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Papers by Makhapa Makhafola

Research paper thumbnail of An investigation into the cytotoxic, antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of selected medicinal plants used in South African traditional medicine / By Mmamudi Anna Makhafola

Research paper thumbnail of Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants used in South African Traditional Medicine

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Sep 28, 2019

Infectious diseases are a threat to the lives of many people worldwide [1]. Most infectious disea... more Infectious diseases are a threat to the lives of many people worldwide [1]. Most infectious diseases in human beings are caused by bacterial agents such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris [2] and many other microorganisms like fungi and viruses [3]. Phytochemicals also known as secondary plant metabolites in some plants possess antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory properties and other pharmacological activities. Such properties from plants have been recognised and used in the practice of traditional medicine to treat, heal and cure various diseases [4]. The plants under investigations are commonly used in South African traditional medicine as infusions, decoctions and tonics for treating diseases such as fever, colds, inflammation of the nasal passage, cancer and others. There is an assumption that these plants are effective and relatively safe for human consumption, because of their long history as curatives in traditional medicine. Despite the reputedly remedial benefits of such medicinal plants, a more rigorous evaluation may thus reveal the presence of toxic constituents harmful to the human body when

Research paper thumbnail of An investigation into the cytotoxic, antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of selected medicinal plants used in South African traditional medicine

Research paper thumbnail of Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in foodstuffs by flow injection analysis

Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Sep 1, 1996

A simple method for the determination of nitrite in foodstuffs by flow injection analysis is desc... more A simple method for the determination of nitrite in foodstuffs by flow injection analysis is described. Nitrite samples are prepared in a microwave oven, treated with a 1 mol/l NH4C1 solution at a pH of 9 (all under nitrogen atmosphere) and are immediately analysed. Nitrite is diazotised in the FIA system with N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediammonium dichloride to form the highly coloured azo dye, which is measured at 540 nm. The detection limit is 0.036 mg/kg for sample injections of 400 µl. The sampling rate is about 50 samples per hour and the relative standard deviation is 0.67%.

Research paper thumbnail of Overview of Mintek’s research and development

Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques, Sep 29, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Is there a need for an intellectual property (IP) policy in South Africa

Pharmaceutical regulatory affairs, Sep 30, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Measurement of research and development at Mintek

Journal of analytical & bioanalytical techniques, Sep 8, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of The assessment of the exposure levels to mycotoxins among dairy cattle in the two South African provinces using HPLC (ESI)-MS/MSn

Journal of Chromatography & Separation Techniques, Jun 30, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Management of IP in a multi - collaborative framework: DST/Mintek nanotechnology innovation centre as a case study

Pharmaceutical regulatory affairs, Dec 3, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Treatment and reuse of mine impacted water

Archives in chemical research, Jun 27, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Cynoprobe online, in process cyanide analyzer

Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques, Oct 17, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of A charge-polarized porous metal–organic framework for gas chromatographic separation of alcohols from water

Chemical Communications, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Estimation of selected nitrogen compounds, nickel and phosphates in foodstuffs by continuous flow systems

Research paper thumbnail of The assessment of the exposure levels to mycotoxins among dairy cattle in the two South African provinces using HPLC (ESI)-MS/MSn

Research paper thumbnail of Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques Overview of Mintek's research and development

Research paper thumbnail of Kinetic Study of the Decomposition of Nitrite to Nitrate in Acid Samples Using Raman Spectroscopy

Applied Spectroscopy, Jul 31, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of Estimation of selected nitrogen compounds, nickel and phosphates in foodstuffs by continuous flow systems

Research paper thumbnail of Bienzymatic Amperometric Sensor for Protein Assay in Milk

Prep Biochem Biotechnol, 2002

A new bienzymatic amperometric sensor is proposed for the assay of the protein content of milk. T... more A new bienzymatic amperometric sensor is proposed for the assay of the protein content of milk. The sensor is based on two enzymes: carboxypeptidase A and L-amino acid oxidase. The response characteristics obtained for this sensor (detection limit of 1.5 micromol/L, linear concentration range between 1.8 and 2.8 micromol/L), as well as high selectivity over possible interferences from milk, made it applicable as a detector in flow injection analysis (FIA). The response characteristics obtained in the non-equilibrium conditions (FIA system) are: detection limit of 1.5 micromol/L and linear concentration range between 2 and 3.5 micromol/L. Without FIA, the average recovery of proteins from milk and milk products is 99.06 +/- 0.07% and, by utilization of FIA, it increased to 99.73 +/- 0.03. The sensor proved a good reliability for the assay of proteins in milk and milk products.

Research paper thumbnail of Bienzymatic Amperometric Sensor for Protein Assay in Milk

Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2002

A new bienzymatic amperometric sensor is proposed for the assay of the protein content of milk. T... more A new bienzymatic amperometric sensor is proposed for the assay of the protein content of milk. The sensor is based on two enzymes: carboxypeptidase A and L-amino acid oxidase. The response characteristics obtained for this sensor (detection limit of 1.5 micromol/L, linear concentration range between 1.8 and 2.8 micromol/L), as well as high selectivity over possible interferences from milk, made it applicable as a detector in flow injection analysis (FIA). The response characteristics obtained in the non-equilibrium conditions (FIA system) are: detection limit of 1.5 micromol/L and linear concentration range between 2 and 3.5 micromol/L. Without FIA, the average recovery of proteins from milk and milk products is 99.06 +/- 0.07% and, by utilization of FIA, it increased to 99.73 +/- 0.03. The sensor proved a good reliability for the assay of proteins in milk and milk products.

Research paper thumbnail of Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite with 4-iodo-N,N-dimethylaniline

Analytica Chimica Acta, 1995

Research paper thumbnail of An investigation into the cytotoxic, antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of selected medicinal plants used in South African traditional medicine / By Mmamudi Anna Makhafola

Research paper thumbnail of Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants used in South African Traditional Medicine

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Sep 28, 2019

Infectious diseases are a threat to the lives of many people worldwide [1]. Most infectious disea... more Infectious diseases are a threat to the lives of many people worldwide [1]. Most infectious diseases in human beings are caused by bacterial agents such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris [2] and many other microorganisms like fungi and viruses [3]. Phytochemicals also known as secondary plant metabolites in some plants possess antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory properties and other pharmacological activities. Such properties from plants have been recognised and used in the practice of traditional medicine to treat, heal and cure various diseases [4]. The plants under investigations are commonly used in South African traditional medicine as infusions, decoctions and tonics for treating diseases such as fever, colds, inflammation of the nasal passage, cancer and others. There is an assumption that these plants are effective and relatively safe for human consumption, because of their long history as curatives in traditional medicine. Despite the reputedly remedial benefits of such medicinal plants, a more rigorous evaluation may thus reveal the presence of toxic constituents harmful to the human body when

Research paper thumbnail of An investigation into the cytotoxic, antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of selected medicinal plants used in South African traditional medicine

Research paper thumbnail of Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in foodstuffs by flow injection analysis

Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Sep 1, 1996

A simple method for the determination of nitrite in foodstuffs by flow injection analysis is desc... more A simple method for the determination of nitrite in foodstuffs by flow injection analysis is described. Nitrite samples are prepared in a microwave oven, treated with a 1 mol/l NH4C1 solution at a pH of 9 (all under nitrogen atmosphere) and are immediately analysed. Nitrite is diazotised in the FIA system with N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediammonium dichloride to form the highly coloured azo dye, which is measured at 540 nm. The detection limit is 0.036 mg/kg for sample injections of 400 µl. The sampling rate is about 50 samples per hour and the relative standard deviation is 0.67%.

Research paper thumbnail of Overview of Mintek’s research and development

Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques, Sep 29, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Is there a need for an intellectual property (IP) policy in South Africa

Pharmaceutical regulatory affairs, Sep 30, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Measurement of research and development at Mintek

Journal of analytical & bioanalytical techniques, Sep 8, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of The assessment of the exposure levels to mycotoxins among dairy cattle in the two South African provinces using HPLC (ESI)-MS/MSn

Journal of Chromatography & Separation Techniques, Jun 30, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Management of IP in a multi - collaborative framework: DST/Mintek nanotechnology innovation centre as a case study

Pharmaceutical regulatory affairs, Dec 3, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Treatment and reuse of mine impacted water

Archives in chemical research, Jun 27, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Cynoprobe online, in process cyanide analyzer

Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques, Oct 17, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of A charge-polarized porous metal–organic framework for gas chromatographic separation of alcohols from water

Chemical Communications, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Estimation of selected nitrogen compounds, nickel and phosphates in foodstuffs by continuous flow systems

Research paper thumbnail of The assessment of the exposure levels to mycotoxins among dairy cattle in the two South African provinces using HPLC (ESI)-MS/MSn

Research paper thumbnail of Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques Overview of Mintek's research and development

Research paper thumbnail of Kinetic Study of the Decomposition of Nitrite to Nitrate in Acid Samples Using Raman Spectroscopy

Applied Spectroscopy, Jul 31, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of Estimation of selected nitrogen compounds, nickel and phosphates in foodstuffs by continuous flow systems

Research paper thumbnail of Bienzymatic Amperometric Sensor for Protein Assay in Milk

Prep Biochem Biotechnol, 2002

A new bienzymatic amperometric sensor is proposed for the assay of the protein content of milk. T... more A new bienzymatic amperometric sensor is proposed for the assay of the protein content of milk. The sensor is based on two enzymes: carboxypeptidase A and L-amino acid oxidase. The response characteristics obtained for this sensor (detection limit of 1.5 micromol/L, linear concentration range between 1.8 and 2.8 micromol/L), as well as high selectivity over possible interferences from milk, made it applicable as a detector in flow injection analysis (FIA). The response characteristics obtained in the non-equilibrium conditions (FIA system) are: detection limit of 1.5 micromol/L and linear concentration range between 2 and 3.5 micromol/L. Without FIA, the average recovery of proteins from milk and milk products is 99.06 +/- 0.07% and, by utilization of FIA, it increased to 99.73 +/- 0.03. The sensor proved a good reliability for the assay of proteins in milk and milk products.

Research paper thumbnail of Bienzymatic Amperometric Sensor for Protein Assay in Milk

Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2002

A new bienzymatic amperometric sensor is proposed for the assay of the protein content of milk. T... more A new bienzymatic amperometric sensor is proposed for the assay of the protein content of milk. The sensor is based on two enzymes: carboxypeptidase A and L-amino acid oxidase. The response characteristics obtained for this sensor (detection limit of 1.5 micromol/L, linear concentration range between 1.8 and 2.8 micromol/L), as well as high selectivity over possible interferences from milk, made it applicable as a detector in flow injection analysis (FIA). The response characteristics obtained in the non-equilibrium conditions (FIA system) are: detection limit of 1.5 micromol/L and linear concentration range between 2 and 3.5 micromol/L. Without FIA, the average recovery of proteins from milk and milk products is 99.06 +/- 0.07% and, by utilization of FIA, it increased to 99.73 +/- 0.03. The sensor proved a good reliability for the assay of proteins in milk and milk products.

Research paper thumbnail of Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite with 4-iodo-N,N-dimethylaniline

Analytica Chimica Acta, 1995