Paul Moundipa | University of Yaounde I (original) (raw)

Papers by Paul Moundipa

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 2013

For the first time in Cameroon, this paper reports on multiple mycotoxins occurrences in poultry ... more For the first time in Cameroon, this paper reports on multiple mycotoxins occurrences in poultry feeds. Twenty feed samples collected from different poultry farms were analyzed for 320 fungal metabolites by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed feeds contamination by 68 metabolites including 18 mycotoxins/metabolites currently regulated in the European Union such as fumonisins B1 (FB1), B2, and B3; deoxynevalenol (DON); and beta-zearalenol recovered in all samples. FB1 reported highest FB mean level of 468 (range 16-1930) microg kg(-1). Levels of DON and ZEN were mostly concentrated in feeds from western-highlands conversely for FBs and aflatoxins concentrations in Yaounde. Aflatoxin B1 mean level of 40 microg kg(-1) exceeded the worldwide permitted limit for aflatoxins in feed and generally inversely proportional to weight gain in chicken.

The American journal of Chinese medicine, 2014

Entada africana (Ea) is a medicinal plant from the family of Fabaceae, used in Western and Centra... more Entada africana (Ea) is a medicinal plant from the family of Fabaceae, used in Western and Central Africa regions to treat liver diseases. Antiviral properties of this plant were reported against Hepatitis B virus, while effects against Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remained unknown. This study reports for the first time, the effects of Ea crude extract and fractions on HCV replication. Furthermore, the effect of one Ea fraction on the transcriptional expression of two interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) was also investigated. A methylene chloride-methanol (MCM) stem bark crude extract and different MCM fractions (EaF0, EaF5, EaF10, EaF25, and EaF100) were prepared and tested on LucUbiNeo-ET and Huh 5.15 cells lines used as genotype 1b (GT1b) replicon systems. The cells were incubated with crude extract and fractions at various concentrations. Then, the antiviral activity was assessed by luciferase reporter assay and the cell viability by MTT assay. Gene expression was also analyzed using ...

African Journal of Microbiology Research, Sep 3, 2014

To investigate the in vitro susceptibility of ertapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (ENSE)... more To investigate the in vitro susceptibility of ertapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (ENSE) isolates to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime and aztreonam. Clinical isolates of ENSE tested in this study were obtained from 10 major teaching hospitals in Taiwan during the period January 2008 to October 2010. MICs of ertapenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime and aztreonam were determined by the agar dilution method and were interpreted based on 2011 MIC interpretive criteria recommended by the CLSI and EUCAST. A total of 412 non-duplicate ENSE isolates (with ertapenem MIC values ≥ 0.5 mg/L) were tested. These comprised 72 isolates of Escherichia coli [28 (38.9%) were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates], 167 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae [74 (44.3%) were ESBL-producing isolates], 115 isolates of Enterobacter cloacae, 13 isolates of Enterobacter aerogenes, 20 isolates of Citrobacter freundii and 25 isolates of Serratia marcescens. According to 2011 CLSI (EUCAST) MIC interpretive breakpoints for Enterobacteriaceae, 64% (31%) of all ENSE isolates, 45.8% (16.7%) of E. coli isolates, 53% (29.3%) of K. pneumoniae isolates and 86.1% (35.7%) of E. cloacae isolates were susceptible to cefepime. As for ESBL-producing ENSE isolates, 25% and 14.3% of E. coli isolates and 36.5% and 10.8% of K. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to cefepime based on CLSI and EUCAST criteria, respectively. Cefepime exerts in vitro antimicrobial activity against a significant portion of clinical isolates of ENSE, although there are discrepancies between results obtained using the CLSI-2011 and EUCAST-2011 guidelines.

Journal of Food Engineering, 1999

R esum e La conservation de deux types ou vari et es piments (Capsicum annuum L.) dans une saumur... more R esum e La conservation de deux types ou vari et es piments (Capsicum annuum L.) dans une saumure acide a pH 2,71 a et e eectu ee. Quelques constituants chimiques au cours des essais sont mesur es.

Planta Medica, Feb 1, 2011

The chemical investigation of the twigs of Morus mesozygia resulted in the isolation of three new... more The chemical investigation of the twigs of Morus mesozygia resulted in the isolation of three new prenylated 2-arylbenzofurans, named moracin KM, LM, and SC (1-3), nine known 2-arylbenzofurans (4-12), and two known flavonoids (13-14). The structures of the new compounds were established as [2'',3'':6,7]-(6-(S)-hydroxymethyl-6-methylpyrano)-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)benzofuran-5-ol (1), [2'',3'':6,7]-(4,7-dihydro-6-methyloxepine)-2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)benzofuran-5-ol (2), and [2'',3'':6,7]-(6,6-dimethylpyrano)-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)benzofuran (3). One of the new compounds, moracin LM (2), displayed modest antioxidant activity, whereas known compounds 4, 13, and 14 showed significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities.

British Journal of Nutrition, 1991

Wistar albino female rats were maintained for 10 d on diets containing various levels of the vege... more Wistar albino female rats were maintained for 10 d on diets containing various levels of the vegetable Solanum nigrum. Simultaneously, they received daily intraperitoneal injections of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (either 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg body-weight) diluted in propylene glycol. At the end of the experiment, all animals were killed and their serum and hepatic microsomes were prepared for assay of enzymes. Results showed that aminopyrine N-demethylase activity increased 2.5-fold with 200 (S200) and 600 (S600) g S. nigrum/kg diets. Activity of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT) (EC 2.4.1.17) also increased twofold. Similar results were obtained with glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) activity which increased by 60% with diet S600. After AFB1 treatment, a general increase in the activities of the above enzymes was found, except for UDPGT in the group fed on diet S600. When rats were fed on the diet without S. nigrum, AFB1 induced an increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (EC 3.1.3.1), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (EC 2.6.1.1) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) (EC 2.3.2.2) levels in the serum. AFB1 also induced increases in serum ALP and gamma-GT levels when rats were fed on diet S600.

Fifty five medicinal plants belonging to different families selected on the basis of their tradit... more Fifty five medicinal plants belonging to different families selected on the basis of their traditional use against jaundice and various liver disorders were tested for their amoebicidal activities. They were extracted and tested for their antiamoebic activity in vitro using polyxenic culture of Entamoebic histolytica. As the result, 14 exhibited an antiamoebic activity at a dose of 100µg/ml from the second to the fourth day of incubation. The 14 extracts selected extracts were additionnaly tested for 6 days at 10, 100 and 500µg/ml of concentration, and only the leaves extract of Codiaeum variegatum exhibited a clear antiamoebic activity (EC 50 =10,74 the second day), and had a more pronounced activity than metronidazole the reference product.

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research

The vitamin A and E status was evaluated in 279 volunteer subjects, 3 to 75 years old (131 males ... more The vitamin A and E status was evaluated in 279 volunteer subjects, 3 to 75 years old (131 males and 148 females) from 8 villages in the north of Cameroon by fluorimetric methods. The results obtained showed that: the mean serum vitamin A level was 16.6 +/- 0.7 microgram % (ranging from 2.1 to 69.3 micrograms %) and vitamin E, 499.9 +/- 19.3 micrograms % (ranging from 222.7 to 1893.1 micrograms %); the percentage deficiency of vitamin A among the subjects was 71.7% and that of vitamin E was 66% (vitamin A levels < 20 micrograms/100 ml) vitamin E levels < 500 micrograms/100 ml; children of ages ranging from 3 to 15 years, constituted about 50% of the subjects and were significantly deficient in vitamin A (P < 0.001). Significant correlation was observed between the serum levels of vitamin A and E (P < 0.001). The results from this study revealed that vitamin A and E deficiencies vary from one village to another and constitute one of the major public health problems in the area.

Cell stress & chaperones, Jan 14, 2015

The in vitro antioxidant properties, cytoprotective activity, and ability to induce nuclear trans... more The in vitro antioxidant properties, cytoprotective activity, and ability to induce nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) of five solvent fractions of the methylene chloride/methanol (1:1 v/v) extract of Khaya grandifoliola (Meliaceae) and Entada africana (Fabaceae) were evaluated. Five antioxidant endpoints were used in the antioxidant activity investigation. The total phenolic content of the fractions was assessed as to the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the profile of interesting fractions analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The cytoprotective activity of fractions was determined by H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HC-04 cells by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage into culture medium. HC-04 cells were used to investigate the ability to induce nuclear translocation of Nrf2. For both plants, the methylene chloride/methanol (90/10; v/v) fraction (F10), methylene chloride/methanol (75/25; v/v) (F25), and the methanolic fract...

This work aimed at evaluating the in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects of the CH 2 ... more This work aimed at evaluating the in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects of the CH 2 Cl 2 /CH 3 OH (1:1v/v) stem bark extract of K. grandifoliola at doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg for 14 days of treatment using rats CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity model. The hepatoprotective effect of the plant extract was evaluated by assessing its activity on some biochemical makers of the liver alteration namely alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total protein in serum and oxidative stress parameters as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase (GR) in liver. The liver injury was assessed by histological analysis. As results, the plant extract exhibited hepatoprotection activity as silymarine at the dose of 100mg/kg of body weight (bw). This observation was further confirmed histologically. This study shows that K. grandifoliola extract could be useful in the protection of the liver from toxin-induced damage.

International Journal of Biological Chemistry

To better understand the epidemiology of sleeping sickness in two Human African Trypanosomiasis (... more To better understand the epidemiology of sleeping sickness in two Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) sub foci (central and northern sub foci) of the Fontem focus where diversity in the prevalence of Trypanosoma bucei gambiense was reported in domestic animals and man, 397 domestic animals were sampled in eight villages. Parasitological tests revealed trypanosomes in 86 (21.60%) animals. The CATT test was positive in 254 (64%) animals with the lowest value in dogs. The PCR test revealed T. b. gambiense in 11.55% of pigs, 3.45% of goats and 15.38% of sheep. The T. b. gambiense infection rates were not significantly different between the two sub foci. However, T. b. gambiense was found in animals from all villages of the Northern sub focus while only animals from Menji and Nsoko (Central sub focus) revealed this infection. The detection of T. b. gambiense in animals of the central sub focus was in line with results of medical surveys where HAT patients were detected in the same villag...

The progressive increase in industrial and urban activities has led to extensive environmental po... more The progressive increase in industrial and urban activities has led to extensive environmental pollution in the world. Heavy metals contamination is a great concern at global, regional and local level, and influence the well being of living organisms, including humans. Heavy metals induce impairment of the male reproductive function, and may be one of the justifications of the decrease of male fertility, as evidenced by continuous decrease in sperm counts among men. This paper reviewed data on environmental exposure to heavy metals and their effects on male reproductive health, with emphasis on their endocrine-disrupting effect, and sperm function. Heavy metals disrupt the endocrine regulatory mechanisms the hypothalamus-pituitary-gondal axis, induce atrophy of reproductive organs, and alter spermatogenesis and sperm function. Occurrence of these defects among humans is facilitated by higher exposure levels to heavy metals, despite definition of regulatory rules. There is thus a nee...

Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine, 2014

Objectives: Medicinal plants are of great value in the field of treatment and cure of diseases, b... more Objectives: Medicinal plants are of great value in the field of treatment and cure of diseases, beside their strategic value in drug supply. This study has investigated the effects of Rauvolfia vomitoria bark extract on reproductive functions of male rats. Methods: Thirty adult male rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups and orally treated with vehicle, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight per day of Rauvolfia vomitoria aqueous extract for 21 days. At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed. Hormone and biochemical analysis were done. Testis and accessory organs were removed and weighed. Sperm count, transit and motility were also evaluated. Results: After 21 days of treatment, body weight was slightly reduced dose-dependently. The relative weight of testis significantly increased at high doses (100 and 200 mg/kg), while the relative weight of the prostate and seminal vesicles also significantly increased in all treated animals. The daily sperm production at high doses as well as the sperm count in epididymis and vas deferens at low doses (25 and 50 mg/kg), showed a significant difference between experimental groups and control group. The sperm motility and transit was significantly higher at low doses when compared to control. Testicular and epididymal protein significantly increased at low doses, while the testicular cholesterol significantly increased at all doses when compared to control. The highest effect on testosterone level was observed at the dose of 200 mg/kg of Rauvolfia vomitoria. Conclusion: These results indicate that treatment with the aqueous extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria could improve the fertility of male rats.

The American journal of Chinese medicine, 2014

Entada africana (Ea) is a medicinal plant from the family of Fabaceae, used in Western and Centra... more Entada africana (Ea) is a medicinal plant from the family of Fabaceae, used in Western and Central Africa regions to treat liver diseases. Antiviral properties of this plant were reported against Hepatitis B virus, while effects against Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remained unknown. This study reports for the first time, the effects of Ea crude extract and fractions on HCV replication. Furthermore, the effect of one Ea fraction on the transcriptional expression of two interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) was also investigated. A methylene chloride-methanol (MCM) stem bark crude extract and different MCM fractions (EaF0, EaF5, EaF10, EaF25, and EaF100) were prepared and tested on LucUbiNeo-ET and Huh 5.15 cells lines used as genotype 1b (GT1b) replicon systems. The cells were incubated with crude extract and fractions at various concentrations. Then, the antiviral activity was assessed by luciferase reporter assay and the cell viability by MTT assay. Gene expression was also analyzed using ...


Research Journal of Microbiology, 2008

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 2013

For the first time in Cameroon, this paper reports on multiple mycotoxins occurrences in poultry ... more For the first time in Cameroon, this paper reports on multiple mycotoxins occurrences in poultry feeds. Twenty feed samples collected from different poultry farms were analyzed for 320 fungal metabolites by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed feeds contamination by 68 metabolites including 18 mycotoxins/metabolites currently regulated in the European Union such as fumonisins B1 (FB1), B2, and B3; deoxynevalenol (DON); and beta-zearalenol recovered in all samples. FB1 reported highest FB mean level of 468 (range 16-1930) microg kg(-1). Levels of DON and ZEN were mostly concentrated in feeds from western-highlands conversely for FBs and aflatoxins concentrations in Yaounde. Aflatoxin B1 mean level of 40 microg kg(-1) exceeded the worldwide permitted limit for aflatoxins in feed and generally inversely proportional to weight gain in chicken.

The American journal of Chinese medicine, 2014

Entada africana (Ea) is a medicinal plant from the family of Fabaceae, used in Western and Centra... more Entada africana (Ea) is a medicinal plant from the family of Fabaceae, used in Western and Central Africa regions to treat liver diseases. Antiviral properties of this plant were reported against Hepatitis B virus, while effects against Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remained unknown. This study reports for the first time, the effects of Ea crude extract and fractions on HCV replication. Furthermore, the effect of one Ea fraction on the transcriptional expression of two interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) was also investigated. A methylene chloride-methanol (MCM) stem bark crude extract and different MCM fractions (EaF0, EaF5, EaF10, EaF25, and EaF100) were prepared and tested on LucUbiNeo-ET and Huh 5.15 cells lines used as genotype 1b (GT1b) replicon systems. The cells were incubated with crude extract and fractions at various concentrations. Then, the antiviral activity was assessed by luciferase reporter assay and the cell viability by MTT assay. Gene expression was also analyzed using ...

African Journal of Microbiology Research, Sep 3, 2014

To investigate the in vitro susceptibility of ertapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (ENSE)... more To investigate the in vitro susceptibility of ertapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (ENSE) isolates to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime and aztreonam. Clinical isolates of ENSE tested in this study were obtained from 10 major teaching hospitals in Taiwan during the period January 2008 to October 2010. MICs of ertapenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime and aztreonam were determined by the agar dilution method and were interpreted based on 2011 MIC interpretive criteria recommended by the CLSI and EUCAST. A total of 412 non-duplicate ENSE isolates (with ertapenem MIC values ≥ 0.5 mg/L) were tested. These comprised 72 isolates of Escherichia coli [28 (38.9%) were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates], 167 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae [74 (44.3%) were ESBL-producing isolates], 115 isolates of Enterobacter cloacae, 13 isolates of Enterobacter aerogenes, 20 isolates of Citrobacter freundii and 25 isolates of Serratia marcescens. According to 2011 CLSI (EUCAST) MIC interpretive breakpoints for Enterobacteriaceae, 64% (31%) of all ENSE isolates, 45.8% (16.7%) of E. coli isolates, 53% (29.3%) of K. pneumoniae isolates and 86.1% (35.7%) of E. cloacae isolates were susceptible to cefepime. As for ESBL-producing ENSE isolates, 25% and 14.3% of E. coli isolates and 36.5% and 10.8% of K. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to cefepime based on CLSI and EUCAST criteria, respectively. Cefepime exerts in vitro antimicrobial activity against a significant portion of clinical isolates of ENSE, although there are discrepancies between results obtained using the CLSI-2011 and EUCAST-2011 guidelines.

Journal of Food Engineering, 1999

R esum e La conservation de deux types ou vari et es piments (Capsicum annuum L.) dans une saumur... more R esum e La conservation de deux types ou vari et es piments (Capsicum annuum L.) dans une saumure acide a pH 2,71 a et e eectu ee. Quelques constituants chimiques au cours des essais sont mesur es.

Planta Medica, Feb 1, 2011

The chemical investigation of the twigs of Morus mesozygia resulted in the isolation of three new... more The chemical investigation of the twigs of Morus mesozygia resulted in the isolation of three new prenylated 2-arylbenzofurans, named moracin KM, LM, and SC (1-3), nine known 2-arylbenzofurans (4-12), and two known flavonoids (13-14). The structures of the new compounds were established as [2'',3'':6,7]-(6-(S)-hydroxymethyl-6-methylpyrano)-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)benzofuran-5-ol (1), [2'',3'':6,7]-(4,7-dihydro-6-methyloxepine)-2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)benzofuran-5-ol (2), and [2'',3'':6,7]-(6,6-dimethylpyrano)-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)benzofuran (3). One of the new compounds, moracin LM (2), displayed modest antioxidant activity, whereas known compounds 4, 13, and 14 showed significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities.

British Journal of Nutrition, 1991

Wistar albino female rats were maintained for 10 d on diets containing various levels of the vege... more Wistar albino female rats were maintained for 10 d on diets containing various levels of the vegetable Solanum nigrum. Simultaneously, they received daily intraperitoneal injections of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (either 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg body-weight) diluted in propylene glycol. At the end of the experiment, all animals were killed and their serum and hepatic microsomes were prepared for assay of enzymes. Results showed that aminopyrine N-demethylase activity increased 2.5-fold with 200 (S200) and 600 (S600) g S. nigrum/kg diets. Activity of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT) (EC 2.4.1.17) also increased twofold. Similar results were obtained with glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) activity which increased by 60% with diet S600. After AFB1 treatment, a general increase in the activities of the above enzymes was found, except for UDPGT in the group fed on diet S600. When rats were fed on the diet without S. nigrum, AFB1 induced an increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (EC 3.1.3.1), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (EC 2.6.1.1) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) (EC 2.3.2.2) levels in the serum. AFB1 also induced increases in serum ALP and gamma-GT levels when rats were fed on diet S600.

Fifty five medicinal plants belonging to different families selected on the basis of their tradit... more Fifty five medicinal plants belonging to different families selected on the basis of their traditional use against jaundice and various liver disorders were tested for their amoebicidal activities. They were extracted and tested for their antiamoebic activity in vitro using polyxenic culture of Entamoebic histolytica. As the result, 14 exhibited an antiamoebic activity at a dose of 100µg/ml from the second to the fourth day of incubation. The 14 extracts selected extracts were additionnaly tested for 6 days at 10, 100 and 500µg/ml of concentration, and only the leaves extract of Codiaeum variegatum exhibited a clear antiamoebic activity (EC 50 =10,74 the second day), and had a more pronounced activity than metronidazole the reference product.

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research

The vitamin A and E status was evaluated in 279 volunteer subjects, 3 to 75 years old (131 males ... more The vitamin A and E status was evaluated in 279 volunteer subjects, 3 to 75 years old (131 males and 148 females) from 8 villages in the north of Cameroon by fluorimetric methods. The results obtained showed that: the mean serum vitamin A level was 16.6 +/- 0.7 microgram % (ranging from 2.1 to 69.3 micrograms %) and vitamin E, 499.9 +/- 19.3 micrograms % (ranging from 222.7 to 1893.1 micrograms %); the percentage deficiency of vitamin A among the subjects was 71.7% and that of vitamin E was 66% (vitamin A levels < 20 micrograms/100 ml) vitamin E levels < 500 micrograms/100 ml; children of ages ranging from 3 to 15 years, constituted about 50% of the subjects and were significantly deficient in vitamin A (P < 0.001). Significant correlation was observed between the serum levels of vitamin A and E (P < 0.001). The results from this study revealed that vitamin A and E deficiencies vary from one village to another and constitute one of the major public health problems in the area.

Cell stress & chaperones, Jan 14, 2015

The in vitro antioxidant properties, cytoprotective activity, and ability to induce nuclear trans... more The in vitro antioxidant properties, cytoprotective activity, and ability to induce nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) of five solvent fractions of the methylene chloride/methanol (1:1 v/v) extract of Khaya grandifoliola (Meliaceae) and Entada africana (Fabaceae) were evaluated. Five antioxidant endpoints were used in the antioxidant activity investigation. The total phenolic content of the fractions was assessed as to the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the profile of interesting fractions analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The cytoprotective activity of fractions was determined by H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HC-04 cells by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage into culture medium. HC-04 cells were used to investigate the ability to induce nuclear translocation of Nrf2. For both plants, the methylene chloride/methanol (90/10; v/v) fraction (F10), methylene chloride/methanol (75/25; v/v) (F25), and the methanolic fract...

This work aimed at evaluating the in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects of the CH 2 ... more This work aimed at evaluating the in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects of the CH 2 Cl 2 /CH 3 OH (1:1v/v) stem bark extract of K. grandifoliola at doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg for 14 days of treatment using rats CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity model. The hepatoprotective effect of the plant extract was evaluated by assessing its activity on some biochemical makers of the liver alteration namely alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total protein in serum and oxidative stress parameters as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase (GR) in liver. The liver injury was assessed by histological analysis. As results, the plant extract exhibited hepatoprotection activity as silymarine at the dose of 100mg/kg of body weight (bw). This observation was further confirmed histologically. This study shows that K. grandifoliola extract could be useful in the protection of the liver from toxin-induced damage.

International Journal of Biological Chemistry

To better understand the epidemiology of sleeping sickness in two Human African Trypanosomiasis (... more To better understand the epidemiology of sleeping sickness in two Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) sub foci (central and northern sub foci) of the Fontem focus where diversity in the prevalence of Trypanosoma bucei gambiense was reported in domestic animals and man, 397 domestic animals were sampled in eight villages. Parasitological tests revealed trypanosomes in 86 (21.60%) animals. The CATT test was positive in 254 (64%) animals with the lowest value in dogs. The PCR test revealed T. b. gambiense in 11.55% of pigs, 3.45% of goats and 15.38% of sheep. The T. b. gambiense infection rates were not significantly different between the two sub foci. However, T. b. gambiense was found in animals from all villages of the Northern sub focus while only animals from Menji and Nsoko (Central sub focus) revealed this infection. The detection of T. b. gambiense in animals of the central sub focus was in line with results of medical surveys where HAT patients were detected in the same villag...

The progressive increase in industrial and urban activities has led to extensive environmental po... more The progressive increase in industrial and urban activities has led to extensive environmental pollution in the world. Heavy metals contamination is a great concern at global, regional and local level, and influence the well being of living organisms, including humans. Heavy metals induce impairment of the male reproductive function, and may be one of the justifications of the decrease of male fertility, as evidenced by continuous decrease in sperm counts among men. This paper reviewed data on environmental exposure to heavy metals and their effects on male reproductive health, with emphasis on their endocrine-disrupting effect, and sperm function. Heavy metals disrupt the endocrine regulatory mechanisms the hypothalamus-pituitary-gondal axis, induce atrophy of reproductive organs, and alter spermatogenesis and sperm function. Occurrence of these defects among humans is facilitated by higher exposure levels to heavy metals, despite definition of regulatory rules. There is thus a nee...

Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine, 2014

Objectives: Medicinal plants are of great value in the field of treatment and cure of diseases, b... more Objectives: Medicinal plants are of great value in the field of treatment and cure of diseases, beside their strategic value in drug supply. This study has investigated the effects of Rauvolfia vomitoria bark extract on reproductive functions of male rats. Methods: Thirty adult male rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups and orally treated with vehicle, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight per day of Rauvolfia vomitoria aqueous extract for 21 days. At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed. Hormone and biochemical analysis were done. Testis and accessory organs were removed and weighed. Sperm count, transit and motility were also evaluated. Results: After 21 days of treatment, body weight was slightly reduced dose-dependently. The relative weight of testis significantly increased at high doses (100 and 200 mg/kg), while the relative weight of the prostate and seminal vesicles also significantly increased in all treated animals. The daily sperm production at high doses as well as the sperm count in epididymis and vas deferens at low doses (25 and 50 mg/kg), showed a significant difference between experimental groups and control group. The sperm motility and transit was significantly higher at low doses when compared to control. Testicular and epididymal protein significantly increased at low doses, while the testicular cholesterol significantly increased at all doses when compared to control. The highest effect on testosterone level was observed at the dose of 200 mg/kg of Rauvolfia vomitoria. Conclusion: These results indicate that treatment with the aqueous extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria could improve the fertility of male rats.

The American journal of Chinese medicine, 2014

Entada africana (Ea) is a medicinal plant from the family of Fabaceae, used in Western and Centra... more Entada africana (Ea) is a medicinal plant from the family of Fabaceae, used in Western and Central Africa regions to treat liver diseases. Antiviral properties of this plant were reported against Hepatitis B virus, while effects against Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remained unknown. This study reports for the first time, the effects of Ea crude extract and fractions on HCV replication. Furthermore, the effect of one Ea fraction on the transcriptional expression of two interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) was also investigated. A methylene chloride-methanol (MCM) stem bark crude extract and different MCM fractions (EaF0, EaF5, EaF10, EaF25, and EaF100) were prepared and tested on LucUbiNeo-ET and Huh 5.15 cells lines used as genotype 1b (GT1b) replicon systems. The cells were incubated with crude extract and fractions at various concentrations. Then, the antiviral activity was assessed by luciferase reporter assay and the cell viability by MTT assay. Gene expression was also analyzed using ...


Research Journal of Microbiology, 2008