Hobart Davies | University of Wisconsin Milwaukee (original) (raw)

Papers by Hobart Davies

PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2012

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. Middle Eastern countries will be confronting ... more The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. Middle Eastern countries will be confronting an immense increase in the number of diabetes mellitus cases by 2030. Living with diabetes mellitus has been characterized as a dynamic individual transitive adjustment, based on restructuring of the illness perceived experience and management of the self. Adjustment with type 2 diabetes mellitus is an integral part of diabetes care. The present study aimed to determine the adjustment level and its relationship with socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes. In this descriptive-correlational study, 800 diabetic patients in diabetes clinics and Iranian diabetes association in the northwest of Iran participated using a convenient sampling method. The data collection tool consisted of Diabetes Adjustment Assessment Scale (DAAS). Data analysis was performed using SPSS11 statistical software. The total score of DAAS was 166.24 ± 23.88 from a possible score between 43 and 215. The diabetic participants believed that they had a moderate level of adjustment with diabetes. The study showed a significant relationship between adjustment and some demographic and clinical characteristics; therefore, the necessity of health promotion interventions based on adjustment theories was inevitable.

Global Pediatric Health, 2021

Self-asphyxial behavior to achieve a euphoric high (The Choking Game; TCG), occurs most often dur... more Self-asphyxial behavior to achieve a euphoric high (The Choking Game; TCG), occurs most often during early adolescence. Participants in TCG often engage in other risky behaviors. This study investigated the relationship between prior experience with TCG and problematic drinking behaviors in emerging adulthood. Emerging adults, 18 to 25 years old (N = 1248), 56% female, and 78% Caucasian completed an online survey regarding knowledge of and prior engagement in TCG and current drinking behaviors. Participants who personally engaged in TCG during childhood/adolescence or were familiar with TCG reported significantly more problematic drinking behaviors during emerging adulthood. Those present when others engaged in TCG but resisted participation themselves reported significantly less current problematic drinking behaviors than those who participated, but significantly more current problematic drinking behaviors than those never present. Emerging adults with increased social familiarity ...

The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal, 2021

Objective Existing psychosocial research offers little information on the unique challenges and s... more Objective Existing psychosocial research offers little information on the unique challenges and strengths of children adopted from China with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). The present study aimed to understand biopsychosocial factors that support positive self-concept in this population. Design Qualitative, semistructured interviews were conducted with children and their parents. Interpretive phenomenological analysis of transcribed interviews was utilized for data analysis. Setting Participants were recruited in an outpatient, pediatric multidisciplinary cleft clinic during a standard team visit. Patients, Participants Participants were ages 8 to 12 years with a diagnosis of isolated cleft lip-palate who were internationally adopted from China before the age of 2 years and English-speaking. Participants also included English-speaking parents. Results Themes reflecting data from the child and parent subsamples include: (1) child's characteristics, (2) family strengths, (3) ado...

Children, 2016

Tailored pain management strategies are urgently needed for youth with co-occurring chronic pain ... more Tailored pain management strategies are urgently needed for youth with co-occurring chronic pain and obesity; however, prior to developing such strategies, we need to understand parent perspectives on weight in the context of pediatric chronic pain. Participants in this study included 233 parents of patients presenting to a multidisciplinary pediatric chronic pain clinic. Parents completed a brief survey prior to their child's initial appointment; questions addressed parents' perceptions of their child's weight, and their perceptions of multiple aspects of the relationship between their child's weight and chronic pain. The majority (64%) of parents of youth with obesity accurately rated their child's weight; this group of parents was also more concerned (p < 0.05) about their child's weight than parents of youth with a healthy weight. However, the majority of parents of youth with obesity did not think their child's weight contributed to his/her pain, or that weight was relevant to their child's pain or pain treatment. Overall, only half of all parents saw discussions of weight, nutrition, and physical activity as important to treating their child's pain. Results support the need for addressing parents' perceptions of their child's weight status, and educating parents about the relationship between excessive weight and chronic pain.

Quality of Life Research, 2017

HRQoL in the community; though the findings in the current community sample may not extend to par... more HRQoL in the community; though the findings in the current community sample may not extend to parents recruited from specialty clinics whose children may have more severe chronic illnesses. Parents of children with mild chronic conditions are still at risk for poor HRQoL, warranting attention from health care providers. Keywords Health-related quality of life • Latent profile analysis • Parent functioning • Chronic illness ceive the impact of health on their physical and psychosocial functioning in numerous life domains, such as physical activity, memory and attention, sleep, and participation in social activities [5].

Global pediatric health, 2016

The choking game (TCG) is an adolescent activity in which asphyxiation is used to obtain a "... more The choking game (TCG) is an adolescent activity in which asphyxiation is used to obtain a "high," occasionally resulting in seizures or death. A plethora of TCG information is available through YouTube, though this content has not been evaluated recently. The current study described TCG as portrayed in YouTube videos and compared views and ratings of TCG videos to unrelated videos. The TCG videos demonstrated diverse methods of asphyxiation, with a minority showing injury to the participants. TCG videos were less likely to be commented on or rated positively than non-choking game videos. TCG prevention videos differed significantly from actual TCG videos in the way they depicted the social context of TCG. Thus, TCG videos are accessible through YouTube, but the prevention materials available on YouTube are not accurate or representative. Accurate and educational online prevention materials should be created to decrease the occurrence of TCG.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2016

Parents of children with autism often report feeling judged and are increasingly using disclosure... more Parents of children with autism often report feeling judged and are increasingly using disclosure cards to reduce negative perceptions. However, no empirical research has been conducted on the effectiveness of these cards. The present study used vignettes of a parent-child interaction in which the child was misbehaving and investigated the efficacy on 160 parents' perceptions. A unique survey was developed with two factors (Maternal Skill Deficit and Negative Reaction) and a single item (Sympathy for Mother). Those who received the disclosure card reported significantly lower Maternal Skill Deficit and Negative Reaction to the Dyad and no difference in Sympathy for the Mother. These results provide preliminary validation for the use of autism disclosure cards in buffering negative judgment.

Infant, child & adolescent nutrition, 2012

The purpose of this study was to document the prevalence and characteristics of physical pain in ... more The purpose of this study was to document the prevalence and characteristics of physical pain in a sample of severely obese children and adolescents. In this retrospective chart review, primary measures included current and past pain, pain intensity, and pain characteristics during a 5-minute walk test. Pain assessments for 74 patients (mean age 11.7 years; 53% female; 41% African American) were conducted by a physical therapist. Past pain was reported by 73% of the sample, with 47% reporting pain on the day of program enrollment. Although average pain intensity was moderate (M = 5.5/10), alarmingly, 42% of those with current pain reported severe pain (6/10 to 10/10). Overall, pain occurred primarily in the lower extremities and with physical activity. Patients reporting current pain had a significantly higher body mass index than those reporting no pain. These findings suggest that pain is common in severely obese youth, and furthermore, that pain should be recognized as a comorbid...

Pain Research and Treatment, 2014

Typically, pain is measured by intensity and sensory characteristics. Although intensity is one o... more Typically, pain is measured by intensity and sensory characteristics. Although intensity is one of the most common dimensions of pain assessment, it has been suggested that measuring pain intensity in isolation is only capturing part of the pain experience and may not lead to an accurate measurement of how pain impacts a child’s daily functioning. The current study aimed to develop a measure that would capture pain intensity along with frequency and duration in a clinical sample of youth diagnosed with chronic pain. The pain-frequency-severity-duration (PFSD) scale was developed and data were collected from a multidisciplinary pain clinic at a large, midwestern children’s hospital. Validated measures of functional limitations and health related quality of life were also collected. Significant correlations were found between the PFSD composite score, functional limitations, and health related quality of life. Future research should continue to evaluate this questionnaire utilizing ot...

Pain Research and Treatment, 2012

Objective. To examine physical, cognitive, and social-emotional predictors of quality of life (HR... more Objective. To examine physical, cognitive, and social-emotional predictors of quality of life (HRQOL) and functional disability (FD) in adolescents diagnosed with Neurofibromatosis-1. Methods. Participants were twenty-seven adolescents with a diagnosis of NF-1 who were recruited through an NF-1 specialty clinic at a large Midwestern children’s hospital. Measurements of the adolescents’ cognitive functioning, pain, FD, HRQOL, and social and emotional functioning were obtained with corresponding parent measures. Results. Emotional functioning significantly predicted youth-reported and parent-reported HRQOL, whereas days of pain significantly predicted youth-reported FD. Conclusions. NF-1 is a complex disease. Measurements of the overall impact of the disease tap into different aspects of the effects of NF-1 on daily life. Global outcomes such as HRQOL appear to be influenced especially by emotional functioning, whereas outcomes such as FD appear to be influenced by the physical/organi...

Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 2007

Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 2009

Objective Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the factor structure of the Social Co... more Objective Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the factor structure of the Social Consequences of Pain (SCP) questionnaire in youth referred for specialty pain treatment. The existing four-factor structure (i.e., Positive Attention, Negative Attention, Activity Restriction, Privileges) was compared to an alternate threefactor structure merging Positive Attention and Privileges into a single scale (Favorable Consequences). Methods Participants were 373 youth (aged 8-18 years) with chronic pain referred to a tertiary pain clinic. Most participants presented with pain in the head, abdomen, legs, or back. Participants completed the SCP questionnaire at or before an intake appointment. Results Both three-factor and four-factor solutions were acceptable. The three-factor solution emerged as preferable due to stronger internal consistencies. Conclusions Findings support the validity of the SCP for the assessment of social consequences in diverse presentations of pediatric chronic pain.

Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 2009

Objective Develop a questionnaire to assess family-based feeding strategies, strengths, and mealt... more Objective Develop a questionnaire to assess family-based feeding strategies, strengths, and mealtime structure for use with children with feeding problems; validate this new instrument with caregivers of young children from the community and a specialty feeding-clinic; and examine preliminary evidence for reliability and validity. Methods Community caregivers (n ¼ 702) and caregivers seeking services at a pediatric feeding specialty clinic (n ¼ 288) completed the Feeding Strategies Questionnaire (FSQ). A smaller portion of these families also completed an established feeding measure. Results Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to develop and validate the FSQ factor structure that resulted in six scales: Mealtime Structure, Consistent Mealtime Schedule, Child Control of Intake, Parent Control of Intake, Between Meal Grazing and Encourages Clean Plate. Evidence of reliability and validity was obtained. Conclusion It appears the FSQ can aid the assessment of feeding strategies relevant to the prevention or treatment of pediatric feeding difficulties.

Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 2005

Objective To explore maternal experience following youth assault occurring in the community. Meth... more Objective To explore maternal experience following youth assault occurring in the community. Methods A semistructured interview was used to elicit concerns and coping strategies among 35 African-American mothers whose children received emergency department (ED) treatment for assault-related injuries. Mothers also completed measures of violence exposure, trauma symptoms, social support, and youth functioning. Results The most common concerns involved family safety, maternal mental health, and youth externalizing behavior. Faith and social support were the most common coping strategies. High levels of distress were found, which were directly related to maternal violence exposure, relationships that required mothers to nurture others, and youth functioning. Distress was inversely related to relationships that provided guidance from others. Conclusion Distress is common among low-income African-American mothers of youth assault victims. To bolster youth recovery and to reduce the risk of future injury, ED staff should be knowledgeable regarding culturally sensitive resources to address maternal distress.

Journal of Family Psychology, 2006

The feeding of young children is fundamentally a relational and multisystemic process. Successful... more The feeding of young children is fundamentally a relational and multisystemic process. Successful treatment of clinically significant feeding problems involves careful assessment of the full range of influences on the feeding relationship and integrated treatment approaches. However, current diagnostic approaches to feeding disorders tend to be reductionistic, exclusively focused on the child as an individual, and overly concerned with exclusionary criteria. Criteria are proposed for "Feeding Disorder Between Parent and Child" that address these limitations and embrace the complexity of feeding problems. A multiaxial diagnosis that describes the child (including medical, developmental, and behavioral characteristics); the parent; the parent-child relationship; and the social and nutritional context of feeding will more accurately speak to treatment planning in this population. The proposed diagnostic criteria were developed and refined on the basis of the available literature and many years of treatment experience across the authors of this article. The proposed diagnosis will support the development and evaluation of treatment packages with components specifically targeted to issues of the child, parent, parent-child interaction, and the broader environment.

Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 1992

This study compared the social reputation of: (1) childre4, with a cancer which did not involve t... more This study compared the social reputation of: (1) childre4, with a cancer which did not involve the central nervous system (N=26); (2) children with a primary meignancy involving the central nervous system (N=15); and (3) children with sickle cell disease (N=33) to matched, same classroom peers using a measure of social reputation, the Revised Class Play (RCP). All children were ages 8 to 15. Each child's classroom teacher completed the RCP, which assesses sociability-leadership, aggressive-disruptive, and sensitive-isolated interpersonal qualities. Analysis showed children with cancer were nominated more often for roles on the sociability-leadership dimension and less often for roles on the aggressive-disruptive factor. Brain tumor survivors were nominated more often for sensitive-isolated roles. Children with sickle cell disease were not significantly different from peers. Results suggest that chronic illness per se does not have a negative impact on children's social reputation. The data demonstrated that the stressful life events associated with cancer or sickle cell disease did not save a significant negative impact on school adjustment for school-aged children with these diseases. Includes 29 references.

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2006

This review assessed the effectiveness of behavioural parent-training (BPT) and cognitive-behavio... more This review assessed the effectiveness of behavioural parent-training (BPT) and cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for treating antisocial behaviour in young people. BPT and CBT have small to medium effects on antisocial behaviour; this was based on average effects of various interventions on various outcomes. The review methods could have favoured positive findings.

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 2007

Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) can have varying degrees of cognitive impairment, an... more Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) can have varying degrees of cognitive impairment, and are at risk for social, emotional, and behavioral dysfunction. We undertook an evaluation of social, emotional, and behavioral functioning of youth with NF1 and peers from multiple perspectives. We hypothesized that children with NF1 would have more psychosocial difficulties, which would be positively associated with neurological involvement. We compared 58 children with NF1, ages 7–15, with comparison classroom peers, classmates who were same race/gender and closest date of birth. Peer relationships, emotional well‐being, and behavior were evaluated from multiple perspectives in multiple settings. Results showed that teachers perceived children with NF1 as more prosocial (i.e., polite, helpful to others). Teachers and peers viewed children with NF1 as displaying less leadership behavior and as more socially sensitive‐isolated (i.e., often left out, trouble making friends). Children wi...

Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 2021

Objective To examine rates of emerging adults’ (EA) adherence to preventative health behavior rec... more Objective To examine rates of emerging adults’ (EA) adherence to preventative health behavior recommendations during early months of the COVID-19 pandemic and to investigate demographic (i.e., gender, years of education, socioeconomic status, school enrollment status, and living situation) and exposure and impact-related correlates of adherence. Methods Participants were 273 [M (SD) age = 22 (2.1) years, 55% female, 32% from minoritized groups] EA completed an online survey of adherence to 11 preventative health behaviors recommended by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) during summer 2020. Participants rated adherence via a visual analog scale. Participants also reported demographic information and completed the COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Adolescent and Young Adult Version (CEFIS-AYA). Results Median levels of adherence to preventative recommendations ranged from 66% to 100%. Highest adherence levels (Mdn > 90%) were reported for quarantining if exposed to COVID-19; ...

PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2012

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. Middle Eastern countries will be confronting ... more The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. Middle Eastern countries will be confronting an immense increase in the number of diabetes mellitus cases by 2030. Living with diabetes mellitus has been characterized as a dynamic individual transitive adjustment, based on restructuring of the illness perceived experience and management of the self. Adjustment with type 2 diabetes mellitus is an integral part of diabetes care. The present study aimed to determine the adjustment level and its relationship with socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes. In this descriptive-correlational study, 800 diabetic patients in diabetes clinics and Iranian diabetes association in the northwest of Iran participated using a convenient sampling method. The data collection tool consisted of Diabetes Adjustment Assessment Scale (DAAS). Data analysis was performed using SPSS11 statistical software. The total score of DAAS was 166.24 ± 23.88 from a possible score between 43 and 215. The diabetic participants believed that they had a moderate level of adjustment with diabetes. The study showed a significant relationship between adjustment and some demographic and clinical characteristics; therefore, the necessity of health promotion interventions based on adjustment theories was inevitable.

Global Pediatric Health, 2021

Self-asphyxial behavior to achieve a euphoric high (The Choking Game; TCG), occurs most often dur... more Self-asphyxial behavior to achieve a euphoric high (The Choking Game; TCG), occurs most often during early adolescence. Participants in TCG often engage in other risky behaviors. This study investigated the relationship between prior experience with TCG and problematic drinking behaviors in emerging adulthood. Emerging adults, 18 to 25 years old (N = 1248), 56% female, and 78% Caucasian completed an online survey regarding knowledge of and prior engagement in TCG and current drinking behaviors. Participants who personally engaged in TCG during childhood/adolescence or were familiar with TCG reported significantly more problematic drinking behaviors during emerging adulthood. Those present when others engaged in TCG but resisted participation themselves reported significantly less current problematic drinking behaviors than those who participated, but significantly more current problematic drinking behaviors than those never present. Emerging adults with increased social familiarity ...

The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal, 2021

Objective Existing psychosocial research offers little information on the unique challenges and s... more Objective Existing psychosocial research offers little information on the unique challenges and strengths of children adopted from China with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). The present study aimed to understand biopsychosocial factors that support positive self-concept in this population. Design Qualitative, semistructured interviews were conducted with children and their parents. Interpretive phenomenological analysis of transcribed interviews was utilized for data analysis. Setting Participants were recruited in an outpatient, pediatric multidisciplinary cleft clinic during a standard team visit. Patients, Participants Participants were ages 8 to 12 years with a diagnosis of isolated cleft lip-palate who were internationally adopted from China before the age of 2 years and English-speaking. Participants also included English-speaking parents. Results Themes reflecting data from the child and parent subsamples include: (1) child's characteristics, (2) family strengths, (3) ado...

Children, 2016

Tailored pain management strategies are urgently needed for youth with co-occurring chronic pain ... more Tailored pain management strategies are urgently needed for youth with co-occurring chronic pain and obesity; however, prior to developing such strategies, we need to understand parent perspectives on weight in the context of pediatric chronic pain. Participants in this study included 233 parents of patients presenting to a multidisciplinary pediatric chronic pain clinic. Parents completed a brief survey prior to their child's initial appointment; questions addressed parents' perceptions of their child's weight, and their perceptions of multiple aspects of the relationship between their child's weight and chronic pain. The majority (64%) of parents of youth with obesity accurately rated their child's weight; this group of parents was also more concerned (p < 0.05) about their child's weight than parents of youth with a healthy weight. However, the majority of parents of youth with obesity did not think their child's weight contributed to his/her pain, or that weight was relevant to their child's pain or pain treatment. Overall, only half of all parents saw discussions of weight, nutrition, and physical activity as important to treating their child's pain. Results support the need for addressing parents' perceptions of their child's weight status, and educating parents about the relationship between excessive weight and chronic pain.

Quality of Life Research, 2017

HRQoL in the community; though the findings in the current community sample may not extend to par... more HRQoL in the community; though the findings in the current community sample may not extend to parents recruited from specialty clinics whose children may have more severe chronic illnesses. Parents of children with mild chronic conditions are still at risk for poor HRQoL, warranting attention from health care providers. Keywords Health-related quality of life • Latent profile analysis • Parent functioning • Chronic illness ceive the impact of health on their physical and psychosocial functioning in numerous life domains, such as physical activity, memory and attention, sleep, and participation in social activities [5].

Global pediatric health, 2016

The choking game (TCG) is an adolescent activity in which asphyxiation is used to obtain a "... more The choking game (TCG) is an adolescent activity in which asphyxiation is used to obtain a "high," occasionally resulting in seizures or death. A plethora of TCG information is available through YouTube, though this content has not been evaluated recently. The current study described TCG as portrayed in YouTube videos and compared views and ratings of TCG videos to unrelated videos. The TCG videos demonstrated diverse methods of asphyxiation, with a minority showing injury to the participants. TCG videos were less likely to be commented on or rated positively than non-choking game videos. TCG prevention videos differed significantly from actual TCG videos in the way they depicted the social context of TCG. Thus, TCG videos are accessible through YouTube, but the prevention materials available on YouTube are not accurate or representative. Accurate and educational online prevention materials should be created to decrease the occurrence of TCG.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2016

Parents of children with autism often report feeling judged and are increasingly using disclosure... more Parents of children with autism often report feeling judged and are increasingly using disclosure cards to reduce negative perceptions. However, no empirical research has been conducted on the effectiveness of these cards. The present study used vignettes of a parent-child interaction in which the child was misbehaving and investigated the efficacy on 160 parents' perceptions. A unique survey was developed with two factors (Maternal Skill Deficit and Negative Reaction) and a single item (Sympathy for Mother). Those who received the disclosure card reported significantly lower Maternal Skill Deficit and Negative Reaction to the Dyad and no difference in Sympathy for the Mother. These results provide preliminary validation for the use of autism disclosure cards in buffering negative judgment.

Infant, child & adolescent nutrition, 2012

The purpose of this study was to document the prevalence and characteristics of physical pain in ... more The purpose of this study was to document the prevalence and characteristics of physical pain in a sample of severely obese children and adolescents. In this retrospective chart review, primary measures included current and past pain, pain intensity, and pain characteristics during a 5-minute walk test. Pain assessments for 74 patients (mean age 11.7 years; 53% female; 41% African American) were conducted by a physical therapist. Past pain was reported by 73% of the sample, with 47% reporting pain on the day of program enrollment. Although average pain intensity was moderate (M = 5.5/10), alarmingly, 42% of those with current pain reported severe pain (6/10 to 10/10). Overall, pain occurred primarily in the lower extremities and with physical activity. Patients reporting current pain had a significantly higher body mass index than those reporting no pain. These findings suggest that pain is common in severely obese youth, and furthermore, that pain should be recognized as a comorbid...

Pain Research and Treatment, 2014

Typically, pain is measured by intensity and sensory characteristics. Although intensity is one o... more Typically, pain is measured by intensity and sensory characteristics. Although intensity is one of the most common dimensions of pain assessment, it has been suggested that measuring pain intensity in isolation is only capturing part of the pain experience and may not lead to an accurate measurement of how pain impacts a child’s daily functioning. The current study aimed to develop a measure that would capture pain intensity along with frequency and duration in a clinical sample of youth diagnosed with chronic pain. The pain-frequency-severity-duration (PFSD) scale was developed and data were collected from a multidisciplinary pain clinic at a large, midwestern children’s hospital. Validated measures of functional limitations and health related quality of life were also collected. Significant correlations were found between the PFSD composite score, functional limitations, and health related quality of life. Future research should continue to evaluate this questionnaire utilizing ot...

Pain Research and Treatment, 2012

Objective. To examine physical, cognitive, and social-emotional predictors of quality of life (HR... more Objective. To examine physical, cognitive, and social-emotional predictors of quality of life (HRQOL) and functional disability (FD) in adolescents diagnosed with Neurofibromatosis-1. Methods. Participants were twenty-seven adolescents with a diagnosis of NF-1 who were recruited through an NF-1 specialty clinic at a large Midwestern children’s hospital. Measurements of the adolescents’ cognitive functioning, pain, FD, HRQOL, and social and emotional functioning were obtained with corresponding parent measures. Results. Emotional functioning significantly predicted youth-reported and parent-reported HRQOL, whereas days of pain significantly predicted youth-reported FD. Conclusions. NF-1 is a complex disease. Measurements of the overall impact of the disease tap into different aspects of the effects of NF-1 on daily life. Global outcomes such as HRQOL appear to be influenced especially by emotional functioning, whereas outcomes such as FD appear to be influenced by the physical/organi...

Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 2007

Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 2009

Objective Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the factor structure of the Social Co... more Objective Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the factor structure of the Social Consequences of Pain (SCP) questionnaire in youth referred for specialty pain treatment. The existing four-factor structure (i.e., Positive Attention, Negative Attention, Activity Restriction, Privileges) was compared to an alternate threefactor structure merging Positive Attention and Privileges into a single scale (Favorable Consequences). Methods Participants were 373 youth (aged 8-18 years) with chronic pain referred to a tertiary pain clinic. Most participants presented with pain in the head, abdomen, legs, or back. Participants completed the SCP questionnaire at or before an intake appointment. Results Both three-factor and four-factor solutions were acceptable. The three-factor solution emerged as preferable due to stronger internal consistencies. Conclusions Findings support the validity of the SCP for the assessment of social consequences in diverse presentations of pediatric chronic pain.

Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 2009

Objective Develop a questionnaire to assess family-based feeding strategies, strengths, and mealt... more Objective Develop a questionnaire to assess family-based feeding strategies, strengths, and mealtime structure for use with children with feeding problems; validate this new instrument with caregivers of young children from the community and a specialty feeding-clinic; and examine preliminary evidence for reliability and validity. Methods Community caregivers (n ¼ 702) and caregivers seeking services at a pediatric feeding specialty clinic (n ¼ 288) completed the Feeding Strategies Questionnaire (FSQ). A smaller portion of these families also completed an established feeding measure. Results Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to develop and validate the FSQ factor structure that resulted in six scales: Mealtime Structure, Consistent Mealtime Schedule, Child Control of Intake, Parent Control of Intake, Between Meal Grazing and Encourages Clean Plate. Evidence of reliability and validity was obtained. Conclusion It appears the FSQ can aid the assessment of feeding strategies relevant to the prevention or treatment of pediatric feeding difficulties.

Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 2005

Objective To explore maternal experience following youth assault occurring in the community. Meth... more Objective To explore maternal experience following youth assault occurring in the community. Methods A semistructured interview was used to elicit concerns and coping strategies among 35 African-American mothers whose children received emergency department (ED) treatment for assault-related injuries. Mothers also completed measures of violence exposure, trauma symptoms, social support, and youth functioning. Results The most common concerns involved family safety, maternal mental health, and youth externalizing behavior. Faith and social support were the most common coping strategies. High levels of distress were found, which were directly related to maternal violence exposure, relationships that required mothers to nurture others, and youth functioning. Distress was inversely related to relationships that provided guidance from others. Conclusion Distress is common among low-income African-American mothers of youth assault victims. To bolster youth recovery and to reduce the risk of future injury, ED staff should be knowledgeable regarding culturally sensitive resources to address maternal distress.

Journal of Family Psychology, 2006

The feeding of young children is fundamentally a relational and multisystemic process. Successful... more The feeding of young children is fundamentally a relational and multisystemic process. Successful treatment of clinically significant feeding problems involves careful assessment of the full range of influences on the feeding relationship and integrated treatment approaches. However, current diagnostic approaches to feeding disorders tend to be reductionistic, exclusively focused on the child as an individual, and overly concerned with exclusionary criteria. Criteria are proposed for "Feeding Disorder Between Parent and Child" that address these limitations and embrace the complexity of feeding problems. A multiaxial diagnosis that describes the child (including medical, developmental, and behavioral characteristics); the parent; the parent-child relationship; and the social and nutritional context of feeding will more accurately speak to treatment planning in this population. The proposed diagnostic criteria were developed and refined on the basis of the available literature and many years of treatment experience across the authors of this article. The proposed diagnosis will support the development and evaluation of treatment packages with components specifically targeted to issues of the child, parent, parent-child interaction, and the broader environment.

Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 1992

This study compared the social reputation of: (1) childre4, with a cancer which did not involve t... more This study compared the social reputation of: (1) childre4, with a cancer which did not involve the central nervous system (N=26); (2) children with a primary meignancy involving the central nervous system (N=15); and (3) children with sickle cell disease (N=33) to matched, same classroom peers using a measure of social reputation, the Revised Class Play (RCP). All children were ages 8 to 15. Each child's classroom teacher completed the RCP, which assesses sociability-leadership, aggressive-disruptive, and sensitive-isolated interpersonal qualities. Analysis showed children with cancer were nominated more often for roles on the sociability-leadership dimension and less often for roles on the aggressive-disruptive factor. Brain tumor survivors were nominated more often for sensitive-isolated roles. Children with sickle cell disease were not significantly different from peers. Results suggest that chronic illness per se does not have a negative impact on children's social reputation. The data demonstrated that the stressful life events associated with cancer or sickle cell disease did not save a significant negative impact on school adjustment for school-aged children with these diseases. Includes 29 references.

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2006

This review assessed the effectiveness of behavioural parent-training (BPT) and cognitive-behavio... more This review assessed the effectiveness of behavioural parent-training (BPT) and cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for treating antisocial behaviour in young people. BPT and CBT have small to medium effects on antisocial behaviour; this was based on average effects of various interventions on various outcomes. The review methods could have favoured positive findings.

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 2007

Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) can have varying degrees of cognitive impairment, an... more Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) can have varying degrees of cognitive impairment, and are at risk for social, emotional, and behavioral dysfunction. We undertook an evaluation of social, emotional, and behavioral functioning of youth with NF1 and peers from multiple perspectives. We hypothesized that children with NF1 would have more psychosocial difficulties, which would be positively associated with neurological involvement. We compared 58 children with NF1, ages 7–15, with comparison classroom peers, classmates who were same race/gender and closest date of birth. Peer relationships, emotional well‐being, and behavior were evaluated from multiple perspectives in multiple settings. Results showed that teachers perceived children with NF1 as more prosocial (i.e., polite, helpful to others). Teachers and peers viewed children with NF1 as displaying less leadership behavior and as more socially sensitive‐isolated (i.e., often left out, trouble making friends). Children wi...

Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 2021

Objective To examine rates of emerging adults’ (EA) adherence to preventative health behavior rec... more Objective To examine rates of emerging adults’ (EA) adherence to preventative health behavior recommendations during early months of the COVID-19 pandemic and to investigate demographic (i.e., gender, years of education, socioeconomic status, school enrollment status, and living situation) and exposure and impact-related correlates of adherence. Methods Participants were 273 [M (SD) age = 22 (2.1) years, 55% female, 32% from minoritized groups] EA completed an online survey of adherence to 11 preventative health behaviors recommended by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) during summer 2020. Participants rated adherence via a visual analog scale. Participants also reported demographic information and completed the COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Adolescent and Young Adult Version (CEFIS-AYA). Results Median levels of adherence to preventative recommendations ranged from 66% to 100%. Highest adherence levels (Mdn > 90%) were reported for quarantining if exposed to COVID-19; ...