Dr J.M.BABU | Vel Tech Dr.Rr & Dr.Sr Technical University (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr J.M.BABU

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of additives to biodiesel and ethanol for enhancement of combustion characteristics and pollution reduction: A review

IWOSP 2021, INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON STATISTICAL PHYSICS

Research paper thumbnail of In ternary blend fuelled diesel engines, nanoparticles are used as an additive in biofuel production and as a fuel additive: A review

Materials Today: Proceedings

Research paper thumbnail of Waste plastic as a source of biofuel for stationary diesel engine: a critical review

International Journal of Ambient Energy

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental evaluation of direct injection diesel engine performance and emissions with acacia biodiesel

International Journal of Ambient Energy

Research paper thumbnail of Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oils

Applied Energy, 2013

Simultaneous injection of n-butanol and gasoline through a new system of two injectors directing ... more Simultaneous injection of n-butanol and gasoline through a new system of two injectors directing the sprays towards the back of the intake valve in a spark-ignition engine was tried in lieu of injecting a blend of these fuels through a single injector. This system avoids the problem of phase separation, which is generally faced during the use of alcohol-gasoline blends. Experiments were conducted on a spark-ignition engine with this dual injection system using a fuel ratio of 1:1 (B50S) on the mass basis. High-speed photographs indicated that the sprays from the injectors did not interfere till they reached the intake valve. Comparisons were made with pre-blended butanol-gasoline (B50) and neat (100%) gasoline at the best spark timing. All injection and spark parameters were controlled using a real time engine controller. Neat n-butanol (B100) was superior only near full throttle with improved efficiency of the engine of about 1.2% (absolute). Heat release rates were observed to be higher and more advanced with B100 at wide open throttle. However, a reverse of this trend was observed at the throttle position of 15%. NO emission was also lower by 30% with B100 at wide open throttle as compared with gasoline. However, a small increase in carbon monoxide (CO) levels was observed because of lower post combustion temperatures as compared with gasoline and B50S. Simultaneous injection reduced hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by 13% to 50% as compared with B50 (blended fuel). HC emissions with gasoline and B50S were similar. Nitric oxide (NO) emission was lower with B50S as compared with gasoline; however it was higher than B50 because of better combustion. On the whole, the developed dual injection system was superior to the conventional method of blending in terms of performance, emissions and ability to change the fuel ratio as needed. B50S is suitable at all throttle positions, whereas B100 shows benefits at full throttle conditions.

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental Investigation of Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of a Di-diesel Engine Fuelled with Aqueous Cerium Oxide and Aqueous Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticle Additives

Experiments were conducted to determine the engine performance and emission characteristics of Di... more Experiments were conducted to determine the engine performance and emission characteristics of Direct Injection (DI)-diesel engine using aqueous cerium oxide nanoparticles (ACONP) and aqueous aluminium oxide nanoparticles (AAONP) as an additive in diesel, ethanol and surfactant blended fuel and were compared with diesel fuel. Blends were prepared by in proportions of Diesel 83%, Ethanol 15% and Surfactant 2% (Span 80) with 50 and 75 ppm aqueous cerium oxide and aqueous aluminium oxide nanoparticles as an additive, denoted as ACONP50, ACONP75, AAONP50 and AAONP75, respectively. The blends are prepared by uniform mixing of nanoparticles with the help of an ultrasonicator. Nanoparticles were acted as an oxygen-donating catalyst which improves the combustion process and results in complete combustion. This will also reduce the hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. It was observed that there is a significant enhancement of performances and decrease of exhaust emissions HC, CO, smoke,

Research paper thumbnail of Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd. Weight Optimization of Buck Stays using Castellated Beams

Abstract- The present water-tube boiler construction is based on membrane walls (tube wall panels... more Abstract- The present water-tube boiler construction is based on membrane walls (tube wall panels) to form furnace envelope. Buckstay is a supporting element external to the boiler envelope stiffening the furnace against pressure differentials between gases inside the furnace and outside atmosphere. The membrane walls forming the furnace envelope alone could not withstand those pressure differentials. Hence membrane walls have been stiffened with the buckstay system placed to prevent large deformations. Buckstays are designed in accordance with any structural codes (IS 800, BS 5950 etc.) against shear, bending and axial stresses. Typical rolled & fabricated ‘I ’ sections may be used as buckstay beam. This technical paper provides applicable loadings on buckstay, design considerations design procedure and to reduce the weight of buckstays using castellated beams.

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental Investigation of Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of a Di-diesel Engine Fuelled with Aqueous Cerium Oxide and Aqueous Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticle Additives

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

Experiments were conducted to determine the engine performance and emission characteristics of Di... more Experiments were conducted to determine the engine performance and emission characteristics of Direct Injection (DI)-diesel engine using aqueous cerium oxide nanoparticles (ACONP) and aqueous aluminium oxide nanoparticles (AAONP) as an additive in diesel, ethanol and surfactant blended fuel and were compared with diesel fuel. Blends were prepared by in proportions of Diesel 83%, Ethanol 15% and Surfactant 2% (Span 80) with 50 and 75 ppm aqueous cerium oxide and aqueous aluminium oxide nanoparticles as an additive, denoted as ACONP50, ACONP75, AAONP50 and AAONP75, respectively. The blends are prepared by uniform mixing of nanoparticles with the help of an ultrasonicator. Nanoparticles were acted as an oxygen-donating catalyst which improves the combustion process and results in complete combustion. This will also reduce the hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. It was observed that there is a significant enhancement of performances and decrease of exhaust emissions HC, CO, smoke,

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental investigation on the effect of injection pressure on engine performance and emissions when operated with HHO gas along with cotton seed bio diesel

Research paper thumbnail of Computational fluid dynamics investigation on frictional heat transfer flow process by using fluid method

International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2019

The procedure of grating welding interfaces of two strong state materials with a solitary strong ... more The procedure of grating welding interfaces of two strong state materials with a solitary strong with great holding joints. Continuous processing manufacturing trials with bit by bit utilised rotat...

Research paper thumbnail of Numerical analyses of thermal sizing of multi tube pass shell and tube heat exchanger

International Journal of Engineering, 2014

In any industrial or power plants the energy flows from one form to another form by fulfilling th... more In any industrial or power plants the energy flows from one form to another form by fulfilling the basic objectives of the establishment of thermal energy from one fluid to another. In power plants the heat generated at the turbine shaft or alternator bearings, to be dissipated continuously. In order to maintain the lube oil properties constant, this is very important and if its not maintained or if the temperature is increased beyond the limit it will damage the oil film thickness between the turbine shaft and bearing and results in mal operations of turbine rotor. The present work deals with experimental and numerical analysis of thermal sizing of multi tube pass shell and tube heat exchanger. This involves the numerical analysis, experimental investigation, and calculation of heat transfer co-efficient, pressure drop at drift passes and no of tubes. This is mainly based on customer needs and demand.

Research paper thumbnail of Production and Engine Performance and Emission Evaluation of Karanja and Jatropha-Based Biodiesel

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2018

Emissions from automotive engines have caused major impact on environment and are disturbing the ... more Emissions from automotive engines have caused major impact on environment and are disturbing the ecological system. The major motive force behind this research is to find the alternative fuel for the future mobility and more independence from the fossil fuels. Biodiesel fuel produced from non-edible oil like jatropha and karanja could be used to replace at least a portion of the automotive fuel consumed worldwide.

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental and computational evaluation of temperature difference of a cascade condenser of R134a-R23 cascade refrigeration system

2015 International Conference on Smart Technologies and Management for Computing, Communication, Controls, Energy and Materials (ICSTM), 2015

This study thermodynamically analyze the minimum temperature difference (DT) of a cascade condens... more This study thermodynamically analyze the minimum temperature difference (DT) of a cascade condenser of cascade refrigeration system using R134a- R23 in order to get maximum COP of the system, by considering different operating parameters. The operating parameters includes: (1) the condensing (TC) and evaporating temperature (Tme) of R134a, (2) the condensing (Tmc) and evaporating temperature (TE) of R23. This analysis was also done experimentally on a cascade refrigeration system using R134a-R23 as refrigerant pairs. The experimental results are validated with the theoretical results and the results were in good agreement with each other.

Research paper thumbnail of Improved Methods for Thermal and Compression Testing of Carbon Foams

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2014

Although much interesting research on carbon foams has been published, their thermal conductivity... more Although much interesting research on carbon foams has been published, their thermal conductivity and compression properties are not fully understood because of complexity of porous and brittle structure. These properties are critical for applying carbon foams in thermal management, composite tooling, and shock resistant applications. Special test methods are needed for accurate characterization of thermal and compression properties of carbon foams. This paper describes improved methods for measuring the thermal conductivity and compression properties of carbon foams. The thermal conductivity was measured and validated using a heat flow meter technique that was built in house and the compression properties were measured using end-potting technique. The results from improved techniques were compared with that of standard techniques. Compared to standard techniques, the improved techniques resulted in accurate measurement of thermal conductivity and compression properties with consistent and reproducible test data. Thus, these techniques are recommended for measuring the thermal conductivity and compression properties of carbon foams and similar open-cell brittle foams.

Research paper thumbnail of Investigation and Joint effect Analysis of Ti-6AL-4V SS-304L in Aerospace Applications

INCAS BULLETIN

The friction welding basic principle is connecting two materials with the help of friction genera... more The friction welding basic principle is connecting two materials with the help of friction generated between them using pressure and frictional time. The material used for this is Ti-6AL-4V & SS-304L with aluminum interlayers. The mechanical and metallurgical experimental strengths are investigated successfully. Titanium and stainless steel joined materials are commonly used for different aerospace, chemical, automotive and nuclear applications. The primary investigation of this present work is the connection between titanium and stainless steel with an aluminum interlayer. Initially, stainless steel and aluminum joints were made, and then the aluminum other surface was connected with titanium alloy. Joined welded samples are analyzed with scanning electron microscopes. Welded joint strength and characteristics were determined with the help of the tensile test, micro hardness and impact test. These investigation results were studied and compared with previous experimental studies.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis on the effect of pilot injection strategies on combustion and emission characteristics of palm-munja biodiesel/diesel blend on CRDI diesel engine

International Journal of Ambient Energy

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Injection Pressure on Engine Performance While the Engine is Running on Electrolytically Generated Hydrogen Oxygen Mixture

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Tensile strength Characteristics on Dissimilar Metal Friction Welding of Ti-6Al-4V & SS304L

INCAS BULLETIN, Mar 1, 2020

In this research, the method of friction welding joints in Titanium and Stainless Steel with alum... more In this research, the method of friction welding joints in Titanium and Stainless Steel with aluminium interlayer coating is created. The friction welding process is a solid-state joining process of dissimilar or similar materials. This friction welding process needs high rotational speed and high forging pressure. Titanium and stainless steel materials melting temperatures are around 1600 O C. Welding process which needed high-pressure, temperature and good velocity regions. Titanium and stainless steels are coated 300 O C ranges to applied aluminium spray coating method with constant pressure. The source of the aluminium coating is strong titanium and stainless steel adhesive strength. In this experimental project, four different trials of titanium and stainless steel joints have been performed at different speeds and constant forging pressures. Trial 4 connections of titanium and stainless steel made of 2100 O C temperature and forging pressure of 60 MPa, friction time of 5 sec and friction pressure of 70 MPa. Friction welding experiments were completed with the help of friction time, forging pressure, rotational speed and friction pressure. Tensile load stress results are calculated by the UTM machine and evaluated the results of design experts with ANOVA table and RSM.

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of additives to biodiesel and ethanol for enhancement of combustion characteristics and pollution reduction: A review

IWOSP 2021, INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON STATISTICAL PHYSICS

Research paper thumbnail of In ternary blend fuelled diesel engines, nanoparticles are used as an additive in biofuel production and as a fuel additive: A review

Materials Today: Proceedings

Research paper thumbnail of Waste plastic as a source of biofuel for stationary diesel engine: a critical review

International Journal of Ambient Energy

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental evaluation of direct injection diesel engine performance and emissions with acacia biodiesel

International Journal of Ambient Energy

Research paper thumbnail of Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oils

Applied Energy, 2013

Simultaneous injection of n-butanol and gasoline through a new system of two injectors directing ... more Simultaneous injection of n-butanol and gasoline through a new system of two injectors directing the sprays towards the back of the intake valve in a spark-ignition engine was tried in lieu of injecting a blend of these fuels through a single injector. This system avoids the problem of phase separation, which is generally faced during the use of alcohol-gasoline blends. Experiments were conducted on a spark-ignition engine with this dual injection system using a fuel ratio of 1:1 (B50S) on the mass basis. High-speed photographs indicated that the sprays from the injectors did not interfere till they reached the intake valve. Comparisons were made with pre-blended butanol-gasoline (B50) and neat (100%) gasoline at the best spark timing. All injection and spark parameters were controlled using a real time engine controller. Neat n-butanol (B100) was superior only near full throttle with improved efficiency of the engine of about 1.2% (absolute). Heat release rates were observed to be higher and more advanced with B100 at wide open throttle. However, a reverse of this trend was observed at the throttle position of 15%. NO emission was also lower by 30% with B100 at wide open throttle as compared with gasoline. However, a small increase in carbon monoxide (CO) levels was observed because of lower post combustion temperatures as compared with gasoline and B50S. Simultaneous injection reduced hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by 13% to 50% as compared with B50 (blended fuel). HC emissions with gasoline and B50S were similar. Nitric oxide (NO) emission was lower with B50S as compared with gasoline; however it was higher than B50 because of better combustion. On the whole, the developed dual injection system was superior to the conventional method of blending in terms of performance, emissions and ability to change the fuel ratio as needed. B50S is suitable at all throttle positions, whereas B100 shows benefits at full throttle conditions.

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental Investigation of Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of a Di-diesel Engine Fuelled with Aqueous Cerium Oxide and Aqueous Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticle Additives

Experiments were conducted to determine the engine performance and emission characteristics of Di... more Experiments were conducted to determine the engine performance and emission characteristics of Direct Injection (DI)-diesel engine using aqueous cerium oxide nanoparticles (ACONP) and aqueous aluminium oxide nanoparticles (AAONP) as an additive in diesel, ethanol and surfactant blended fuel and were compared with diesel fuel. Blends were prepared by in proportions of Diesel 83%, Ethanol 15% and Surfactant 2% (Span 80) with 50 and 75 ppm aqueous cerium oxide and aqueous aluminium oxide nanoparticles as an additive, denoted as ACONP50, ACONP75, AAONP50 and AAONP75, respectively. The blends are prepared by uniform mixing of nanoparticles with the help of an ultrasonicator. Nanoparticles were acted as an oxygen-donating catalyst which improves the combustion process and results in complete combustion. This will also reduce the hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. It was observed that there is a significant enhancement of performances and decrease of exhaust emissions HC, CO, smoke,

Research paper thumbnail of Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd. Weight Optimization of Buck Stays using Castellated Beams

Abstract- The present water-tube boiler construction is based on membrane walls (tube wall panels... more Abstract- The present water-tube boiler construction is based on membrane walls (tube wall panels) to form furnace envelope. Buckstay is a supporting element external to the boiler envelope stiffening the furnace against pressure differentials between gases inside the furnace and outside atmosphere. The membrane walls forming the furnace envelope alone could not withstand those pressure differentials. Hence membrane walls have been stiffened with the buckstay system placed to prevent large deformations. Buckstays are designed in accordance with any structural codes (IS 800, BS 5950 etc.) against shear, bending and axial stresses. Typical rolled & fabricated ‘I ’ sections may be used as buckstay beam. This technical paper provides applicable loadings on buckstay, design considerations design procedure and to reduce the weight of buckstays using castellated beams.

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental Investigation of Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of a Di-diesel Engine Fuelled with Aqueous Cerium Oxide and Aqueous Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticle Additives

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

Experiments were conducted to determine the engine performance and emission characteristics of Di... more Experiments were conducted to determine the engine performance and emission characteristics of Direct Injection (DI)-diesel engine using aqueous cerium oxide nanoparticles (ACONP) and aqueous aluminium oxide nanoparticles (AAONP) as an additive in diesel, ethanol and surfactant blended fuel and were compared with diesel fuel. Blends were prepared by in proportions of Diesel 83%, Ethanol 15% and Surfactant 2% (Span 80) with 50 and 75 ppm aqueous cerium oxide and aqueous aluminium oxide nanoparticles as an additive, denoted as ACONP50, ACONP75, AAONP50 and AAONP75, respectively. The blends are prepared by uniform mixing of nanoparticles with the help of an ultrasonicator. Nanoparticles were acted as an oxygen-donating catalyst which improves the combustion process and results in complete combustion. This will also reduce the hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. It was observed that there is a significant enhancement of performances and decrease of exhaust emissions HC, CO, smoke,

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental investigation on the effect of injection pressure on engine performance and emissions when operated with HHO gas along with cotton seed bio diesel

Research paper thumbnail of Computational fluid dynamics investigation on frictional heat transfer flow process by using fluid method

International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2019

The procedure of grating welding interfaces of two strong state materials with a solitary strong ... more The procedure of grating welding interfaces of two strong state materials with a solitary strong with great holding joints. Continuous processing manufacturing trials with bit by bit utilised rotat...

Research paper thumbnail of Numerical analyses of thermal sizing of multi tube pass shell and tube heat exchanger

International Journal of Engineering, 2014

In any industrial or power plants the energy flows from one form to another form by fulfilling th... more In any industrial or power plants the energy flows from one form to another form by fulfilling the basic objectives of the establishment of thermal energy from one fluid to another. In power plants the heat generated at the turbine shaft or alternator bearings, to be dissipated continuously. In order to maintain the lube oil properties constant, this is very important and if its not maintained or if the temperature is increased beyond the limit it will damage the oil film thickness between the turbine shaft and bearing and results in mal operations of turbine rotor. The present work deals with experimental and numerical analysis of thermal sizing of multi tube pass shell and tube heat exchanger. This involves the numerical analysis, experimental investigation, and calculation of heat transfer co-efficient, pressure drop at drift passes and no of tubes. This is mainly based on customer needs and demand.

Research paper thumbnail of Production and Engine Performance and Emission Evaluation of Karanja and Jatropha-Based Biodiesel

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2018

Emissions from automotive engines have caused major impact on environment and are disturbing the ... more Emissions from automotive engines have caused major impact on environment and are disturbing the ecological system. The major motive force behind this research is to find the alternative fuel for the future mobility and more independence from the fossil fuels. Biodiesel fuel produced from non-edible oil like jatropha and karanja could be used to replace at least a portion of the automotive fuel consumed worldwide.

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental and computational evaluation of temperature difference of a cascade condenser of R134a-R23 cascade refrigeration system

2015 International Conference on Smart Technologies and Management for Computing, Communication, Controls, Energy and Materials (ICSTM), 2015

This study thermodynamically analyze the minimum temperature difference (DT) of a cascade condens... more This study thermodynamically analyze the minimum temperature difference (DT) of a cascade condenser of cascade refrigeration system using R134a- R23 in order to get maximum COP of the system, by considering different operating parameters. The operating parameters includes: (1) the condensing (TC) and evaporating temperature (Tme) of R134a, (2) the condensing (Tmc) and evaporating temperature (TE) of R23. This analysis was also done experimentally on a cascade refrigeration system using R134a-R23 as refrigerant pairs. The experimental results are validated with the theoretical results and the results were in good agreement with each other.

Research paper thumbnail of Improved Methods for Thermal and Compression Testing of Carbon Foams

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2014

Although much interesting research on carbon foams has been published, their thermal conductivity... more Although much interesting research on carbon foams has been published, their thermal conductivity and compression properties are not fully understood because of complexity of porous and brittle structure. These properties are critical for applying carbon foams in thermal management, composite tooling, and shock resistant applications. Special test methods are needed for accurate characterization of thermal and compression properties of carbon foams. This paper describes improved methods for measuring the thermal conductivity and compression properties of carbon foams. The thermal conductivity was measured and validated using a heat flow meter technique that was built in house and the compression properties were measured using end-potting technique. The results from improved techniques were compared with that of standard techniques. Compared to standard techniques, the improved techniques resulted in accurate measurement of thermal conductivity and compression properties with consistent and reproducible test data. Thus, these techniques are recommended for measuring the thermal conductivity and compression properties of carbon foams and similar open-cell brittle foams.

Research paper thumbnail of Investigation and Joint effect Analysis of Ti-6AL-4V SS-304L in Aerospace Applications

INCAS BULLETIN

The friction welding basic principle is connecting two materials with the help of friction genera... more The friction welding basic principle is connecting two materials with the help of friction generated between them using pressure and frictional time. The material used for this is Ti-6AL-4V & SS-304L with aluminum interlayers. The mechanical and metallurgical experimental strengths are investigated successfully. Titanium and stainless steel joined materials are commonly used for different aerospace, chemical, automotive and nuclear applications. The primary investigation of this present work is the connection between titanium and stainless steel with an aluminum interlayer. Initially, stainless steel and aluminum joints were made, and then the aluminum other surface was connected with titanium alloy. Joined welded samples are analyzed with scanning electron microscopes. Welded joint strength and characteristics were determined with the help of the tensile test, micro hardness and impact test. These investigation results were studied and compared with previous experimental studies.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis on the effect of pilot injection strategies on combustion and emission characteristics of palm-munja biodiesel/diesel blend on CRDI diesel engine

International Journal of Ambient Energy

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Injection Pressure on Engine Performance While the Engine is Running on Electrolytically Generated Hydrogen Oxygen Mixture

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Tensile strength Characteristics on Dissimilar Metal Friction Welding of Ti-6Al-4V & SS304L

INCAS BULLETIN, Mar 1, 2020

In this research, the method of friction welding joints in Titanium and Stainless Steel with alum... more In this research, the method of friction welding joints in Titanium and Stainless Steel with aluminium interlayer coating is created. The friction welding process is a solid-state joining process of dissimilar or similar materials. This friction welding process needs high rotational speed and high forging pressure. Titanium and stainless steel materials melting temperatures are around 1600 O C. Welding process which needed high-pressure, temperature and good velocity regions. Titanium and stainless steels are coated 300 O C ranges to applied aluminium spray coating method with constant pressure. The source of the aluminium coating is strong titanium and stainless steel adhesive strength. In this experimental project, four different trials of titanium and stainless steel joints have been performed at different speeds and constant forging pressures. Trial 4 connections of titanium and stainless steel made of 2100 O C temperature and forging pressure of 60 MPa, friction time of 5 sec and friction pressure of 70 MPa. Friction welding experiments were completed with the help of friction time, forging pressure, rotational speed and friction pressure. Tensile load stress results are calculated by the UTM machine and evaluated the results of design experts with ANOVA table and RSM.