Bradford Mills | Virginia Tech (original) (raw)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / French National Centre for Scientific Research
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Papers by Bradford Mills
Post Communist Economies, Sep 1, 2009
ABSTRACT This article examines poverty dynamics in the Russian Federation from 1994 through the f... more ABSTRACT This article examines poverty dynamics in the Russian Federation from 1994 through the financial crisis in the late 1990s and into the more recent economic recovery. The severity of poverty in the Russian Federation is found to stem largely from transient, rather than chronic, spells of economic hardship. Exposure to transient poverty is strongly influenced by household levels of workforce participation, educational assets and physical assets, as well as by local economic conditions. Workforce participation and physical assets also mitigate exposure to chronic poverty. The importance of these determinants of transient and chronic poverty appears to change in the pre-crisis and post-crisis periods. But the severity of chronic poverty does not increase, suggesting that the combined movement towards a market economy and the financial crisis did not generate a new underclass of chronically poor households.
The Journal of Development Studies, 2015
A simulation model analyzes cost effectiveness of remote facility monitoring for risk reduction i... more A simulation model analyzes cost effectiveness of remote facility monitoring for risk reduction in rural water supply systems by performing a break-even analysis that compares operating costs with manual and remote monitoring. Water system operating cost includes the value of water loss (i.e., realized risk) resulting from operating excursions which are inversely related to mechanical reliability. Reliability is controlled by facility monitoring that identifies excursions enabling operators to implement mitigating measures. Cost effectiveness refers to the cost relationship among operating alternatives that reveals changed economic conditions at different operating rates inherent in the inverse relationship between fixed and variable costs. Break-even analysis describes cost effectiveness by identifying the operating rate above which the more capital intensive alternative will result in lower operating cost. Evidence indicates that increased monitoring frequency associated with remo...
Safety Nets in Africa: Effective Mechanisms to Reach the Poor and Most Vulnerable, 2015
Safety Nets in Africa: Effective Mechanisms to Reach the Poor and Most Vulnerable, 2015
Safety Nets in Africa: Effective Mechanisms to Reach the Poor and Most Vulnerable, 2015
Safety Nets in Africa: Effective Mechanisms to Reach the Poor and Most Vulnerable, 2015
Social Science & Medicine, 2015
Health disparities are increasingly recorded in literature, but are much less understood in a rur... more Health disparities are increasingly recorded in literature, but are much less understood in a rural-urban context. This study help bridges this gap through investigation of four major diseases in the Commonwealth of Virginia: cancer, stroke, cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We utilize a unique inpatient hospital discharge billing dataset, and construct average patient counts at ZIPcode level over 2006e2008 where covariates from alternative sources are merged (806 ZIP-code areas, 190 urban, 616 rural). Count data regressions are first fitted to identify possible regional-level factors that affect disease incidences. A system of equations with rural-urban specification are then estimated via seemingly unrelated regression techniques to account for possible associations among these diseases and correlations of errors, which is followed by disease-specific nonlinear Blinder-Oaxaca decompositions that compare the respective explanatory powers of observed characteristics and unobserved mechanisms. Results suggest that regional-level factors are significantly correlated with health outcomes in both rural and urban areas. The unknown mechanisms behind these linkages are different between rural and urban areas, and explain even larger proportions of the observed disparities. These findings confirm the role of regional-level factors in generating rural-urban health disparities, and call for further investigations of the causal mechanisms of such disparities that remain largely unknown.
Social Service Review, 2014
Page 1. POVERTY DYNAMICS IN AFRICA Why Has Poverty Increased in Zimbabwe? Jeffrey Alwang, Bradfor... more Page 1. POVERTY DYNAMICS IN AFRICA Why Has Poverty Increased in Zimbabwe? Jeffrey Alwang, Bradford F. Mills, and Nelson Taruvinga THE WORLD BANK Page 2. Page 3. Why Has Poverty Increased in Zimbabwe? POVERTY DYNAMICS IN AFRICA Page 4. ...
Abstract The USDA Food Stamp Program (FSP) is the largest component of the US social safety net a... more Abstract The USDA Food Stamp Program (FSP) is the largest component of the US social safety net and is designed to protect the economic well-being of low income households. This paper examines the impact of the intensity of FSP use on expenditure-based, intra-...
Post Communist Economies, Sep 1, 2009
ABSTRACT This article examines poverty dynamics in the Russian Federation from 1994 through the f... more ABSTRACT This article examines poverty dynamics in the Russian Federation from 1994 through the financial crisis in the late 1990s and into the more recent economic recovery. The severity of poverty in the Russian Federation is found to stem largely from transient, rather than chronic, spells of economic hardship. Exposure to transient poverty is strongly influenced by household levels of workforce participation, educational assets and physical assets, as well as by local economic conditions. Workforce participation and physical assets also mitigate exposure to chronic poverty. The importance of these determinants of transient and chronic poverty appears to change in the pre-crisis and post-crisis periods. But the severity of chronic poverty does not increase, suggesting that the combined movement towards a market economy and the financial crisis did not generate a new underclass of chronically poor households.
The Journal of Development Studies, 2015
A simulation model analyzes cost effectiveness of remote facility monitoring for risk reduction i... more A simulation model analyzes cost effectiveness of remote facility monitoring for risk reduction in rural water supply systems by performing a break-even analysis that compares operating costs with manual and remote monitoring. Water system operating cost includes the value of water loss (i.e., realized risk) resulting from operating excursions which are inversely related to mechanical reliability. Reliability is controlled by facility monitoring that identifies excursions enabling operators to implement mitigating measures. Cost effectiveness refers to the cost relationship among operating alternatives that reveals changed economic conditions at different operating rates inherent in the inverse relationship between fixed and variable costs. Break-even analysis describes cost effectiveness by identifying the operating rate above which the more capital intensive alternative will result in lower operating cost. Evidence indicates that increased monitoring frequency associated with remo...
Safety Nets in Africa: Effective Mechanisms to Reach the Poor and Most Vulnerable, 2015
Safety Nets in Africa: Effective Mechanisms to Reach the Poor and Most Vulnerable, 2015
Safety Nets in Africa: Effective Mechanisms to Reach the Poor and Most Vulnerable, 2015
Safety Nets in Africa: Effective Mechanisms to Reach the Poor and Most Vulnerable, 2015
Social Science & Medicine, 2015
Health disparities are increasingly recorded in literature, but are much less understood in a rur... more Health disparities are increasingly recorded in literature, but are much less understood in a rural-urban context. This study help bridges this gap through investigation of four major diseases in the Commonwealth of Virginia: cancer, stroke, cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We utilize a unique inpatient hospital discharge billing dataset, and construct average patient counts at ZIPcode level over 2006e2008 where covariates from alternative sources are merged (806 ZIP-code areas, 190 urban, 616 rural). Count data regressions are first fitted to identify possible regional-level factors that affect disease incidences. A system of equations with rural-urban specification are then estimated via seemingly unrelated regression techniques to account for possible associations among these diseases and correlations of errors, which is followed by disease-specific nonlinear Blinder-Oaxaca decompositions that compare the respective explanatory powers of observed characteristics and unobserved mechanisms. Results suggest that regional-level factors are significantly correlated with health outcomes in both rural and urban areas. The unknown mechanisms behind these linkages are different between rural and urban areas, and explain even larger proportions of the observed disparities. These findings confirm the role of regional-level factors in generating rural-urban health disparities, and call for further investigations of the causal mechanisms of such disparities that remain largely unknown.
Social Service Review, 2014
Page 1. POVERTY DYNAMICS IN AFRICA Why Has Poverty Increased in Zimbabwe? Jeffrey Alwang, Bradfor... more Page 1. POVERTY DYNAMICS IN AFRICA Why Has Poverty Increased in Zimbabwe? Jeffrey Alwang, Bradford F. Mills, and Nelson Taruvinga THE WORLD BANK Page 2. Page 3. Why Has Poverty Increased in Zimbabwe? POVERTY DYNAMICS IN AFRICA Page 4. ...
Abstract The USDA Food Stamp Program (FSP) is the largest component of the US social safety net a... more Abstract The USDA Food Stamp Program (FSP) is the largest component of the US social safety net and is designed to protect the economic well-being of low income households. This paper examines the impact of the intensity of FSP use on expenditure-based, intra-...