Michael Bonds | University of Wisconsin Milwaukee (original) (raw)
Papers by Michael Bonds
International Journal of Regional Development, 2016
White flight' has largely come to mean exit from or avoidance of racially mixed public schools in... more White flight' has largely come to mean exit from or avoidance of racially mixed public schools in urban neighborhoods. But the 'new' white flight is complicated by the fact that more whites who are often more affluent remain or relocate to desirable urban areas that are close to jobs and attractive city amenities. This paper describes how white flight can now happen without housing relocation with support from state-wide and municipal school choice policies resulting in the further re-segregation of regional schools. Using the Milwaukee Public School system's Open Enrollment program as a case study, the authors demonstrate that this seemingly politically neutral school choice program supports the new white flight, enabling the children of white families to attend -and subsidize -the region's suburban schools with declining enrollment, while further undermining the financial base of urban public schools. This study confirms earlier research indicating white students comprise the majority of participants in Open Enrollment programs, but with more non-white students participating in the Milwaukee program in the last five years. Extensive qualitative analysis of historical documents served as the primary research method for this study. Implications for other regions are discussed.
The Journal of Negro Education, 2009
Journal of Health & Social Policy, 2006
This study examined how welfare recipients in the Wisconsin Works Program were treated by communi... more This study examined how welfare recipients in the Wisconsin Works Program were treated by community-based organizations' caseworkers, as opposed to government agencies, to determine if racial disparities existed. The same racial disparities found with public agencies existed. And CBOs were not providing Blacks with services needed to get off welfare.
Journal of Health & Social Policy, 2006
This study examined the impact of welfare reform on African- American and Caucasian welfare recip... more This study examined the impact of welfare reform on African- American and Caucasian welfare recipients in Milwaukee, Wisconsin to determine if there were differences in their experience with employers and private welfare agencies. The study found that despite having higher education levels and higher job training completion rates, African-American welfare recipients did not fare any better than Caucasians in terms of employment. African-American welfare recipients were more likely to be required to take pre-employment tests and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuses (AODA) than were Caucasians.
Journal of Black Studies, 2007
Journal of African American Studies, 2006
This study examined the experiences of African American and Caucasian welfare recipients in the W... more This study examined the experiences of African American and Caucasian welfare recipients in the Wisconsin Works (W-2) Program that uses community-based organizations (CBOs), as opposed to public agencies for its welfare services, to determine if race was declining in significance. It found that race is significant. African Americans' job interviews were shorter than Caucasians. African Americans were required to take pre-employment tests and alcohol and other drug tests more often than Caucasians. Blacks were less likely to be encouraged to go to college than whites, despite higher education levels. The same racial disparities found with public agencies existed with CBOs.
Journal of African American Studies, 2007
An increase in the number of black elected officials and community need did not result in more re... more An increase in the number of black elected officials and community need did not result in more resources for the black community. Instead, there was a decrease in Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funds allocated to the black community in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. African-American council members did not vote as a racial bloc and they supported using CDBG funds to pay for city services instead of neighborhood projects. The biracial political coalition that Blacks counted on to help them was often time divided. The city bureaucracy that controlled CDBG funding used practices that often worked to the disadvantage of black community.
Journal of African American Studies, 2009
This study examines the distribution of federal funds in Milwaukee, Wisconsin between 1988–2008 u... more This study examines the distribution of federal funds in Milwaukee, Wisconsin between 1988–2008 under a new Neighborhood Strategic Planning (NSP) process designed to increase citizen participation and empower neighborhoods residents by giving them an increased role in the distribution of federal urban renewal funds used for the period 1998–2008. It was then compared it to the old Community Development Block
Education and Urban Society, 2013
Journal of Black Studies, 2007
International Journal of Regional Development, 2016
White flight' has largely come to mean exit from or avoidance of racially mixed public schools in... more White flight' has largely come to mean exit from or avoidance of racially mixed public schools in urban neighborhoods. But the 'new' white flight is complicated by the fact that more whites who are often more affluent remain or relocate to desirable urban areas that are close to jobs and attractive city amenities. This paper describes how white flight can now happen without housing relocation with support from state-wide and municipal school choice policies resulting in the further re-segregation of regional schools. Using the Milwaukee Public School system's Open Enrollment program as a case study, the authors demonstrate that this seemingly politically neutral school choice program supports the new white flight, enabling the children of white families to attend -and subsidize -the region's suburban schools with declining enrollment, while further undermining the financial base of urban public schools. This study confirms earlier research indicating white students comprise the majority of participants in Open Enrollment programs, but with more non-white students participating in the Milwaukee program in the last five years. Extensive qualitative analysis of historical documents served as the primary research method for this study. Implications for other regions are discussed.
The Journal of Negro Education, 2009
Journal of Health & Social Policy, 2006
This study examined how welfare recipients in the Wisconsin Works Program were treated by communi... more This study examined how welfare recipients in the Wisconsin Works Program were treated by community-based organizations' caseworkers, as opposed to government agencies, to determine if racial disparities existed. The same racial disparities found with public agencies existed. And CBOs were not providing Blacks with services needed to get off welfare.
Journal of Health & Social Policy, 2006
This study examined the impact of welfare reform on African- American and Caucasian welfare recip... more This study examined the impact of welfare reform on African- American and Caucasian welfare recipients in Milwaukee, Wisconsin to determine if there were differences in their experience with employers and private welfare agencies. The study found that despite having higher education levels and higher job training completion rates, African-American welfare recipients did not fare any better than Caucasians in terms of employment. African-American welfare recipients were more likely to be required to take pre-employment tests and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuses (AODA) than were Caucasians.
Journal of Black Studies, 2007
Journal of African American Studies, 2006
This study examined the experiences of African American and Caucasian welfare recipients in the W... more This study examined the experiences of African American and Caucasian welfare recipients in the Wisconsin Works (W-2) Program that uses community-based organizations (CBOs), as opposed to public agencies for its welfare services, to determine if race was declining in significance. It found that race is significant. African Americans' job interviews were shorter than Caucasians. African Americans were required to take pre-employment tests and alcohol and other drug tests more often than Caucasians. Blacks were less likely to be encouraged to go to college than whites, despite higher education levels. The same racial disparities found with public agencies existed with CBOs.
Journal of African American Studies, 2007
An increase in the number of black elected officials and community need did not result in more re... more An increase in the number of black elected officials and community need did not result in more resources for the black community. Instead, there was a decrease in Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funds allocated to the black community in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. African-American council members did not vote as a racial bloc and they supported using CDBG funds to pay for city services instead of neighborhood projects. The biracial political coalition that Blacks counted on to help them was often time divided. The city bureaucracy that controlled CDBG funding used practices that often worked to the disadvantage of black community.
Journal of African American Studies, 2009
This study examines the distribution of federal funds in Milwaukee, Wisconsin between 1988–2008 u... more This study examines the distribution of federal funds in Milwaukee, Wisconsin between 1988–2008 under a new Neighborhood Strategic Planning (NSP) process designed to increase citizen participation and empower neighborhoods residents by giving them an increased role in the distribution of federal urban renewal funds used for the period 1998–2008. It was then compared it to the old Community Development Block
Education and Urban Society, 2013
Journal of Black Studies, 2007