem potencjalnych problemów w pracy wykrywczej i dowodowej oraz z podaniem sposobów ich rozwiązywania. Opis ten uzupełniony jest aktualnymi danymi na temat skali występowania tego rodzaju czynów pochodzącymi z analizy danych statystycznych oraz przeprowadzonych badań aktowych.
Kwartalnik Krajowej Szkoły Sądownictwa i Prokuratury, Mar 31, 2023
Problemy Współczesnej Kryminalistyki, 2021
Prokuratura i Prawo, 2022
Niniejszy artykuł obejmuje zwięzłe podsumowanie najważniejszych zasad kryminalistycznych i prawny... more Niniejszy artykuł obejmuje zwięzłe podsumowanie najważniejszych zasad kryminalistycznych i prawnych dotyczących gromadzenia cyfrowe-go materiału dowodowego na gruncie polskiego postępowania karnego. Na tle ogólnych wytycznych teoretycznych tego dotyczących zwięźle przedstawione zostały najważniejsze elementy wyników badań empi-rycznych, przeprowadzonych metodą analizy akt prawomocnie zakoń-czonych postępowań karnych, n=370. Zderzenie założeń teoretycznych z rzeczywistością sądową umożliwia wyprowadzenie wniosków co do istniejącej praktyki oraz postulatów de lege ferenda.
Archiwum Kryminologii, 2014
This is the first article in the criminological literature to describe armchair detectives, i.e. ... more This is the first article in the criminological literature to describe armchair detectives, i.e. non-professionals who solve criminal cases as a hobby. The phenomenon is mainly discussed in the context of contemporary means of communication, including the internet and social media. While these are increasingly important, this article focuses on more "traditional" types of activity as well. Citing examples from Poland and abroad, the authors come up with their own typology of this highly diversified group. The authors distinguish six ways in which armchair detectives engage in solving detective puzzles: 1) recognizing a person, place or thing; 2) reporting an incident; 3) OSINT; 4) the classic "Oh!"; 5) expert knowledge and skills; 6) and cold cases. The authors also discuss the benefits and threats posed by armchair detectives. These are analyzed from the standpoint of both law enforcement and the common good within the broad meaning of the term. The summary incl...
The author attempts to address the problem of using digital evidence in Polish criminal trial fro... more The author attempts to address the problem of using digital evidence in Polish criminal trial from the perspective of the third decade of the 21st century. He discusses technical as well as penal and procedural issues, considering the need to reconcile theory and practice. Digital evidence, a frequent component of contemporary criminal proceedings, is an extremely complicated matter from the perspective of forensic science. The reflections are supported by empirical data obtained during 2019 research, which was conducted through analysis of the final court proceedings.
Int. J. Electron. Secur. Digit. Forensics, 2021
Current levels of public acceptability of immunisation put at serious risk the effectiveness of a... more Current levels of public acceptability of immunisation put at serious risk the effectiveness of any future anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination programs. High levels of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy are reported even from countries severely affected by the pandemic. A survey on a representative sample of adult Polish citizens (n=1066) was conducted, showing that 28% of adults in Poland would not vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2 if the vaccine became available. A majority (51%) of the reluctant respondents indicated that their minds would not be changed if given information regarding vaccine safety or efficacy, or if threatened with heavy fines. Significantly fewer respondents (37%) supported COVID-19 vaccinations specifically than supported childhood vaccinations in Poland in general (78% in 2018). Subsequently, a systematic search of nationally representative and methodologically sound surveys identified a total of 20. The vaccine hesitancy for the hypothetical, yet anticipated COVID-19 vaccine va...
Criminal Law Forum
The importance of digital evidence, especially online content, is continuously increasing due to ... more The importance of digital evidence, especially online content, is continuously increasing due to the proliferation of digital technologies in socio-economic life. However, the legal means of criminal evidence gathering in Polish legislation remain unchanged and do not take into account some contemporary challenges. In various countries, traditional rules of evidence gathering were created in the context of a physical world. These rules may be insufficient to safeguard the forensic soundness of evidence gathering methods. Inadequacies of current procedures may be especially visible in the context of transborder digital evidence gathering from online open sources. This article describes the practical shortcomings of Polish criminal evidence law in the context of digital evidence with particular attention to online open-source materials. Empirical data indicate that existing legal limitations are bypassed in practice to enable evidence collection. This unfortunately often happens at th...
Vaccines
Background: If globally implemented, a safe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination progr... more Background: If globally implemented, a safe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination program will have broad clinical and socioeconomic benefits. However, individuals who anticipate that the coronavirus vaccine will bring life back to normality may be disappointed, due to the emerging antivaccination attitude within the general population. Methods: We surveyed a sample of adult Polish citizens (n = 1066), and compared it with the data on international COVID-19 vaccine reluctance. Results: In 20 national surveys, the vaccine averseness for the anticipated COVID-19 vaccine varied from meager (2–6% China) to very high (43%, Czech Republic, and 44%, Turkey) and in most countries was much higher than regular vaccination reluctance, which varies between 3% (Egypt) and 55% (Russia). Conclusions: These results suggest that a 67% herd immunity may be possible only if mandatory preventive vaccination programs start early and are combined with coordinated education efforts supported by ...
Studia Iuridica
Terrorism has been threatening modern societies for many decades. Legislative response to this is... more Terrorism has been threatening modern societies for many decades. Legislative response to this issue includes creating various definitions and classifications of terrorist acts on one hand and introducing „repressive” counterterrorism laws on the other. This is not a new phenomenon, however, in the history of fight against terrorism there has been many „counterterrorism acts” which did not succeed in resolving the issue – which is illustrated in the article with appropriate cases of XIX century’s terrorist acts. Appropriate, evidence based counterterrorism methods should be sought rather than repressive methods relying mainly on the society’s fear of terrorism.
Vaccines, 2021
Background: If globally implemented, a safe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination pro... more Background:
If globally implemented, a safe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination program will have broad clinical and socioeconomic benefits. However, individuals who
anticipate that the coronavirus vaccine will bring life back to normality may be disappointed, due to the emerging antivaccination attitude within the general population. Methods:
We surveyed a sample of adult Polish citizens (n= 1066), and compared it with the data on international COVID-19 vaccine reluctance.
Results:
In 20 national surveys, the vaccine averseness for the anticipated COVID-19vaccine varied from meager (2–6% China) to very high (43%, Czech Republic, and 44%, Turkey) and in most countries was much higher than regular vaccination reluctance, which varies between3% (Egypt) and 55% (Russia).
Conclusions: These results suggest that a 67% herd immunity may be possible only if mandatory preventive vaccination programs start early and are combined with
coordinated education efforts supported by legislative power and social campaigns.