Pooran Gaur | The University of Western Australia (original) (raw)

Papers by Pooran Gaur

Field Crops Research, Jul 1, 2014

There are two distinct types of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), called desi and kabuli, that diffe... more There are two distinct types of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), called desi and kabuli, that differ in size, color and surface of seeds, flower color and morphology. Both these types are divergent geographically and broadly vary in their adaptation, nutrition, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. In a field evaluation of large number of well-adapted F 4 progenies of both desi and kabuli had shown that the grain yields were lower in all the kabulis as a consequence of lesser total shoot biomass production and lesser harvest index. The vegetative duration of kabulis was shorter and the reproductive duration extensively longer explaining why the shoot biomass productivity is low. In another field trial with a subset of the minicore chickpea germplasm, the canopy temperature depression of the kabulis were observed to be relatively lower with a low variation among the accessions and also the grain yields were lower explaining the poor adaptation of kabulis to terminal drought under Patancheru. The anatomy of roots had shown that there were quick loss of cortical layers and the presence of greater number of wider xylem vessels in kabulis relative to desis and that the kabulis were equipped to use more water with less resistance to water flow. More desi × kabuli introgressions are suggested for improving the adaptability and yield stability of kabulis under peninsular Indian environments.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), or garbanzos as popularly known in the Philippines, is an annual p... more Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), or garbanzos as popularly known in the Philippines, is an annual pulse crop cultivated largely in South Asia and is the third largest produced food legume in the world. Chickpea is grown in more than 50 countries. Asia has the largest share in terms of area and production (89.7%) followed by Africa (4.3%), Oceania (2.6%), America (2.9%), and Europe (0.4%). India is the largest chickpea producing country, with a global production of 5.89 million tons in 2006-2008. Chickpea is an important source of protein particularly in South Asia, where people are largely vegetarian, who either cannot afford or due to religious restrictions are forbidden to consume animal and fish protein. In the Philippines, chickpea is very popular as a key ingredient in some Filipino dishes. However, while the demand for chickpea is increasing, the Philippines continue to depend on imports to satisfy local demand. Amid the potential adverse threat of climate change, one emerging opportunity that the Philippine government is exploring is the promotion of food crops like chickpea, which show potential to grow profitably in the country's rainfed areas, have multiple uses, and are suitable for cultivation by resource-poor farmers. Chickpea is regarded as a nutritious legume highly suitable for rainfed areas like the Philippines. While considered as a 'new' crop, its economic niche in the country is immense, especially when locally produced. This information bulletin contains brief information on the characteristic, cultural management, and market requirements of the crop. The science-based knowledge highlighted in this publication speaks of the bright prospect and great potential of chickpea as a climate-change ready, profitable and nutritious crop in the country. The bulletin also outlines the way forward for the promotion as well as for the eventual commercial production of chickpea in the Philippines. We hope you find this publication useful and meaningful in boosting chickpea production in the country. Finally, we take this opportunity to profoundly acknowledge the partnership initiative of the Benguet State University (BSU) for the conduct of the initial trials on chickpea production in northern Luzon specifically in the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), and the support from the Philippine Council for Agricultural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) and the Department of Agriculture (DA-CAR). We at ICRISAT believe that partnership is the key in the development of pro-poor technologies and products on crop improvement/production and value addition, and in the transfer of knowledge and technology toward improving the lives of millions of poor people particularly in the dryland tropics.

Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2017

The present research work aimed at identification of sources of tolerance to herbicide Imazethapy... more The present research work aimed at identification of sources of tolerance to herbicide Imazethapyr for their possible utilization in development of herbicide tolerant chickpea. Sixty five genotypes (55 desi and 10 kabuli) screened included accessions from ICRISAT core collection, advanced breeding lines and cultivars. The herbicide tolerance score ranged from 1.9 to 5.0. Nine tolerant to moderately tolerant and three susceptible genotypes were further evaluated under control and sprayed condition. Genotype x environment interactions were observed for days to 50% flowering, NDVI, days to maturity, seed yield, biomass, harvest index, 100-seed weight and branched chain amino acids (BCAA) viz., valine, leucine and isoleucine content. Highly significant reduction in seed yield was observed in all the genotypes except ICCV 10, ICCL 82104 and ICC 1710 as revealed by pairwise comparison of means using Tukey's test. The spraying of herbicide reduced the total biomass production. Analysis of BCAA content in sample revealed non-significant differences for percent valine content in ICCIL 04001, ICCV 00305, ICCV 96003 and ICCL 82104, for isoleucine content in all the genotypes except, ICCV 3 and ICCV 96003 and for leucine content in case of ICCV 03407, ICCIL 04001, ICCV 10, ICCV 96003, ICC 1710, ICCV 00108 and ICCL 82104. The genotypes tolerant to post-emergence herbicide Imazethapyr identified based on non-significant reduction in the yield attributes and BCAA content in the sample were ICC 82104, ICCV 10, ICCV 96003, ICC 00305 and ICC 1710. These genotypes can be used to study the genetics of herbicide tolerance in chickpea and in breeding programs for developing lines with tolerance to post-emergence herbicide Imazethapyr.

Plant Response Mechanisms to Abiotic Stresses [Working Title]

Reduction in biomass and pollen fertility are the two major constraints resulting in poor grain y... more Reduction in biomass and pollen fertility are the two major constraints resulting in poor grain yield in major pulses grown under rainfed agrosystem. Generally, pulses are encountered into both heat and drought stresses during terminal reproductive stages. Though pulses have many adaptive features to counter the adverse effects of various abiotic stresses but yield is substantially reduced when the magnitude of these stresses is very high. The factors have been identified to enhance grain yield under stress environments which include promotion of biomass in the above ground part enabling crops to reserve a maximum amount of photosynthesis and water in the plant system itself before the onset of drought and heat stresses during reproductive stages. Various physiological mechanisms and fertility enhancement components including genetic diversity in key traits have been discussed here to improve yield of pulses under stressed conditions.

Mannur, D.M., Yeri, S.B., Mahiboobsa, M., Shankergouda, I., Thudi, M., Varshney, R.K. <https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/view/author/Varshney, Rajeev.html>ORCID: 0000-0002-4562-9131 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4562-9131, Gaur, P.M. and Jayalakshmi, S.K. (2016) Introgress of foc 4 QTL loc..., 2016

Chickpea is an important food legume cultivated and consumed across the Indian subcontinent. Fusa... more Chickpea is an important food legume cultivated and consumed across the Indian subcontinent. Fusarium wilt is the major constraint in chickpea production. The wilt race confined to Northern-Karnataka region is caused by soil borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (foc 4). Thus marker assisted backcrossing (MABC) was attempted to introgress the foc 4 loci from WR-315 (wilt resistant) to elite cultivar Annegeri-1(A-1: wilt susceptible) (A-1× WR-315). For MABC three markers TA96, TA27-F and TR19-V conferring the foc 4 loci were used in foreground selection. Background selection was employed using 40 SSR markers that were evenly distributed on to all the 8 LG of chickpea genome. After two backcrosses and two rounds selfing, 67 families were found to be resistant to wilt under wilt sick garden and possessed good background genome recovery (78.85-94.83%). Of the 67 BC2F3 families top ten elite families with recurrent parent genome recovery of 91.07-94.83% were selected. The selected lines were homozygous and stable. Stringent phenotypic evaluation of advanced lines of BC2F3 families in wilt sick garden could confirm resistance to fusarium wilt Race-4. These elite lines are being evaluated for yield and yield attributing traits in multi-location trails to identify the best possible line as compared to local check for release and general cultivation in Northern-Karnataka region. The present investigation was accomplished with speedy development of elite "Super Annigeri-1" cultivar resistant to fusarium wilt, grain yield advantage that was otherwise susceptible, as early as in two backcrosses and selfing

International Journal of Plant Production, 2014

Production and area of chickpea are reducing every year in India due to competition with horticul... more Production and area of chickpea are reducing every year in India due to competition with horticulture and other cash crops in irrigated areas. There is a great scope for expanding chickpea production with or without limited irrigation in rainfed rice fallow lands (RRFL) in the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Nineteen chickpea genotypes were tested using participatory varietal selection (PVS) trials on farmers’ fields in each of the four districts of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Among the several traits of the introduced chickpea varieties, grain yield was the most preferred trait by farmers, followed by resistance to diseases and early maturity. Selection of chickpea genotypes varied over time and location depending on agronomic and climatic pressures, indicating a preference by farmers for growing multiple, improved varieties. Yield potential of PVS genotypes averaged up to 50% greater than the local cultivar. Farmers’ participation in the selection process of genoty...

Legumes (Leguminosae family) seed system in India consists of the informal, formal and the integr... more Legumes (Leguminosae family) seed system in India consists of the informal, formal and the integrated seed sector. However, the informal seed sector dominates the seed production system. The majority of farmers who grow legumes particularly as dry seeds (in short pulses), save a part of their produce (about 80-90%) as seed requirement. Although, the private sector is increasing its share of the market, it is the farmers’ sector (farmer-saved seed and exchange systems) that produces 70% of the quality seed. Quality seeds are labeled as ‘truthful’ seeds when farmers follow the recommended package of practices in order to maintain the level of genetic purity of legumes. In the formal seed sector, private companies respond to commercial incentives on hybrids of high-value seeds. However, the existence of the developed formal seed sector at the national level cannot guarantee small-farmer seed security at the community and household levels. The integrated approach that takes into cogniza...

The Semi-arid and Arid tropics ecology and weather have undergone a noticeable change due to clim... more The Semi-arid and Arid tropics ecology and weather have undergone a noticeable change due to climate change which has reduced pulse production by more than 56%. Considering this adverse effect of climate change, farming systems need to be established that are appropriate for, and tolerant towards, a specific area and its environment. Given these conditions, there is a need to increase production of pulses and improving livelihood by utilizing the rice fallow cropping system of smallholder farmers. However, the focus should be on deep black soil where moisture retention is high that will last to 2-3 months as compared to red soils...

Cultural management practices are measures undertaken by humans which refers to that broad set of... more Cultural management practices are measures undertaken by humans which refers to that broad set of management techniques or options which may be manipulated by agricultural producers to achieve their crop production goals.

Grain legumes are characterised by their nutritional value, an ability to grow rapidly and improv... more Grain legumes are characterised by their nutritional value, an ability to grow rapidly and improve soil health. This makes them a key rotation crop in promoting food security. However, yields are constrained by factors such as pests and diseases as well as vulnerability to poor soils, drought and other effects of climate change. This collection reviews the wealth of research addressing these challenges. Volume 2 assesses key research on particular types of grain legume with chapters on developing improved varieties as well as improvements in cultivation techniques. The book covers common beans, lentils, soybeans, groundnuts, cowpea, faba beans and pigeonpea. With its distinguished editorial team and international range of expert authors, this will be a standard reference for the grain legume research community and farmers of these important crops. It is accompanied by a companion volume which reviews general advances in breeding and cultivation techniques

Chickpea is an important legume in Myanmar, not only for local consumption but also for export ea... more Chickpea is an important legume in Myanmar, not only for local consumption but also for export earnings. Major chickpeaproducing area is the central dry zone which contributes 96% of the chickpea production. Kabuli chickpea is mainly grown for export, while desi chickpea is for local consumption. Eight improved varieties of chickpea (5 desi and 3 kabuli) have been released in Myanmar. The adoption of improved varieties and improved crop production practices has led to remarkable increase in chickpea yields and production.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important food legume in Ethiopia. Its production is challeng... more Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important food legume in Ethiopia. Its production is challenged by low productivity of landraces, poor farming practices, and biotic and abiotic stresses, among others. To address these challenges, EIAR has partnered with CGIAR centers and developed improved chickpea varieties, along with integrated crop management technologies that have increased productivity. Central to these efforts is the Tropical Legumes Projects (TL) funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Since the inception of the Tropical Legume project in 2007, six ‘kabuli’ and five ‘desi’ chickpea varieties have been released. TL project also supported efforts to avail high-quality seed of improved varieties to many small holder farmers through participatory variety selection and demonstration activities. Eighteen farmers’ seed producer associations have been established to fill up supply gaps for high quality seed. Seed production of improved chickpea varieties from 2008 to 20...

Euphytica, 2020

Genetic biofortification is a cost-effective strategy to address iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficien... more Genetic biofortification is a cost-effective strategy to address iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies prevalent worldwide. Being a rich and cheap protein source, chickpea, a food legume grown and consumed across the globe, is a good target for biofortification. Nineteen popular commercial cultivars of India were analysed for Fe and Zn content at four locations representing different agro-climatic zones to study the genotypic and genotype 9 environment interactions on Fe and Zn. Distribution of phytic acid (PA), an important anti-nutrient that chelates and reduces the mineral bioavailability, was also analysed. Influence of other agronomic traits like days to flowering, plant

Frontiers in Plant Science, 2020

Much of the world's population growth will occur in regions where food insecurity is prevalent, w... more Much of the world's population growth will occur in regions where food insecurity is prevalent, with large increases in food demand projected in regions of Africa and South Asia. While improving food security in these regions will require a multi-faceted approach, improved performance of crop varieties in these regions will play a critical role. Current rates of genetic gain in breeding programs serving Africa and South Asia fall below rates achieved in other regions of the world. Given resource constraints, increased genetic gain in these regions cannot be achieved by simply expanding the size of breeding programs. New approaches to breeding are required. The Genomic Open-source Breeding informatics initiative (GOBii) and Excellence in Breeding Platform (EiB) are working with public sector breeding programs to build capacity, develop breeding strategies, and build breeding informatics capabilities to enable routine use of new technologies that can improve the efficiency of breeding programs and increase genetic gains. Simulations evaluating breeding strategies indicate cost-effective implementations of genomic selection (GS) are feasible using relatively small training sets, and proof-of-concept implementations have been validated in the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) maize breeding program. Progress on GOBii, EiB, and implementation of GS in CIMMYT and International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) breeding programs are discussed, as well as strategies for routine implementation of GS in breeding programs serving Africa and South Asia.

International Journal of Plant Production, 2019

Tall and erect chickpea cultivar HC 5 (Haryana Chana 5) was primarily bred for inter-cropping wit... more Tall and erect chickpea cultivar HC 5 (Haryana Chana 5) was primarily bred for inter-cropping with autumn planted sugarcane. Cultivar HC 5 is distinctly different in morphology from traditional bushy or semi-spreading chickpea cultivars and it is found suitable for machine harvesting. However, a general recommended planting density (30 cm × 10 cm) is being followed for cv. HC 5 as well. In this study, we hypothesized that high-density planting can improve crop productivity and also improve the plant architecture for mechanical harvesting. To test this hypothesis, four plant spacing treatments (30 cm × 10 cm, 30 cm × 7.5 cm, 22.5 cm × 10 cm, and 22.5 cm × 7.5 cm) were evaluated in two chickpea cultivars (HC 5 and JAKI 9218) for crop growth, grain yield and the desirable plant traits for mechanical harvesting. The highest grain yield of cv. HC 5 was observed with 22.5 cm × 10 cm spacing that increased the grain yield by 9% (p < 0.05) over plant spacing of 30 cm × 10 cm (conventional); this indicates that high-density planting could increase the productivity of the cv. HC 5. Where grain yield of cv. JAKI 9218 was reduced (p < 0.05) with the increase in planting density over 30 cm × 10 cm. Increased grain yield of cv. HC 5 with 22.5 cm × 10 cm spacing over 30 cm × 10 cm was mainly attributed to increase in plant density (33%); however, all the plant attributes (primary branch, secondary branch, pod plant −1) were reduced as compared to plant spacing of 30 cm × 10 cm. The decrease in intra-row spacing of cv. HC 5 resulted in a strong adverse effect on plant growth and yield parameters as compared to inter-row spacing and thus not recommended. High-density planting increased the plant height (erectness) and ground clearance of cv. HC 5 (height of first pod) (~ 30 cm), an essential prerequisite for mechanical harvesting, but not in cv. JAKI 9218. Hence, cv. HC 5 requires a dense planting for higher yield and appropriate plant structure for mechanical harvesting. Therefore, it is recommended to work out the optimum planting geometry/plant population to realize the potential yield of cultivars bred for mechanical harvesting.

Journal of Heredity, 1990

Genetics of 16 isozymes was determined in chickp ea (Cicer L.) based on F2 segregation in intersp... more Genetics of 16 isozymes was determined in chickp ea (Cicer L.) based on F2 segregation in intersp ecific crosses of Cicer arietinum L. with C. reticulatum

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2011

HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Chickpea breeding and management

Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 2012