Kayur Patel | University of Washington (original) (raw)

Papers by Kayur Patel

… , 2005. ICAC 2005. …, Jan 1, 2005

Web applications suffer from software and configuration faults that lower their availability. Rec... more Web applications suffer from software and configuration faults that lower their availability. Recovering from failure is dominated by the time interval between when these faults appear and when they are detected by site operators. We introduce a set of tools that augment the ability of operators to perceive the presence of failure: an automatic anomaly detector scours HTTP access logs to find changes in user behavior that are indicative of site failures, and a visualizer helps operators rapidly detect and diagnose problems. Visualization addresses a key question of autonomic computing of how to win operators' confidence so that new tools will be embraced. Evaluation performed using HTTP logs from Ebates.com demonstrates that these tools can enhance the detection of failure as well as shorten detection time. Our approach is application-generic and can be applied to any Web application without the need for instrumentation.

Proceedings of the 19th …, Jan 1, 2006

Navigation services (e.g., in-car navigation systems and online mapping sites) compute routes bet... more Navigation services (e.g., in-car navigation systems and online mapping sites) compute routes between two locations to help users navigate. However, these routes may direct users along an unfamiliar path when a familiar path exists, or, conversely, may include redundant information that the user already knows. These overly complicated directions increase the cognitive load of the user, which may lead to a dangerous driving environment. We have developed a system, called MyRoute, that reduces route complexity by creating user specific routes based on a priori knowledge of familiar routes and landmarks. MyRoute works by compressing well known steps into a single contextualized step and rerouting users along familiar routes.

… -Third Conference on …, Jan 1, 2008

The Intelligence in Wikipedia project at the University of Washington is combining self-supervise... more The Intelligence in Wikipedia project at the University of Washington is combining self-supervised information extraction (IE) techniques with a mixed initiative interface designed to encourage communal content creation (CCC). Since IE and CCC are each powerful ways to produce large amounts of structured information, they have been studied extensively -but only in isolation. By combining the two methods in a virtuous feedback cycle, we aim for substantial synergy. While previous papers have described the details of individual aspects of our endeavor , this report provides an overview of the project's progress and vision.

Media …, Jan 1, 2008

Virtual reality (VR) offers new possibilities for learning, specifically for training individuals... more Virtual reality (VR) offers new possibilities for learning, specifically for training individuals to perform physical movements such as physical therapy and exercise. The current article examines two aspects of VR that uniquely contribute to media interactivity: the ability to capture and review physical behavior and the ability to see one's avatar rendered in real time from third person points of view. In two studies, we utilized a state-of-the-art, image-based tele-immersive system, capable of tracking and rendering many degrees of freedom of human motion in real time. In Experiment 1, participants learned better in VR than in a video learning condition according to self-report measures, and the cause of the advantage was seeing one's avatar stereoscopically in the third person. In Experiment 2, we added a virtual mirror in the learning environment to further leverage the ability to see oneself from novel angles in real time. Participants learned better in VR than in video according to objective performance measures. Implications for learning via interactive digital media are discussed.

Proceedings of the …, Jan 1, 2009

Although existing work has explored both information extraction and community content creation, m... more Although existing work has explored both information extraction and community content creation, most research has focused on them in isolation. In contrast, we see the greatest leverage in the synergistic pairing of these methods as two interlocking feedback cycles. This paper explores the potential synergy promised if these cycles can be made to accelerate each other by exploiting the same edits to advance both community content creation and learning-based information extraction. We examine our proposed synergy in the context of Wikipedia infoboxes and the Kylin information extraction system. After developing and refining a set of interfaces to present the verification of Kylin extractions as a non-primary task in the context of Wikipedia articles, we develop an innovative use of Web search advertising services to study people engaged in some other primary task. We demonstrate our proposed synergy by analyzing our deployment from two complementary perspectives: (1) we show we accelerate community content creation by using Kylin's information extraction to significantly increase the likelihood that a person visiting a Wikipedia article as a part of some other primary task will spontaneously choose to help improve the article's infobox, and (2) we show we accelerate information extraction by using contributions collected from people interacting with our designs to significantly improve Kylin's extraction performance.

Proceedings of the 9th …, Jan 1, 2006

Fully immersive virtual settings are different from traditional virtual reality settings in that ... more Fully immersive virtual settings are different from traditional virtual reality settings in that they are able to capture full body motion. This ability allows people to use their full range of physical motion to interact with other avatars, computer controlled agents, and objects in the virtual environment. As such, fully immersive virtual reality presents a novel mediated learning environment in which people can learn physical activities. Capturing human motion for virtual settings has traditionally been a modelbased approach where a few degrees (on the order of tens) of freedom are mapped to virtual model. In contrast, we use an image-based solution that sacrifices visual fidelity for motion fidelity and increased degrees of freedom (on the order of hundreds). Due to the difficulties involved with building such an image-based immersive system, very little work has been done to assess the effectiveness of this form of mediated learning. In the current work, participants were taught several tai chi moves in either a 2D video system or a 3D immersive system equipped with features not possible to implement in traditional video systems. We demonstrated via blind coder ratings that people learned more in the immersive virtual reality system than in the 2D video system, and via self-report ratings the social presence was higher as well. We discuss these findings and the resulting implications for designing and testing fully immersive systems.

Computers in Human Behavior, Jan 1, 2008

Conversations are characterized by an interactional synchrony between verbal and nonverbal behavi... more Conversations are characterized by an interactional synchrony between verbal and nonverbal behaviors . Movement coordination in social interaction: some examples described. Acta Psychologica, 32(2), 101-125]. A subset of these contingent conversational behaviors is direct mimicry. During face to face interaction, people who mimic the verbal . Accommodation theory: Communication, context, and consequence. In Giles, H., Coupland, J., & Coupland, N. Contexts of accommodation. Developments in applied sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press] and nonverbal behaviors [Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). The chameleon effect: the perception-behavior link and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 893-910] gain social advantage. Most research examining mimicry behavior in interaction examines 'implicit mimicry' in which the mimicked individual is unaware of the behavior of the mimicker. In this paper, we examined how effective people were at explicitly detecting mimicking computer agents and the consequences of mimic detection in terms of social influence and interactional synchrony. In Experiment 1, participant pairs engaged in a ''one-degree of freedom'' Turing Test. When the computer agent mimicked them, users were significantly worse than chance at identifying the other human. In Experiment 2, participants were more likely to detect mimicry in an agent that mirror-mimicked their head movements (three degrees of freedom) than agents that either congruently mimicked their behaviors or mimicked those movements on another rotational axis. We discuss implications for theories of interactivity.

Proceeding of the twenty- …, Jan 1, 2008

As statistical machine learning algorithms and techniques continue to mature, many researchers an... more As statistical machine learning algorithms and techniques continue to mature, many researchers and developers see statistical machine learning not only as a topic of expert study, but also as a tool for software development. Extensive prior work has studied software development, but little prior work has studied software developers applying statistical machine learning. This paper presents interviews of eleven researchers experienced in applying statistical machine learning algorithms and techniques to human-computer interaction problems, as well as a study of ten participants working during a five-hour study to apply statistical machine learning algorithms and techniques to a realistic problem. We distill three related categories of difficulties that arise in applying statistical machine learning as a tool for software development: (1) difficulty pursuing statistical machine learning as an iterative and exploratory process, (2) difficulty understanding relationships between data and the behavior of statistical machine learning algorithms, and (3) difficulty evaluating the performance of statistical machine learning algorithms and techniques in the context of applications. This paper provides important new insight into these difficulties and the need for development tools that better support the application of statistical machine learning.

… and Automation, 2005. …, Jan 1, 2005

In this paper we propose an active control strategy for scanning laser sensors on autonomous vehi... more In this paper we propose an active control strategy for scanning laser sensors on autonomous vehicles traveling offroad at high speeds. As speed increases the amount of sensor information about the terrain decreases. We address the problem of sensor control in the context of this speed-coverage trade off. The algorithm and testing methodologies are described with results comparing our active sensing method to a passive sensing method.

Statistical machine learning continues to show promise as a tool for addressing complex problems ... more Statistical machine learning continues to show promise as a tool for addressing complex problems in a variety of domains. An increasing number of developers are therefore looking to use statistical machine learning algorithms within applications. We have conducted two initial studies examining the difficulties that developers encounter when creating a statistical machine learning component of a larger application. We first interviewed researchers with experience integrating statistical machine learning into applications. We then sought to directly observe and quantify some of the behavior described in our interviews using a laboratory study of developers attempting to build a simple application that uses statistical machine learning. This paper presents the difficulties we observed in our studies, discusses current challenges to developer adoption of statistical machine learning, and proposes potential approaches to better supporting developers creating statistical machine learning components of applications.