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Power System Engineering by Ram Prasad Pandey
Proceedings of 13th IOE Graduate Conference, 2023
Nepal has seen a surge in the use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in recent years, eradication of Load... more Nepal has seen a surge in the use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in recent years, eradication of Load shedding, ever growing increase in the price of petroleum products, environmental benefits of EV driving their popularity. However, while the number of EVs on the roads has grown rapidly the charging infrastructure has not kept pace with this growth. In a primarily residential city like Kathmandu, EV charging stations are few and far between, and most EV owners charge their vehicles at home. This means that the power required to charge EVs is being delivered by the same transformer that supplies power to the residential area. This can cause problems because the inherent nature of residential load peaks in the evening, and the charging habits of EV owners may exacerbate this peak load and overload the distribution transformer and lead to power outages. To address these issues, a coordinated charging approach is proposed. This approach involves a central controller that receives information on the loading of all individual consumers, including EV owners. The controller then analyzes the network conditions and allocates an optimum charging profile to each EV connected, thereby making the maximum utilization of the existing network without overloading it. The EV penetration can be upto 250% more than in the case of uncoordinated charging. This strategy not only helps to shift peak loads away from the evening peak which can reduce the need for additional infrastructure investment but also charge the EV during the light load condition during the late night which help in Demand Side Management by smoothing the daily load curve.
Micro Hydro Power scheme uses thyristor based Electronic Load Controller (ELC) for speed regulati... more Micro Hydro Power scheme uses thyristor based Electronic Load Controller (ELC) for speed regulation of synchronous generator. ELC mainly controls the ballast load which uses water heater where excess energy is dissipated. The proposed ELC consists of a three phase current controlled Voltage Source Converter (VSC) which is connected in shunt with the system the reference current generation technique utilizes vector controlled approach based on synchronously rotating d-q theory. The DC site of the VSC consists of a battery which thus also acts as a source of real power generation. The VSC is also so developed that it also compensates for load reactive demand. An Electronic Load Controller (ELC) based on STATCOM principle is connected in shunt with the system. Vector control scheme for reference current generation technique of STATCOM is developed. The major objectives in a standalone system are regulation of frequency and voltage. A battery bank is used on the dc side of ELC, thus enabling it for active power control and thus regulating the frequency. This improved ELC also performs other functions such as voltage regulation and reactive power compensation. Besides these simulation model, this project also deals with the hardware fabrication for frequency control of single phase synchronous generator. Arduino programming generates the required switching pulses for the gate of MOSFET respective to change in load. The signal input to the arduino is generated from the sine to square wave convertor after step down the generated voltage. Thus the proposed scheme is seen much superior in its characteristics of frequency and voltage regulation as well as reactive power compensator.
Papers by Ram Prasad Pandey
Generally, AC loads are the inductive loads which are reactive in nature. These loads, thus, dema... more Generally, AC loads are the inductive loads which are reactive in nature. These loads, thus, demand and draw reactive power from the supply source. If these loads draw large lagging current from the source, this will cause excessive voltage drop in the line, which can even cause the voltage collapsing in the line itself if the drop in the line is excessively high. VAR compensation means efficient management of reactive power locally to improve the performance of AC power systems. In this paper, Static VAR Compensator, using TSC (Thyristor Switched Capacitor) and TCR (Thyristor Controlled Reactor), is designed and simulated in MATLAB to maintain the power factor of power system nearly to unity at all times. TSC and TCR are basically shunt connected capacitors and inductor respectively whose switching (of capacitors) and firing angle control (of inductor) operations are carried out using thyristors. The purpose of capacitors is to supply lagging VAR as per the demand by the connected ...
Journal of the Institute of Engineering
Due to intensive use of power converters and other non-linear loads, power quality is degrading. ... more Due to intensive use of power converters and other non-linear loads, power quality is degrading. The presence of harmonics in the power lines result in greater power losses in distribution, interference problems in communication systems. Non linearity reduces the efficiency and power factor of the system. As the power factor reduces, the reactive power demanded from the supply increases which have no any contribution in energy transfer, so compensation is required. For this, shunt passive filter has been developed but it is bulky and frequency dependent and has many drawbacks. In contrast to passive filter, shunt active filter (SAF) has been developed which is smaller and has wide range of applications. In this paper, shunt active filter based on p-q theory is demonstrated for compensating reactive power and current harmonics. Simulation has been done with and without SAF and results are presented and ended with recommendation and conclusion. An effort is made to reduce the THD of t...
Journal of Innovations in Engineering Education
In early days of power engineering, the power system consisting of synchronous generators faced d... more In early days of power engineering, the power system consisting of synchronous generators faced different low frequency oscillation problems and they were solved by different researchers by using suitably AVR and PSS. Later, the electricity industry is turning increasingly to renewable sources of energy to generate electricity. Wind is the fastest growing and the most widely utilized emerging renewable energy technology for power generation at present. With the increasing penetration of wind power in the power system, the impact in power system performance should be fully investigated, particularly for doubly fed induction generation (DFIG) wind turbine since this type of renewable source is gaining prominence in the power system industry. Main purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of wind power integration in the low grid from low frequency oscillation perspective. The benchmarked Two Area System is considered for this analysis using Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT). ...
Proceeding of the Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Informatics
Proceedings of 13th IOE Graduate Conference, 2023
Nepal has seen a surge in the use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in recent years, eradication of Load... more Nepal has seen a surge in the use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in recent years, eradication of Load shedding, ever growing increase in the price of petroleum products, environmental benefits of EV driving their popularity. However, while the number of EVs on the roads has grown rapidly the charging infrastructure has not kept pace with this growth. In a primarily residential city like Kathmandu, EV charging stations are few and far between, and most EV owners charge their vehicles at home. This means that the power required to charge EVs is being delivered by the same transformer that supplies power to the residential area. This can cause problems because the inherent nature of residential load peaks in the evening, and the charging habits of EV owners may exacerbate this peak load and overload the distribution transformer and lead to power outages. To address these issues, a coordinated charging approach is proposed. This approach involves a central controller that receives information on the loading of all individual consumers, including EV owners. The controller then analyzes the network conditions and allocates an optimum charging profile to each EV connected, thereby making the maximum utilization of the existing network without overloading it. The EV penetration can be upto 250% more than in the case of uncoordinated charging. This strategy not only helps to shift peak loads away from the evening peak which can reduce the need for additional infrastructure investment but also charge the EV during the light load condition during the late night which help in Demand Side Management by smoothing the daily load curve.
Micro Hydro Power scheme uses thyristor based Electronic Load Controller (ELC) for speed regulati... more Micro Hydro Power scheme uses thyristor based Electronic Load Controller (ELC) for speed regulation of synchronous generator. ELC mainly controls the ballast load which uses water heater where excess energy is dissipated. The proposed ELC consists of a three phase current controlled Voltage Source Converter (VSC) which is connected in shunt with the system the reference current generation technique utilizes vector controlled approach based on synchronously rotating d-q theory. The DC site of the VSC consists of a battery which thus also acts as a source of real power generation. The VSC is also so developed that it also compensates for load reactive demand. An Electronic Load Controller (ELC) based on STATCOM principle is connected in shunt with the system. Vector control scheme for reference current generation technique of STATCOM is developed. The major objectives in a standalone system are regulation of frequency and voltage. A battery bank is used on the dc side of ELC, thus enabling it for active power control and thus regulating the frequency. This improved ELC also performs other functions such as voltage regulation and reactive power compensation. Besides these simulation model, this project also deals with the hardware fabrication for frequency control of single phase synchronous generator. Arduino programming generates the required switching pulses for the gate of MOSFET respective to change in load. The signal input to the arduino is generated from the sine to square wave convertor after step down the generated voltage. Thus the proposed scheme is seen much superior in its characteristics of frequency and voltage regulation as well as reactive power compensator.
Generally, AC loads are the inductive loads which are reactive in nature. These loads, thus, dema... more Generally, AC loads are the inductive loads which are reactive in nature. These loads, thus, demand and draw reactive power from the supply source. If these loads draw large lagging current from the source, this will cause excessive voltage drop in the line, which can even cause the voltage collapsing in the line itself if the drop in the line is excessively high. VAR compensation means efficient management of reactive power locally to improve the performance of AC power systems. In this paper, Static VAR Compensator, using TSC (Thyristor Switched Capacitor) and TCR (Thyristor Controlled Reactor), is designed and simulated in MATLAB to maintain the power factor of power system nearly to unity at all times. TSC and TCR are basically shunt connected capacitors and inductor respectively whose switching (of capacitors) and firing angle control (of inductor) operations are carried out using thyristors. The purpose of capacitors is to supply lagging VAR as per the demand by the connected ...
Journal of the Institute of Engineering
Due to intensive use of power converters and other non-linear loads, power quality is degrading. ... more Due to intensive use of power converters and other non-linear loads, power quality is degrading. The presence of harmonics in the power lines result in greater power losses in distribution, interference problems in communication systems. Non linearity reduces the efficiency and power factor of the system. As the power factor reduces, the reactive power demanded from the supply increases which have no any contribution in energy transfer, so compensation is required. For this, shunt passive filter has been developed but it is bulky and frequency dependent and has many drawbacks. In contrast to passive filter, shunt active filter (SAF) has been developed which is smaller and has wide range of applications. In this paper, shunt active filter based on p-q theory is demonstrated for compensating reactive power and current harmonics. Simulation has been done with and without SAF and results are presented and ended with recommendation and conclusion. An effort is made to reduce the THD of t...
Journal of Innovations in Engineering Education
In early days of power engineering, the power system consisting of synchronous generators faced d... more In early days of power engineering, the power system consisting of synchronous generators faced different low frequency oscillation problems and they were solved by different researchers by using suitably AVR and PSS. Later, the electricity industry is turning increasingly to renewable sources of energy to generate electricity. Wind is the fastest growing and the most widely utilized emerging renewable energy technology for power generation at present. With the increasing penetration of wind power in the power system, the impact in power system performance should be fully investigated, particularly for doubly fed induction generation (DFIG) wind turbine since this type of renewable source is gaining prominence in the power system industry. Main purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of wind power integration in the low grid from low frequency oscillation perspective. The benchmarked Two Area System is considered for this analysis using Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT). ...
Proceeding of the Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Informatics