joan Enabulele | University Of Benin,Benin City,Edo State Nigeria (original) (raw)

Papers by joan Enabulele

The Nigerian medical practitioner, 2018

Root-treated teeth remain susceptible to fractures and coronally-approaching infections, underpin... more Root-treated teeth remain susceptible to fractures and coronally-approaching infections, underpinning the need for temporary as well as definitive restoration of all such root-treated teeth. This study was designed to audit endodontic treatment plans and determine whether a temporary or definitive coronal restoration was incorporated and documented in the written treatment plan. This was a 2-year retrospective study of all case notes of patients who received endodontic treatment at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State Nigeria. Pre-treatment plans were assessed for the incorporation of coronal restorations, both temporary and definitive. All data collated were screened for completeness and analysed using IBM SPSS 21.0. The endodontic plans all had the type of endodontic treatment to be rendered and the tooth to be endodontically treated was indicated. However, 48.8% and 37.4% of the teeth to be treated had no temporary coronal restoration or definitive cor...

Nigerian Journal of Medical and Dental Education, Jul 5, 2021

Human Resources for Health

Introduction The “Global strategy on human resources for health: Workforce 2030” was adopted by t... more Introduction The “Global strategy on human resources for health: Workforce 2030” was adopted by the 69th World Health Assembly. Among its objectives is the strengthening of data on human resources for health, to inform evidence-based policy decisions. These data include the course completion and drop-out rates, to inform mechanisms that support recruitment and retention. Objective This paper sought to evaluate trends in course completion and drop-out rates of health workforce students. However, original data were only obtained for pre-service medical students, but no other health worker occupational groups. Methods A mixed method approach was employed to obtain data presented in this paper. A structured questionnaire was sent out to targeted medical training institutions, regulatory bodies, and National Medical Associations, supplemented by a web and literature search for existing studies or data reports. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 21.0 (Chicago, IL, USA) a...

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology, Jul 1, 2017

Introduction: Impacted third molars are the most frequently impacted teeth in humans and can pred... more Introduction: Impacted third molars are the most frequently impacted teeth in humans and can predispose the adjacent second molar to an array of detrimental effects such as caries, periodontitis and cervical resorption. The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of caries and cervical resorption on the adjacent second molar associated with impacted third molar. Materials and method: A prospective cross sectional study involving patients presenting with impacted third molar. Periapical radiographs were exposed using the paralleling technique. The type of impaction, extent of caries, presence of cervical resorption were collated. The impacted third molar was classified using the Winter's classification. Data was analysed using SPSS version 21.0. The analysis was done using frequency distribution, cross tabulations, test of significance with chi square. Result: A total of 122 participants with 150 impacted third molars were recruited for this study. Mandibular left third molar was the most frequently encountered impacted third molar (52.0%). Mesioangular impaction was the most common impaction encountered (50.7%). Less than half (44.7%) of the second molar adjacent to an impacted third molar had a carious lesion while only 4.7% of the second molars had associated cervical resorption. There was statistically significant association between the caries status of the second molar and type of impaction on the third molar with a higher tendency for mesioangular impaction to have associated caries on the second molar. Conclusion: Impacted third molar is associated with complications which manifest on the adjacent second molar.

Dental, oral and craniofacial research, 2019

Objective: To assess the prevalence and pattern of restorations on permanent molar teeth among ad... more Objective: To assess the prevalence and pattern of restorations on permanent molar teeth among adult dental patients. Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study involving patients who presented to the Restorative clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. The molars of the participants were examined and classified as restored, unrestored or missing. The restored molars were further examined for type of restoration and status of the restoration whether defective or not. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 21.0. Descriptive statistics was carried out on the generated data and chi square statistics was used to determine the statistically significant differences between variables. Results: A total of 708 molars in 54 participants were examined and classified as restored, unrestored or missing. Prevalence of restored molars was 12.0% while the prevalence of unrestored and missing molars was 83.8% and 4.2% respectively. A higher proportion of restored molars were seen in female participants (67.8%). There was a statistically significant association between the status of the molar and type of molar teeth (p=0.001), with the first molar being the most frequently restored molar (45.9%). The lower arch had a higher prevalence (13.6%) of restored molars. The most prevalent type of material used for restoration was amalgam (83.5%) while composite and gold crown restorations accounting for 1.2% each. Majority (81.1%) of the restorations were not defective. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of restored molars with the first molars being the most restored molars and amalgam the most frequent restoration placed.

Journal of education and ethics in dentistry, 2013

Journal of dentistry, oral disorders & therapy, 2017

Gender specific trajectories have been observed in the relationship between the growing jaws and ... more Gender specific trajectories have been observed in the relationship between the growing jaws and tooth eruption complex [13]. Giving this fact, it is important that gender variations associated with impacted teeth be understood.

Appearance has become an important issue in our modern society and more so among young adults wit... more Appearance has become an important issue in our modern society and more so among young adults with loss of anterior teeth influencing a person's smile and facial attractiveness. The aim of this study was to determine the socio-demographic determinants of anterior tooth loss as well as evaluate the pattern of anterior tooth loss and reason for loss of anterior teeth among young adults. This was a one-year retrospective study of patients within the ages 20 to 40 years who visited a dental outpatient clinic. A total of 2,794 case notes of patients aged between 20 and 40 years were retrieved for this study. A prevalence rate of 14.1% was observed for missing anterior teeth. The odds of having anterior tooth loss were 2.19 times higher when the young adult is a male. With regards to occupation; the odds of having anterior tooth loss were 0.41 times higher when the young adult is unemployed/student and 2.6 times higher when a semi-skilled than a professional. With a year increase in a...

Objective: To evaluate the effect of oral health education on oral health attitude and behaviours... more Objective: To evaluate the effect of oral health education on oral health attitude and behaviours of dental students using the Hiroshima University-Dental Inventory (HU-DBI) and compare the findings with those obtained from medical students. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study involving final year dental and medical students of the University of Benin. The research tool was a pre-tested modified HU-DBI survey consisting of 22 items,19 of which are primarily associated with oral health behaviour and the remaining 3 related to cigarette smoking habit. Parametric analysis in the form of independent T-test was applied to determine the difference in HU-DBI score of the two groups of students. Cross tabulations were used to report categorical variables and these are presented as counts and percentages. The Chi-square test was applied for comparing responses to the questions among the two groups of students with the level of significance set at p<0.05.Bonferroni's ...

The international journal of esthetic dentistry, 2019

OBJECTIVE Facial appearance has been found to have an important social and psychological effect o... more OBJECTIVE Facial appearance has been found to have an important social and psychological effect on the human personality. Hence, this cross-sectional analytic questionnaire-based study of dental patients assessed the satisfaction with dental appearance and personality traits among a group of dental patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The questionnaire sought information on the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants; satisfaction with teeth in general and with tooth color in particular; the presence of caries, tooth-colored fillings, and tooth fractures; and desired treatment to improve appearance. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to determine satisfaction with appearance, and the 10-item version of the Big Five personality inventory data was subjected to analysis in the form of frequency distribution, descriptive statistics, cross tabulations, chi-square, and logistic regression, with P set at 0.05. RESULTS Those participants not satisfied with their tooth color were l...

Background: The potentials of nanotechnology in the field of dentistry are enormous. This study e... more Background: The potentials of nanotechnology in the field of dentistry are enormous. This study evaluated the level of awareness and knowledge of a population of Nigerian dentists about nanodentistry. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of a population of Nigerian dentists. The study assessed the level of awareness regarding 6 different areas of dentistry where nanotechnology has been utilized and also assessed the knowledge of nanodentistry among the respondents. Results: Awareness of the use of nanotechnology in development of dental materials was highest among the respondents. Only 8.8% of the respondents were extremely aware that bottom-up approach and top-down approach are approaches to nanodentistry while those that were not at all aware about bottom-up approach and top-down approach as approaches to nanodentistry accounted for 39.7% respectively. A higher proportion (41.5%) of the respondents reported excellent level of knowledge (CI 27-9-41-5) while 38.2% had a good level of awareness regarding areas of dentistry where nanotechnology has been utilized (CI 27.9-48.9). Conclusion: The overall level of knowledge and awareness of nanodentistry among the study population was fair with the knowledge of its application in dental material science high. Continuous education on the applications of nanoparticles in all aspects of dentistry will go a long way to improve the knowledge and awareness of nanodentistry.

Borno Medical Journal, 2020

Background: Tooth loss is an indicator of the oral health status of the population. In developing... more Background: Tooth loss is an indicator of the oral health status of the population. In developing countries, missing tooth/teeth replacement constitutes a high unmet dental need. Missing tooth/teeth among undergraduate student is a cause for concern. Objective: This study was designed to assess the self-reported prevalence of missing teeth and unmet prosthetic needs among university undergraduate students. Methods: Data for the study was collected by means of a selfadministered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 3 sections: the first section sought demographic information, the second section consisted of 5 questions that tried to find out the missing teeth status of the respondents and the third section tried to find out prevalence of missing teeth and the unmet prosthetic needs of the respondents. Data obtained was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21.0. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and counts), cross-tabulations as well as Chi square were used to analyze the data. Result: More than half (64.1%) were females while 67.3% were between 16 and21 years of age. The prevalence of missing teeth among the respondents was 38.3% with missing anterior teeth making up 56.1%. Of the respondents who had missing teeth 60.5% had a form of replacement for their missing teeth bringing the unmet prosthetic need to 39.5%. There was a statistically significant association between tooth missing and replacement status with a higher proportion (66.3%) of anterior teeth being replaced. There was no statistically significant association between missing teeth and gender, age group, marital status, faculty of study and level of study. Conclusion: The prevalence of missing teeth and unmet prosthetic need was high, highlighting the need for oral health education and increased awareness of the possible prosthetic rehabilitation procedures available for replacing missing teeth.

European Journal of Dentistry, 2018

ABSTRACTObjectives: The objective was to assess the prevalence of all forms of dental fluorosis (... more ABSTRACTObjectives: The objective was to assess the prevalence of all forms of dental fluorosis (DF), the severity, and the request for treatment as a measure of the burden of the condition among adult patients seen at a tertiary health facility in an endemic region of Northeastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that collected required information using a questionnaire from adult dental patients followed by dental examination to assess for DF. Statistical Analysis Used: Associations between sociodemographic distributions (age and gender) and prevalence were analyzed on the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences using the Chi-square test. Analysis was done at 95% confidence interval and the level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Three hundred and twelve patients (41.7%) were diagnosed with DF among the patients who resided in the endemic region with a calculated Community Fluorosis Index of 0.62. The mean age of the a...

Objective: To evaluate the impact of different pedagogical techniques on the teaching of dental i... more Objective: To evaluate the impact of different pedagogical techniques on the teaching of dental implant. METHODOLOGY: This was a comparative study involving two classes of final year dental students. The two classes were taught dental implantology. The first class received only theory lectures while in addition to the theory lectures the second class received lecture supported videos. All data collected were entered into a computer and analysed using IBM Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0. Univariate and bivariate analyses were done. Independent sample t-test was used to test differences in mean between the classes and paired sample t-test was used to test differences in mean within the group. Statistical significance was set at 5%. RESULT: A total of 48 students (24 from each class) gave consent to participate in this study. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean knowledge scores between both classes prior to commencement of the study. However, there was statistically significant difference in the mean knowledge scores after the pedagogical intervention between both classes. There was also no statistically significant difference in the mean difference pre pedagogical intervention between the two classes. However, there was statistically significant difference in the mean knowledge scores pre and post pedagogical intervention within the two classes. CONCLUSION: Both didactic theory lectures alone and a combination of didactic theory lectures with supporting videos are good pedagogical techniques in the teaching of dental implantology. However, didactic theory lectures with supporting videos is a more effective pedagogical technique.

SRM Journal of Research in Dental Sciences, 2021

Background: Oral rehabilitation using removable dental prosthesis for patients with maxillofacial... more Background: Oral rehabilitation using removable dental prosthesis for patients with maxillofacial defects and missing teeth could pose a challenge while trying to achieve prosthetic treatment goals. It is important therefore to determine how complex the case is before proceeding with treatment. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the complexity of removable dental prosthesis at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria using the Restorative Index of Treatment Need (RIOTN) System. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of patients who sought for removable prostheses. Data were collated by means of an interviewer-administered question which collated data on biodemographic characteristics of the participant, indication for removable prosthesis, tooth to be replaced with removable prosthesis. Following a clinical examination, the RIOTN System was applied to assess the complexity of the treatment needed. Results: Ninety-eight adult patients with age ranging from 18 years to 90 years with a mean age of 45.17 ± 18.06 years participated in the study. Partial dentures were the most prevalent prostheses provided (91.8%). The most prevalent complexity grade recorded was Grade I (84.7%). There was a statistically significant association between complexity and Kennedy's class of saddle (P < 0.0001) as well as the type of support for the removable prosthesis (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The pattern of the complexity of treatment using removable dental prostheses was dependent on the type of prosthesis, teeth replaced, support, and saddle.

African Journal of Oral Health, Oct 20, 2017

with the treatment. Treatments which improve dental aesthetics have been found to improve quality... more with the treatment. Treatments which improve dental aesthetics have been found to improve quality of life and 8 psychological status. Patients who have interest in improving their dental appearance have been found to frequently demand for tooth whitening treatments, 9 anterior teeth restoration and orthodontic treatment. There may be possible differences in aesthetic perception between clinician and patient which could create problems during treatment if not properly 10 recognized. Clinicians must therefore be mindful of 11 their patient's desire to achieve favorable results as the overriding importance of psychological implications of dental aesthetics over physiological 1 2 changes have been demonstrated. Dental professionals have to be aware of the psychological triggers of treatment demands of the patients, the effect of dental appearance in patients' satisfaction, and subsequently the impact of this satisfaction in 13 treatment success. A United Kingdom report revealed that 28% of adults 11 were dissatisfied with the appearance of their teeth. Therefore understanding the prevalence of ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the satisfaction with dental appearance, desired treatments to improve dental appearance, and factors that affect satisfaction with dental appearance among a group of Nigerian dental patients. Methods: The data collection instrument was a modified questionnaire used in a previous study by Tin-Oo et al. It consisted of 3 sections: section 1 elicited information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, section 2 determined level of satisfaction with the general appearance of their teeth and tooth colour, section 3 sought information on desire to undergo treatments to improve the appearance of their teeth as well as the desired treatment. Data collected was analysed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: Less than half (45.1%) of the respondents were dissatisfied with the general appearance of their teeth. More than half (53.3%) of the respondents were dissatisfied with the colour of their teeth. A few (10.7%) of the respondents felt their teeth were crowded while 24.6% felt their teeth were poorly aligned. Majority (82.8%) wished to undergo treatment to improve the appearance of their teeth. A few (12.9%) of the respondents who desired treatment to improve the appearance of their teeth desired orthodontic treatment for realignment, while 15.8% desired treatment to replace missing teeth. More than half (67.3%) desired tooth whitening procedures to improve the appearance of their teeth. Conclusion: Tooth shade plays a vital role in self-perceived satisfaction with dental appearance. Tooth whitening was the most desired treatment to improve dental appearance.

African Health Sciences, Aug 1, 2022

Background: The perceptions and experiences of dentists from different specialties on the use of ... more Background: The perceptions and experiences of dentists from different specialties on the use of dental implant and its applications can be instrumental in its use exhaustively. Objectives: To determine the opinions and experiences of a population of Nigerian dentists towards dental implant. Methods: Data for the study were collated using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed the familiarity of the participants with various implant systems, their designs, sizes and loading as well as the provision of replacement for missing teeth. Result: The estimated functional life of an implant was reported to be less than 5 years by 2.5% of the respondents; 5 to 10 years by 11.3% of the respondents; 10 to 20 years by 26.3% and more than 20 years by 28.7% of the respondents while 31.3% had no idea about the estimated functional life of an implant. Exposure and experience with dental implants were low as only 30.0% of the respondents had attended any dental implant course/training with 95.0% of the respondents expressing the opinion that they did not have enough training in dental implantology. Conclusion: The exposure and experience with dental implants was low among the respondents.

Periodontics and prosthodontics, 2018

Background: Socio-demographic characteristics influencing the prevalence of dental restorations v... more Background: Socio-demographic characteristics influencing the prevalence of dental restorations varies from country to country, hence this study sought to evaluate the socio-demographic distribution of patients with fixed dental prosthesis at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Method: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of all patients who received fixed dental prosthesis over a 5year period. he data of interest retrieved from patients' records were demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, occupation), type of fixed prosthesis fabricated and teeth for which they were fabricated as well as indication for the provision of the fixed prostheses. Data collected was subjected to statistically analysis using IBM SPSS version 21.0. Results: A total of 256 patient records with the desired information were used for the study. The patients' age ranged from 18 to 83 years with a mean age of 38.86 ± 15.86 years. There was a decline in number of patients who received fixed prosthesis as age increased with those ≤ 30 years of age recording the highest frequency. Skilled workers accounted for the majority (35.2%) of the patients while dependent and professionals accounted for 32.0% and 22.7% respectively. More than half (52.0%) of the patients were married. A higher proportion of females had crowns provided for them while a higher proportion of males had fixed partial denture provided for them and this was statistically significant Conclusion: Fixed dental prosthesis is sought by patients with higher socioeconomic status and young adults with a higher prevalence of males demanding fixed partial denture and females, single crowns.

Saudi Endodontic Journal, May 1, 2021

Introduction: The complex anatomy of the root canal system, the challenging oral environment as w... more Introduction: The complex anatomy of the root canal system, the challenging oral environment as well as some patient factors tend to pose challenges to realizing endodontic treatment goals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the complexity of root canal treatment using the Restorative Index of Treatment Need (RIOTN) system. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of patients who received endodontic treatment between May 2018 and July 2019. The data obtained were medical history, tooth for endodontic treatment, and clinical and radiographic findings. The RIOTN system was applied to grade the complexity of root canal treatment. All data garnered were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS software. Results: The sample population consisted of 114 patients with 124 root-treated teeth. In all, 12.9% of the teeth were graded as complexity Grade 3, 14.5% as Grade 2, and 72.6% as Grade 1. Modifying factors were present in 13.7% of the teeth, with the most prevalent modifying factor being endodontic re-treatment. There was no statistically significant association between number of roots of the teeth and complexity grade (P = 0.57). Conclusion: It is important to grade the complexity of teeth in order to predict the prognosis of treatment and decide whether it is within one's proficiency.

Annals of Biomedical Sciences, 2014

Introduction : Several studies have focused on the prevalence and pattern of trauma to the anteri... more Introduction : Several studies have focused on the prevalence and pattern of trauma to the anterior teeth with a paucity of data in relation to gender. Since the physiological and psychological make-up of the males and females are different the aetiology and pattern of traumatized teeth may also be different. The objective of this study was to determine the differences in aetiology and pattern of traumatized anterior teeth between male and female adults. Materials and Methods : This study was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional study among adult patients with traumatized anterior teeth presenting at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Data collected was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17.0. The data was subjected to descriptive analysis independent t-test, cross tabulations and test of significance with chi square. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results : A total of 107 participants were recruited into this study with a male female ratio of 1:0.75. The commonest reason for seeking treatment among the females was disfigured teeth and in males was pain. Motor bike accidents were the commonest aetiology reported by both gender; this was followed by falls in males and cracking of animal bones in females. More females had mandibular teeth injured while the males had more maxillary teeth injured. Conclusion : There is a difference in aetiology and pattern of traumatized anterior teeth between the male and female sex. Keywords : Gender, variation, traumatized, anterior teeth