Adarsh S | Visvesvaraya Technological University (original) (raw)

Papers by Adarsh S

International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 2023

For the first time, a theoretical, validated by experimental investigation on the flow through in... more For the first time, a theoretical, validated by experimental investigation on the flow through inward trapezoidal channel is done. A near-linear depth-discharge relationship is obtained by optimization such that the computed discharge is well within 2% deviation from the corresponding theoretical values. It is found that the linear relationship for practical and theoretical are given for z1 = 0.095 and z2 =0.123, respectively are QLa = 2.1725y-0.3159, QLt = 2.0171y-0.1937 and QLa = 2.02y-0.2027, QLt = 2.0171y-0.1937. A geometrically simple flume which can be constructed or existing flume can be modified on-site with straight sides in the shape of inward trapezoidal shape has been theoretically analyzed, graphically and experimentally validated. It is shown that it can be used for normal flows as a near-linear flow measuring device. The flow in the new device is shown to vary linearly with respect to the flow depth valid within a pre-defined range of depth within prefixed error of deviation from the theoretical discharge. The significance is the shift is from measurement of discharge through computations to direct reading and auto-recording of the discharge with a piezometer or a float-regulated device.

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International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management, 2023

An experimental investigation was carried out for the treatment of sewage wastewater using low co... more An experimental investigation was carried out for the treatment of sewage wastewater using low cost adsorbent. The fly ash and wood ash were used as adsorbent in this Study. Experiments were conducted on a filter media that was prepared with pebbles, sand, flyash and wood ash with 12cm thickness, characterized and used for the removal of impurities. The physico-chemical properties of waste-water before and after treatment were examined. The present study investigates that successful use of low cost adsorbent like flyash and wood ash which are basically the discarded wastes from incineration or combustion from power plants and are readily available in the market as a source for the treatment of waste-water for various parameters like pH, TDS, TSS, BOD, COD & Turbidity. The results showed that the pH was reduced to 7.3 and 8.5for fly ash and wood ash from 9.2, The BOD and CODremoval was observed to be 71.52%, 65.42% and 81.42%, 56.93% for fly ash and wood ash respectively. TDS and TSS removal was observed to be 86.25%, 83.75 % and 93.58%, 92.15%for fly ash and wood respectively. There was a superficial increase in the Turbidity level by 91.64% and 85.36% for fly ash and wood ash respectively. The concept of utilizing fly ash and wood ash has proved to optimize the quantity of impurities in wastewater and an effective, Economical method to treat the wastewater.

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Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 2023

The discharge-depth relationships in regular channels have been rarely investigated to make it mo... more The discharge-depth relationships in regular channels have been rarely investigated to make it more useful flow measuring devices. The authors, for the first time, have proposed a theoretical investigation on the flow in open rectangular channel and it is found that even in rectangular channel, it is possible to get a near linear depth-discharge relationship. In this paper, the flow parameters are determined through a new general optimization procedure presented. It is found that the near linear depth-discharge relationship is valid from YA(b) to YB(b), within a deviation of ±2 percent error, where b is the half base width of the channel. The proposed linear equation is given by = (−) √ 3 2 ⁄ , where is the discharge in the channel, y is the flow depth, C is Chezzy's Constant and S is the channel bed slope. Chezzy's C can also be substituted by Manning's n by the simple equation = 1 1 6 ⁄ , where R the Hydraulic mean radius could be computed as = , a being the cross-sectional area of flow and P the wetted perimeter. The significance of proposed research is that, the shift is from measurement of discharge through computations to direct reading of the discharge with a piezometer.

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International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology, 2023

Discharge measurement in an open channel within a prefixed degree of accuracy with least compromi... more Discharge measurement in an open channel within a prefixed degree of accuracy with least compromise on the head of flowing liquid is a challenging task. Sharp crested and broad crested weirs have been tried and investigated to the maximum extent and have not been popularly used in the field due to its intrusive nature which reduces the fluid head. Further, discharge measuring flumes like Venturi-flume, Standing-wave-flume have been successfully used with least disturbance in flow. However, the accuracy of flow depends on the fabrication. In addition, the

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GIS SCIENCE JOURNAL, 2023

An Open channel is a medium to convey liquid from one point to other with a free surface under at... more An Open channel is a medium to convey liquid from one point to other with a free surface under atmospheric pressure. The free surface is actually an interface between the moving liquid and an overlying fluid medium (usually air) and will have constant pressure (usually atmospheric pressure). In Irrigation Engineering, channels are referred to as Open Channels, which carry water from stored place like reservoirs or tanks to the destination like agricultural fields. India being developing country needs to focus more on efficient water management, which implies that flow measurement, becomes an integral part. There are several methods to measure flow but most of it is intrusive and there are non-intrusive devices which are measuring flumes like Partial-flumes, Venturi-flumes, Standing-wave flumes etc. The energy loss in these flow measuring flumes is also relatively less. However, the actual measurement part is complicated and the farmers who are mostly illiterate cannot understand the computational part. In this paper, a rectangular channel in the form of geometrically simple flume which can be practically found constructed in the field, has been theoretically and experimentally analyzed in a laboratory model. To find the roughness of the channel experiments were conducted on flow through rectangular channels. For the first time in flow measurement, it was found that the flow beyond threshold depth followed linear relationship between discharge and depth of flow. Further, investigation into this leads us to new investigation which will be extremely helpful in assessing the discharge in channels without any modification and the same has been presented. To ascertain that, the explored linear depth-discharge relationship is independent of geometric dimensions of the channel and roughness coefficient of the channel, experiments were conducted and the results were analysed with two different channels, one of concrete (having higher roughness coefficient) and other Perspex-glass (relatively smooth roughness coefficient). In both the cases linear relationship remains unaltered. It is shown that rectangular channels can be used for normal flows as linear flow measuring device. The flow in the rectangular channel is shown to vary linearly with respect to the flow depth valid within a pre-defined range of depth within prefixed error of deviation from the theoretical discharge.

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International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology, 2023

The manhole detection and monitoring system presented in this project aim to develop a reliable a... more The manhole detection and monitoring system presented in this project aim to develop a reliable and efficient solution for detecting and monitoring manholes in urban areas. The system utilizes advanced technologies, including sensors, communication modules, and data analytics, to improve the maintenance and safety of manholes. The system consists of multiple components, including float switch sensors, Arduino uno and sim 800C. The float switch is designed to detect the status of maximum level of sewer. The control system receives and processes the data, applying data analytics algorithms to identify potential issues in real time. In summary, the manhole detection and monitoring system provide an intelligent solution for enhancing the maintenance and safety of manholes in urban areas and rural areas.

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International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology, 2023

Many safety issues can arise during the long operation time of dams because of various internal a... more Many safety issues can arise during the long operation time of dams because of various internal and external factors, among which dam leakage problems happen frequently. Dam leakage not only affects the normal functions of a dam, such as power generation, water supply, and irrigation, but also weakens the flood control ability of the structure and increases the risk of dam failure. The Main objective of the study is to identify the leakages in dam using water sensor, which alerts the authority regarding the leakage of the dam. A prototype model has been developed and installed with a water sensor which detects the minute water leakage and alerts the authority with the beep sound. Further cost analysis has been estimated and the approximate cost for smaller height of Dam it may cost around Twenty Lakh Rupees, for medium height Dam it may cost around Thirty-Four Lakh Rupees, and for larger height of Dam it may cost around Sixty-Six Lakh Rupees. The major advantages of project include leakage identification without any inspection and prevent the further damage that is likely to occur. It also monitors structural health and ensure structural safety which avoid Loss of Water in reservoir, to alert the Authority regarding the leakages and help them to resolve the issues as early as possible.

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Proceedings of National Web Conference on Challenges and Innovation in Engineering & Technology 2021 (NWCCIET-2021), March 19th & 20th, 2021, 2021

Discharge measurement in an open channel is within a prefixed degree of accuracy withleast compro... more Discharge measurement in an open channel is within a prefixed
degree of accuracy withleast compromise on the head
of flowing liquid is a challenging task. In the present
investigations, analysis of flow through the inward
trapezoidal channel (ITC) is done based on experimental
investigations. The flow through the 30o apex angle of inward
side slopes working under relative heads is analysed and the
mathematical discharge modelling for the flow through
inward trapezoidal channel (ITC) is presented. The relevance
of the present research carried out is highlighted with respect
to non-intrusive flow measurement. Experiments are carried
for flow through symmetrical inward trapezoidal channel
(ITC) with sides inclined at 60o with the horizontal (Apex
angle 30o). The discharge for the inward trapezoidal channel
(ITC) is found to vary within two percentage deviation from
the mean value. The experimental head-discharge plot also
indicates the validity of the research work with most of the
experimental values falling on the established equation for
the flow through (30o Apex angle) linear inverted trapezoidal
channel.

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) , 2015

Energy is the lifeblood of today's society and economy. Traditional fossil energy sources such as... more Energy is the lifeblood of today's society and economy. Traditional fossil energy sources such as oil are ultimately limited and the growing gap between increasing demand and shrinking supply will, in the not too distant future, have to be met increasingly from an alternative primary energy source. One excellent source of energy is biogas. Biogas is a fuel which is produced from the breakdown of organic matter. Methane is the main component of natural gas, is also an important greenhouse gas and is a major contributor to the global warming problem. Fuel cells generate electricity by an electrochemical reaction in which oxygen and a hydrogen-rich fuel combine to form water. Unlike internal combusted, the energy instead being released electrocatalyically. This allows fuel cell to be highly energy efficient and even higher efficiency can be gained with cogeneration. A typical fuel cell produces a voltage from 0.6-0.8 V at full rated load. Fuel cells can be developed for portable electronic device.

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 2020

Energy is the means of support of today's society and economy. Traditional fossil energy sources ... more Energy is the means of support of today's society and economy. Traditional fossil energy sources such as oil are ultimately limited and the growing gap between increasing demand and shrinking supply will have to be met increasingly from an alternative primary energy source. With the increasing petroleum prices, rupee-dollar exchange cost and depleting foreign exchange reserves, one of the excellent sources of energy is biogas. Biogas is a fuel which is produced from the breakdown of organic matter. This research work focusses on the design and estimation of biogas production from the food waste collected from a canteen in Vidya Vikas Institute of Engineering and Technology (VVIET), Mysuru and also the focal point is on the theoretical estimation of biogas which is an initial step towards establishing a biogas plant at the backyard of the canteen. A model has been designed for the VVIET canteen wherein waste can be effectively used and the energy produced can be efficiently used within the campus. Methane is the main component of natural gas which is also an important greenhouse gas and is a major contributor to the global warming problem. With this background an initiative is taken to produce power from waste by using Fuel cells which generate electricity by an electrochemical reaction in which oxygen and a hydrogen-rich fuel combine to form water. This allows fuel cell to be highly energy efficient and even higher efficiency can be gained with cogeneration. A typical fuel cell produces a voltage from 0.6-0.8 V at full rated load.

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International Journal of Engineering Science and Management, 2017

K.G.F or Kolar gold fields is a mining town in Bangarpet taluk, in the Kolar district of Karnatak... more K.G.F or Kolar gold fields is a mining town in Bangarpet taluk, in the Kolar district of Karnataka state, India. The
town was known for gold mining over a century. It was closed in 2001 because of low production of gold and being
uneconomical. Mining is one of the main sources of heavy metal pollution in the environment. It is a well-known fact that
because of mining, there will be contamination of soil thereby creating environmental hazard. Some heavy metals both in
soil as well as water have been found in the samples. Heavy metals may lead to serious health effects including reduced
growth and development, cancer, organ damage and in extreme cases can also be fatal. Hence remediation is necessary for
the removal of heavy metals from soils
This paper is about monitoring the presence of heavy metal in K.G.F soil residue for bio-remediation. The main
objective of this paper is to evaluate the quantum of heavy metals and suggest remedial measures to remove the same. There
are many methods for removal of heavy metals from contaminated soil. In this paper Bio-remediation method which is an
inexpensive, safe, environment friendly technology and harmless end products has been presented.

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International Journal of Engineering Science and Management, 2017

Water scarcity has rightly occupied a prime concern due to migration of population from rural to ... more Water scarcity has rightly occupied a prime concern due to migration of population from rural to urban areas. The all important resource for sustenance of life is depleting at all levels, ie., above and below ground surface and needs to be properly managed to make it more sustainable and available for future generations. The use of water, which has been segregated based on its type of utilisation, has to be recycled and used for certain purposes. Over 70% of population across the globe is unable to get access to drinking water. These aspects initiate the significance of design the economical treatment plants. Vidya Vikas Institute of Engineering and Technology (VVIET), is located at Alanahalli midway, (12 0 18 ' 13.3 '' N 76 0 42 ' 36.9 " E) between Mysore and Malavalli, having wide educational units starting from School to Master Degree which educates around 4000 students every year. The campus is about 65 acres where half of the campus is filled with green patches and lawn. There will be scarcity for water in campus during the early summer season itself due to less ground water availability. Keeping this in mind, reuse of water is suggested by adopting Sewage Treatment Plant for the Girl's hostel which provides water for gardening and other recreational purposes. A study on domestic wastewater characterization has been performed followed by the design of sewage treatment plant. The present study involves the analysis of pH value, Total Dissolved Solids, Hardness, COD, BOD, DO, Nitrates, Sulphates, Turbidity. 39 The study was conducted for the primary, secondary and tertiary treatment and management of sewage generated in VVIET Girl's hostel, a sewage treatment plant was designed. The total sewage generated in one day was estimated to be 25 KLD, The various components of primary sewage treatment plant viz., screening chamber, Equalization and grit cum skimming tank, settling tank, modified activated sludge tank, flash mixer and clari-flocculator, rough composite filter, disinfection unit, sludge digester and sludge drying bed were designed considering the various standards and permissible limits of treated sewage water. It was recommended that the treated water will be supplied for flushing of WC, curing and gardening purpose and the remaining sludge after treatment will be used as manure. The use of treated water will overcome the scarcity of ground water within the campus and additionally the treated sludge will be very useful for increasing the fertility of soil. We are silently but surely heading towards "water shock" which will dwarf any oil crisis, because in the last two decades for the first time in the human history more water is being taken out across the globe than what Nature is putting in. Wastewater is used water, comprising of substances such as human waste, food scraps, oils, soaps, chemicals, domestic wastes. Businesses and industries also contribute their share of used water/wastewater in addition to storm runoff burdened with harmful substances via run off from roads, parking lots and rooftops and this can harm our fresh water systems. Even though, nature has an amazing ability to cope with certain amounts of contaminants, there is a necessity to treat the billion gallons of wastewater and sewage generated daily by homes, industries, and business establishments before releasing it back to the environment (Ravi Kumar P et.al, 2010). Degradation of water quality is the unfavourable alteration in chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water that prevents domestic, commercial, industry, agricultural, and other beneficial uses of water. Sewage treatment plant is facility designed to receive the waste from domestic, industrial and commercial sources and to remove materials that damage water quality and compromise public health. Sewage is mainly composed of human fecal material, domestic wastes including wash-water and industrial wastes (S Ramya et.al, 2015). Currently, the interest in wastewater reuse in various parts of the world has promoted the development of wastewater and secondary effluent treatment technologies. The main purpose of wastewater treatment is to prevent pollution of the receiving watercourse, and to protect human health and the environment. The reuse of reclaimed wastewater is an international practice. Due to the more and more pronounced water deficit, the reuse of wastewater in the Middle East countries is part of the strategy for the conservation and development of water resources. Therefore, the investigation of the characteristics of the reclaimed wastewater is necessary for evaluating its suitability for reuse (Al-Zboon, Kamel et.al, 2008). Wastewater or sewage treatment is one such alternative, wherein many processes are designed and operated in order to mimic the natural treatment processes to reduce pollutant load to a level that nature can handle. In this regard, a detailed characterization of the incoming wastewater based on the characterization a sewage treatment units were designed for efficient treatment of sewage generated from the girl's hostel and to prepare a detailed quantity estimate and costing for the same was carried out.

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International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 2019

Mysuru district lies in the southern part of Karnataka (12° 18' 26'' North Latitude and 76° 38' 5... more Mysuru district lies in the southern part of Karnataka (12° 18' 26'' North Latitude and 76° 38' 59'' East Longitude). Presently the city is supplied with Cauvery river as source though sufficient quantum of bulk water is available, due to inadequate distribution network, the water distribution is not uniform wherein some areas getting excess and many areas receiving very less quantity of water supply. Mysuru district comprises of many lakes which can also be used as a source for distribution of water during periods of shortage. Research work aims to bring out the assessment of quality of lakes in Mysore; result shows that lakes are polluted due to the disposal of sewage or through the industrial effluents. Due to rapid increase in population, exponential industrialization and urbanization, etc. several water bodies, in and around Mysuru exposed to various forms of environmental degradations. This leads to aggregations of phytoplankton, macro algae and occasionally colourless heterotrophic protists can discolour the water giving rise to foam. Due to this, there is reduction in DO (Dissolved Oxygen) level which ultimately disturbs the ecological balance of the lake and finally leads to eutrophication in water bodies. In the present work, the Kukkarahalli Lake, Karanji Lake, Dalvoy Lake situated in different locations in Mysuru, Karnataka, India has been selected as case study and its physico-chemical water quality parameters have been analysed. The results show fluctuation of the values. This study reveals the current status of the all the above mentioned three Lakes in terms of water quality and thereby suggestions are listed to improve the quality by eco remediation measures.

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International Journal of Engineering science and management, 2017

Solid waste management is one of the basic essential services provided by municipal authorities i... more Solid waste management is one of the basic essential services provided by municipal authorities in the country to
keep urban centers clean. Solid Waste management practices are not uniform among countries (developed and developing
nation), regions (urban and rural) and sectors (residential and industrial). The management of solid waste typically involves
its collection, transport, processing and recycling or disposal.
The present study is taken to understand the updated technologies adopted by Mysuru City Corporation to
minimize the harmful effects of Municipal solid waste.
A detailed investigation is made regarding the methods and practices associated with sources, quantity generated,
collection, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of Municipal solid waste in Mysuru city.
The data concerning to Solid waste management in Mysuru was obtained through questionnaire, individual field
visit, interaction with people and referring to available records of municipal corporation. Photographic evidences were also
made about generation, storage, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of Municipal Solid Waste.

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International Journal of Engineering Science and Management, 2018

Biodiesel has become a key source as a substitute fuel and is rightly getting its significance as... more Biodiesel has become a key source as a substitute fuel and is rightly getting its significance as a key future renewable energy source. As an alternative fuel for diesel engines, it is becoming increasingly important due to diminishing petroleum reserves and the environmental consequences of exhaust gases from petroleum-fuelled engines. Further it also helps in countries economy as it depends on reserve financial exchange. Biodiesel is an alternative to conventional diesel fuel made from renewable resources, such as non-edible vegetable oils. The oil from seeds (e.g., Jatropha, Milletia Pinnatta etc) can be converted to a fuel commonly referred to as "Biodiesel". In this research work, the seed Milletia Pinnatta is being used to extract the biodiesel. No engine modifications are required to use biodiesel in place of petroleum-based diesel. Biodiesel can be mixed with petroleum-based diesel in any proportion. The use of biodiesel resulted in lower emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. The fuel consumption in the world particularly in developing countries has been growing at alarming rate. Petroleum prices approaching record highs and depleting source within few years, it is clear that more focus can be done to utilize domestic non-edible oils while enhancing our energy security. The economic benefits include support to the agriculture sector, tremendous employment opportunities in plantation and processing. This paper reviews the Cost and performance analysis of Bio-Diesel using the seed Millettia Pinnata and estimate Calorific Value and Viscosity of Bio-Diesel.

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INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IRJET), 2020

An experimental study is done for diary wastewater treatment using low cost adsorbent. The orange... more An experimental study is done for diary wastewater treatment using low cost adsorbent. The orange peels are adsorbent used in the present Study, the effect of pH, time of contact, adsorbent dosage, in removal of contaminants present in diary wastewater is evaluated. Experiments are conducted for different dosages using water bath shaker with slow mixing Contact time. The present study examines the use of eco-friendly adsorbent like Orange peels which is basically the discarded fruit wastes and is readily available in the market as a source for the treatment of dairy waste-water for various parameters like pH, TDS, TSS, BOD, COD, sulphates, Chlorides & Turbidity with different percentages of dosage of adsorbents so as to determine the efficiency & degree of impurity removed from the waste-water. Results showed that the pH is reduced from 8.4 to 6.2, The BOD & COD removal is observed to be 70.79% & 74.58% respectively. Turbidity and sulphates removal is observed to be 35.53% and 47.61% respectively. There is a superficial increase in the chloride and total suspended solids level by 36.47% and 80.66% respectively. Total dissolved solids removal is observed to be 86.86%. The concept of utilizing Orange peels has proved to optimize the quantity of waste in dairy wastewater and an effective, Economical & a sustainable method to treat the dairy wastewater.

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INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IRJET) , 2020

Flow measurement is an exciting and interesting topic in fluid mechanics which is extremely impor... more Flow measurement is an exciting and interesting topic in fluid mechanics which is extremely important and of late is gaining much importance due to mismanagement and its over-usage. In particular, water is an important and irrecoverable and irreplaceable resource, practically and absolutely required for sustainability of all living beings. Even the ground water has been overused resulting in its scarcity and the available quantity of water needs to be managed resourcefully which implies that the fluid needs to be measured. Assuming water to be nearly an ideal fluid, most of the researchers have used various methods to measure water in closed conduits and open channels. Most of it to be accurate is intrusive like weirs; notches etc. and few are non-intrusive devices like measuring flumes like Partial-flumes, Venturi-flumes, standing-wave flumes etc. The energy loss in these flow measuring devices is also relatively less. This paper is based on review of essential literature based on flow measurements in open channel and documenting the significance of the proposed research so that it could be a repository in the present field for researchers.

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International Journal of Engineering Science and management, 2017

The rising pressure of population together with the constantly changing technologies and developm... more The rising pressure of population together with the constantly changing technologies and development has contributed to
the ever increasing volume of wastes in different forms. Unhygienic environment and solid waste accumulation coincides
with mosquito breeding which causes, the spread of most epidemics. The best example is the present rampant spread of
Dengue and Viral fever across Mysuru. As an environmental package, the disposal of varied solid waste generated from
different sources, such as household markets, commercial areas, slaughter houses, hospitals and industries, makes it more
difficult and challenging. In the present work, Mysuru city has been considered as the study area which has been declared as
one of the smart cities in India. It was seen that during the year 2017, Mysuru city (Karnataka, India) alone contributed
around 402 MT/Day of solid waste from the present population of 9, 38,386 lakhs. The Mysuru City Corporation is
responsible for 65 wards which have set up 9 major solid waste collection units where the waste gets segregated based on
the material and recycling of some of the plastics. The aim of this work is to highlight the importance of zero waste
management and to bring in-sustainability aspects relating to waste disposal. As a result, the present study is aligned with
treating the issues related to waste management in the city along with understanding the present scenario and prediction of
quantity of waste that could be generated in future years which pose a serious threat to our society and eco-system. The
95
future population for two decades (based on 2011 population census) has been predicted by means of arithmetic increase
method and its subsequent solid waste that would be generated has been estimated analytically. The results have shown that
by the end of 2021, the population will be 10, 36, 755 lakhs with 451.11MT/Day of solid waste generated and by the end of
2031, around 519.147MT/Day of waste would be generated for a population of 11, 79,909 lakhs. An action plan has been
devised to mitigate this serious issue which consists of 2 or 3 compost plant of each 200 tons per day capacity and 6 to 8
Biogas plants of capacity 1 ton per day in Zero waste Management.

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International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 2023

For the first time, a theoretical, validated by experimental investigation on the flow through in... more For the first time, a theoretical, validated by experimental investigation on the flow through inward trapezoidal channel is done. A near-linear depth-discharge relationship is obtained by optimization such that the computed discharge is well within 2% deviation from the corresponding theoretical values. It is found that the linear relationship for practical and theoretical are given for z1 = 0.095 and z2 =0.123, respectively are QLa = 2.1725y-0.3159, QLt = 2.0171y-0.1937 and QLa = 2.02y-0.2027, QLt = 2.0171y-0.1937. A geometrically simple flume which can be constructed or existing flume can be modified on-site with straight sides in the shape of inward trapezoidal shape has been theoretically analyzed, graphically and experimentally validated. It is shown that it can be used for normal flows as a near-linear flow measuring device. The flow in the new device is shown to vary linearly with respect to the flow depth valid within a pre-defined range of depth within prefixed error of deviation from the theoretical discharge. The significance is the shift is from measurement of discharge through computations to direct reading and auto-recording of the discharge with a piezometer or a float-regulated device.

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International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management, 2023

An experimental investigation was carried out for the treatment of sewage wastewater using low co... more An experimental investigation was carried out for the treatment of sewage wastewater using low cost adsorbent. The fly ash and wood ash were used as adsorbent in this Study. Experiments were conducted on a filter media that was prepared with pebbles, sand, flyash and wood ash with 12cm thickness, characterized and used for the removal of impurities. The physico-chemical properties of waste-water before and after treatment were examined. The present study investigates that successful use of low cost adsorbent like flyash and wood ash which are basically the discarded wastes from incineration or combustion from power plants and are readily available in the market as a source for the treatment of waste-water for various parameters like pH, TDS, TSS, BOD, COD & Turbidity. The results showed that the pH was reduced to 7.3 and 8.5for fly ash and wood ash from 9.2, The BOD and CODremoval was observed to be 71.52%, 65.42% and 81.42%, 56.93% for fly ash and wood ash respectively. TDS and TSS removal was observed to be 86.25%, 83.75 % and 93.58%, 92.15%for fly ash and wood respectively. There was a superficial increase in the Turbidity level by 91.64% and 85.36% for fly ash and wood ash respectively. The concept of utilizing fly ash and wood ash has proved to optimize the quantity of impurities in wastewater and an effective, Economical method to treat the wastewater.

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Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 2023

The discharge-depth relationships in regular channels have been rarely investigated to make it mo... more The discharge-depth relationships in regular channels have been rarely investigated to make it more useful flow measuring devices. The authors, for the first time, have proposed a theoretical investigation on the flow in open rectangular channel and it is found that even in rectangular channel, it is possible to get a near linear depth-discharge relationship. In this paper, the flow parameters are determined through a new general optimization procedure presented. It is found that the near linear depth-discharge relationship is valid from YA(b) to YB(b), within a deviation of ±2 percent error, where b is the half base width of the channel. The proposed linear equation is given by = (−) √ 3 2 ⁄ , where is the discharge in the channel, y is the flow depth, C is Chezzy's Constant and S is the channel bed slope. Chezzy's C can also be substituted by Manning's n by the simple equation = 1 1 6 ⁄ , where R the Hydraulic mean radius could be computed as = , a being the cross-sectional area of flow and P the wetted perimeter. The significance of proposed research is that, the shift is from measurement of discharge through computations to direct reading of the discharge with a piezometer.

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International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology, 2023

Discharge measurement in an open channel within a prefixed degree of accuracy with least compromi... more Discharge measurement in an open channel within a prefixed degree of accuracy with least compromise on the head of flowing liquid is a challenging task. Sharp crested and broad crested weirs have been tried and investigated to the maximum extent and have not been popularly used in the field due to its intrusive nature which reduces the fluid head. Further, discharge measuring flumes like Venturi-flume, Standing-wave-flume have been successfully used with least disturbance in flow. However, the accuracy of flow depends on the fabrication. In addition, the

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GIS SCIENCE JOURNAL, 2023

An Open channel is a medium to convey liquid from one point to other with a free surface under at... more An Open channel is a medium to convey liquid from one point to other with a free surface under atmospheric pressure. The free surface is actually an interface between the moving liquid and an overlying fluid medium (usually air) and will have constant pressure (usually atmospheric pressure). In Irrigation Engineering, channels are referred to as Open Channels, which carry water from stored place like reservoirs or tanks to the destination like agricultural fields. India being developing country needs to focus more on efficient water management, which implies that flow measurement, becomes an integral part. There are several methods to measure flow but most of it is intrusive and there are non-intrusive devices which are measuring flumes like Partial-flumes, Venturi-flumes, Standing-wave flumes etc. The energy loss in these flow measuring flumes is also relatively less. However, the actual measurement part is complicated and the farmers who are mostly illiterate cannot understand the computational part. In this paper, a rectangular channel in the form of geometrically simple flume which can be practically found constructed in the field, has been theoretically and experimentally analyzed in a laboratory model. To find the roughness of the channel experiments were conducted on flow through rectangular channels. For the first time in flow measurement, it was found that the flow beyond threshold depth followed linear relationship between discharge and depth of flow. Further, investigation into this leads us to new investigation which will be extremely helpful in assessing the discharge in channels without any modification and the same has been presented. To ascertain that, the explored linear depth-discharge relationship is independent of geometric dimensions of the channel and roughness coefficient of the channel, experiments were conducted and the results were analysed with two different channels, one of concrete (having higher roughness coefficient) and other Perspex-glass (relatively smooth roughness coefficient). In both the cases linear relationship remains unaltered. It is shown that rectangular channels can be used for normal flows as linear flow measuring device. The flow in the rectangular channel is shown to vary linearly with respect to the flow depth valid within a pre-defined range of depth within prefixed error of deviation from the theoretical discharge.

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International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology, 2023

The manhole detection and monitoring system presented in this project aim to develop a reliable a... more The manhole detection and monitoring system presented in this project aim to develop a reliable and efficient solution for detecting and monitoring manholes in urban areas. The system utilizes advanced technologies, including sensors, communication modules, and data analytics, to improve the maintenance and safety of manholes. The system consists of multiple components, including float switch sensors, Arduino uno and sim 800C. The float switch is designed to detect the status of maximum level of sewer. The control system receives and processes the data, applying data analytics algorithms to identify potential issues in real time. In summary, the manhole detection and monitoring system provide an intelligent solution for enhancing the maintenance and safety of manholes in urban areas and rural areas.

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International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology, 2023

Many safety issues can arise during the long operation time of dams because of various internal a... more Many safety issues can arise during the long operation time of dams because of various internal and external factors, among which dam leakage problems happen frequently. Dam leakage not only affects the normal functions of a dam, such as power generation, water supply, and irrigation, but also weakens the flood control ability of the structure and increases the risk of dam failure. The Main objective of the study is to identify the leakages in dam using water sensor, which alerts the authority regarding the leakage of the dam. A prototype model has been developed and installed with a water sensor which detects the minute water leakage and alerts the authority with the beep sound. Further cost analysis has been estimated and the approximate cost for smaller height of Dam it may cost around Twenty Lakh Rupees, for medium height Dam it may cost around Thirty-Four Lakh Rupees, and for larger height of Dam it may cost around Sixty-Six Lakh Rupees. The major advantages of project include leakage identification without any inspection and prevent the further damage that is likely to occur. It also monitors structural health and ensure structural safety which avoid Loss of Water in reservoir, to alert the Authority regarding the leakages and help them to resolve the issues as early as possible.

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Proceedings of National Web Conference on Challenges and Innovation in Engineering & Technology 2021 (NWCCIET-2021), March 19th & 20th, 2021, 2021

Discharge measurement in an open channel is within a prefixed degree of accuracy withleast compro... more Discharge measurement in an open channel is within a prefixed
degree of accuracy withleast compromise on the head
of flowing liquid is a challenging task. In the present
investigations, analysis of flow through the inward
trapezoidal channel (ITC) is done based on experimental
investigations. The flow through the 30o apex angle of inward
side slopes working under relative heads is analysed and the
mathematical discharge modelling for the flow through
inward trapezoidal channel (ITC) is presented. The relevance
of the present research carried out is highlighted with respect
to non-intrusive flow measurement. Experiments are carried
for flow through symmetrical inward trapezoidal channel
(ITC) with sides inclined at 60o with the horizontal (Apex
angle 30o). The discharge for the inward trapezoidal channel
(ITC) is found to vary within two percentage deviation from
the mean value. The experimental head-discharge plot also
indicates the validity of the research work with most of the
experimental values falling on the established equation for
the flow through (30o Apex angle) linear inverted trapezoidal
channel.

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) , 2015

Energy is the lifeblood of today's society and economy. Traditional fossil energy sources such as... more Energy is the lifeblood of today's society and economy. Traditional fossil energy sources such as oil are ultimately limited and the growing gap between increasing demand and shrinking supply will, in the not too distant future, have to be met increasingly from an alternative primary energy source. One excellent source of energy is biogas. Biogas is a fuel which is produced from the breakdown of organic matter. Methane is the main component of natural gas, is also an important greenhouse gas and is a major contributor to the global warming problem. Fuel cells generate electricity by an electrochemical reaction in which oxygen and a hydrogen-rich fuel combine to form water. Unlike internal combusted, the energy instead being released electrocatalyically. This allows fuel cell to be highly energy efficient and even higher efficiency can be gained with cogeneration. A typical fuel cell produces a voltage from 0.6-0.8 V at full rated load. Fuel cells can be developed for portable electronic device.

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 2020

Energy is the means of support of today's society and economy. Traditional fossil energy sources ... more Energy is the means of support of today's society and economy. Traditional fossil energy sources such as oil are ultimately limited and the growing gap between increasing demand and shrinking supply will have to be met increasingly from an alternative primary energy source. With the increasing petroleum prices, rupee-dollar exchange cost and depleting foreign exchange reserves, one of the excellent sources of energy is biogas. Biogas is a fuel which is produced from the breakdown of organic matter. This research work focusses on the design and estimation of biogas production from the food waste collected from a canteen in Vidya Vikas Institute of Engineering and Technology (VVIET), Mysuru and also the focal point is on the theoretical estimation of biogas which is an initial step towards establishing a biogas plant at the backyard of the canteen. A model has been designed for the VVIET canteen wherein waste can be effectively used and the energy produced can be efficiently used within the campus. Methane is the main component of natural gas which is also an important greenhouse gas and is a major contributor to the global warming problem. With this background an initiative is taken to produce power from waste by using Fuel cells which generate electricity by an electrochemical reaction in which oxygen and a hydrogen-rich fuel combine to form water. This allows fuel cell to be highly energy efficient and even higher efficiency can be gained with cogeneration. A typical fuel cell produces a voltage from 0.6-0.8 V at full rated load.

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International Journal of Engineering Science and Management, 2017

K.G.F or Kolar gold fields is a mining town in Bangarpet taluk, in the Kolar district of Karnatak... more K.G.F or Kolar gold fields is a mining town in Bangarpet taluk, in the Kolar district of Karnataka state, India. The
town was known for gold mining over a century. It was closed in 2001 because of low production of gold and being
uneconomical. Mining is one of the main sources of heavy metal pollution in the environment. It is a well-known fact that
because of mining, there will be contamination of soil thereby creating environmental hazard. Some heavy metals both in
soil as well as water have been found in the samples. Heavy metals may lead to serious health effects including reduced
growth and development, cancer, organ damage and in extreme cases can also be fatal. Hence remediation is necessary for
the removal of heavy metals from soils
This paper is about monitoring the presence of heavy metal in K.G.F soil residue for bio-remediation. The main
objective of this paper is to evaluate the quantum of heavy metals and suggest remedial measures to remove the same. There
are many methods for removal of heavy metals from contaminated soil. In this paper Bio-remediation method which is an
inexpensive, safe, environment friendly technology and harmless end products has been presented.

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International Journal of Engineering Science and Management, 2017

Water scarcity has rightly occupied a prime concern due to migration of population from rural to ... more Water scarcity has rightly occupied a prime concern due to migration of population from rural to urban areas. The all important resource for sustenance of life is depleting at all levels, ie., above and below ground surface and needs to be properly managed to make it more sustainable and available for future generations. The use of water, which has been segregated based on its type of utilisation, has to be recycled and used for certain purposes. Over 70% of population across the globe is unable to get access to drinking water. These aspects initiate the significance of design the economical treatment plants. Vidya Vikas Institute of Engineering and Technology (VVIET), is located at Alanahalli midway, (12 0 18 ' 13.3 '' N 76 0 42 ' 36.9 " E) between Mysore and Malavalli, having wide educational units starting from School to Master Degree which educates around 4000 students every year. The campus is about 65 acres where half of the campus is filled with green patches and lawn. There will be scarcity for water in campus during the early summer season itself due to less ground water availability. Keeping this in mind, reuse of water is suggested by adopting Sewage Treatment Plant for the Girl's hostel which provides water for gardening and other recreational purposes. A study on domestic wastewater characterization has been performed followed by the design of sewage treatment plant. The present study involves the analysis of pH value, Total Dissolved Solids, Hardness, COD, BOD, DO, Nitrates, Sulphates, Turbidity. 39 The study was conducted for the primary, secondary and tertiary treatment and management of sewage generated in VVIET Girl's hostel, a sewage treatment plant was designed. The total sewage generated in one day was estimated to be 25 KLD, The various components of primary sewage treatment plant viz., screening chamber, Equalization and grit cum skimming tank, settling tank, modified activated sludge tank, flash mixer and clari-flocculator, rough composite filter, disinfection unit, sludge digester and sludge drying bed were designed considering the various standards and permissible limits of treated sewage water. It was recommended that the treated water will be supplied for flushing of WC, curing and gardening purpose and the remaining sludge after treatment will be used as manure. The use of treated water will overcome the scarcity of ground water within the campus and additionally the treated sludge will be very useful for increasing the fertility of soil. We are silently but surely heading towards "water shock" which will dwarf any oil crisis, because in the last two decades for the first time in the human history more water is being taken out across the globe than what Nature is putting in. Wastewater is used water, comprising of substances such as human waste, food scraps, oils, soaps, chemicals, domestic wastes. Businesses and industries also contribute their share of used water/wastewater in addition to storm runoff burdened with harmful substances via run off from roads, parking lots and rooftops and this can harm our fresh water systems. Even though, nature has an amazing ability to cope with certain amounts of contaminants, there is a necessity to treat the billion gallons of wastewater and sewage generated daily by homes, industries, and business establishments before releasing it back to the environment (Ravi Kumar P et.al, 2010). Degradation of water quality is the unfavourable alteration in chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water that prevents domestic, commercial, industry, agricultural, and other beneficial uses of water. Sewage treatment plant is facility designed to receive the waste from domestic, industrial and commercial sources and to remove materials that damage water quality and compromise public health. Sewage is mainly composed of human fecal material, domestic wastes including wash-water and industrial wastes (S Ramya et.al, 2015). Currently, the interest in wastewater reuse in various parts of the world has promoted the development of wastewater and secondary effluent treatment technologies. The main purpose of wastewater treatment is to prevent pollution of the receiving watercourse, and to protect human health and the environment. The reuse of reclaimed wastewater is an international practice. Due to the more and more pronounced water deficit, the reuse of wastewater in the Middle East countries is part of the strategy for the conservation and development of water resources. Therefore, the investigation of the characteristics of the reclaimed wastewater is necessary for evaluating its suitability for reuse (Al-Zboon, Kamel et.al, 2008). Wastewater or sewage treatment is one such alternative, wherein many processes are designed and operated in order to mimic the natural treatment processes to reduce pollutant load to a level that nature can handle. In this regard, a detailed characterization of the incoming wastewater based on the characterization a sewage treatment units were designed for efficient treatment of sewage generated from the girl's hostel and to prepare a detailed quantity estimate and costing for the same was carried out.

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International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 2019

Mysuru district lies in the southern part of Karnataka (12° 18' 26'' North Latitude and 76° 38' 5... more Mysuru district lies in the southern part of Karnataka (12° 18' 26'' North Latitude and 76° 38' 59'' East Longitude). Presently the city is supplied with Cauvery river as source though sufficient quantum of bulk water is available, due to inadequate distribution network, the water distribution is not uniform wherein some areas getting excess and many areas receiving very less quantity of water supply. Mysuru district comprises of many lakes which can also be used as a source for distribution of water during periods of shortage. Research work aims to bring out the assessment of quality of lakes in Mysore; result shows that lakes are polluted due to the disposal of sewage or through the industrial effluents. Due to rapid increase in population, exponential industrialization and urbanization, etc. several water bodies, in and around Mysuru exposed to various forms of environmental degradations. This leads to aggregations of phytoplankton, macro algae and occasionally colourless heterotrophic protists can discolour the water giving rise to foam. Due to this, there is reduction in DO (Dissolved Oxygen) level which ultimately disturbs the ecological balance of the lake and finally leads to eutrophication in water bodies. In the present work, the Kukkarahalli Lake, Karanji Lake, Dalvoy Lake situated in different locations in Mysuru, Karnataka, India has been selected as case study and its physico-chemical water quality parameters have been analysed. The results show fluctuation of the values. This study reveals the current status of the all the above mentioned three Lakes in terms of water quality and thereby suggestions are listed to improve the quality by eco remediation measures.

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International Journal of Engineering science and management, 2017

Solid waste management is one of the basic essential services provided by municipal authorities i... more Solid waste management is one of the basic essential services provided by municipal authorities in the country to
keep urban centers clean. Solid Waste management practices are not uniform among countries (developed and developing
nation), regions (urban and rural) and sectors (residential and industrial). The management of solid waste typically involves
its collection, transport, processing and recycling or disposal.
The present study is taken to understand the updated technologies adopted by Mysuru City Corporation to
minimize the harmful effects of Municipal solid waste.
A detailed investigation is made regarding the methods and practices associated with sources, quantity generated,
collection, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of Municipal solid waste in Mysuru city.
The data concerning to Solid waste management in Mysuru was obtained through questionnaire, individual field
visit, interaction with people and referring to available records of municipal corporation. Photographic evidences were also
made about generation, storage, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of Municipal Solid Waste.

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International Journal of Engineering Science and Management, 2018

Biodiesel has become a key source as a substitute fuel and is rightly getting its significance as... more Biodiesel has become a key source as a substitute fuel and is rightly getting its significance as a key future renewable energy source. As an alternative fuel for diesel engines, it is becoming increasingly important due to diminishing petroleum reserves and the environmental consequences of exhaust gases from petroleum-fuelled engines. Further it also helps in countries economy as it depends on reserve financial exchange. Biodiesel is an alternative to conventional diesel fuel made from renewable resources, such as non-edible vegetable oils. The oil from seeds (e.g., Jatropha, Milletia Pinnatta etc) can be converted to a fuel commonly referred to as "Biodiesel". In this research work, the seed Milletia Pinnatta is being used to extract the biodiesel. No engine modifications are required to use biodiesel in place of petroleum-based diesel. Biodiesel can be mixed with petroleum-based diesel in any proportion. The use of biodiesel resulted in lower emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. The fuel consumption in the world particularly in developing countries has been growing at alarming rate. Petroleum prices approaching record highs and depleting source within few years, it is clear that more focus can be done to utilize domestic non-edible oils while enhancing our energy security. The economic benefits include support to the agriculture sector, tremendous employment opportunities in plantation and processing. This paper reviews the Cost and performance analysis of Bio-Diesel using the seed Millettia Pinnata and estimate Calorific Value and Viscosity of Bio-Diesel.

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INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IRJET), 2020

An experimental study is done for diary wastewater treatment using low cost adsorbent. The orange... more An experimental study is done for diary wastewater treatment using low cost adsorbent. The orange peels are adsorbent used in the present Study, the effect of pH, time of contact, adsorbent dosage, in removal of contaminants present in diary wastewater is evaluated. Experiments are conducted for different dosages using water bath shaker with slow mixing Contact time. The present study examines the use of eco-friendly adsorbent like Orange peels which is basically the discarded fruit wastes and is readily available in the market as a source for the treatment of dairy waste-water for various parameters like pH, TDS, TSS, BOD, COD, sulphates, Chlorides & Turbidity with different percentages of dosage of adsorbents so as to determine the efficiency & degree of impurity removed from the waste-water. Results showed that the pH is reduced from 8.4 to 6.2, The BOD & COD removal is observed to be 70.79% & 74.58% respectively. Turbidity and sulphates removal is observed to be 35.53% and 47.61% respectively. There is a superficial increase in the chloride and total suspended solids level by 36.47% and 80.66% respectively. Total dissolved solids removal is observed to be 86.86%. The concept of utilizing Orange peels has proved to optimize the quantity of waste in dairy wastewater and an effective, Economical & a sustainable method to treat the dairy wastewater.

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INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IRJET) , 2020

Flow measurement is an exciting and interesting topic in fluid mechanics which is extremely impor... more Flow measurement is an exciting and interesting topic in fluid mechanics which is extremely important and of late is gaining much importance due to mismanagement and its over-usage. In particular, water is an important and irrecoverable and irreplaceable resource, practically and absolutely required for sustainability of all living beings. Even the ground water has been overused resulting in its scarcity and the available quantity of water needs to be managed resourcefully which implies that the fluid needs to be measured. Assuming water to be nearly an ideal fluid, most of the researchers have used various methods to measure water in closed conduits and open channels. Most of it to be accurate is intrusive like weirs; notches etc. and few are non-intrusive devices like measuring flumes like Partial-flumes, Venturi-flumes, standing-wave flumes etc. The energy loss in these flow measuring devices is also relatively less. This paper is based on review of essential literature based on flow measurements in open channel and documenting the significance of the proposed research so that it could be a repository in the present field for researchers.

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International Journal of Engineering Science and management, 2017

The rising pressure of population together with the constantly changing technologies and developm... more The rising pressure of population together with the constantly changing technologies and development has contributed to
the ever increasing volume of wastes in different forms. Unhygienic environment and solid waste accumulation coincides
with mosquito breeding which causes, the spread of most epidemics. The best example is the present rampant spread of
Dengue and Viral fever across Mysuru. As an environmental package, the disposal of varied solid waste generated from
different sources, such as household markets, commercial areas, slaughter houses, hospitals and industries, makes it more
difficult and challenging. In the present work, Mysuru city has been considered as the study area which has been declared as
one of the smart cities in India. It was seen that during the year 2017, Mysuru city (Karnataka, India) alone contributed
around 402 MT/Day of solid waste from the present population of 9, 38,386 lakhs. The Mysuru City Corporation is
responsible for 65 wards which have set up 9 major solid waste collection units where the waste gets segregated based on
the material and recycling of some of the plastics. The aim of this work is to highlight the importance of zero waste
management and to bring in-sustainability aspects relating to waste disposal. As a result, the present study is aligned with
treating the issues related to waste management in the city along with understanding the present scenario and prediction of
quantity of waste that could be generated in future years which pose a serious threat to our society and eco-system. The
95
future population for two decades (based on 2011 population census) has been predicted by means of arithmetic increase
method and its subsequent solid waste that would be generated has been estimated analytically. The results have shown that
by the end of 2021, the population will be 10, 36, 755 lakhs with 451.11MT/Day of solid waste generated and by the end of
2031, around 519.147MT/Day of waste would be generated for a population of 11, 79,909 lakhs. An action plan has been
devised to mitigate this serious issue which consists of 2 or 3 compost plant of each 200 tons per day capacity and 6 to 8
Biogas plants of capacity 1 ton per day in Zero waste Management.

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