Armis Sadri | American University Washington College of Law (original) (raw)

Papers by Armis Sadri

International Criminal Court Bar Association (ICCBA - ABCPI), 2019

Human Rights Documents Online

In the past two decades, educated and highly skilled individuals have comprised a sizable portion... more In the past two decades, educated and highly skilled individuals have comprised a sizable portion of international migration, known colloquially as ‘brain drain,’ mostly from developing nations to developed countries. In the early 2000s, Iran’s student news agency, ISNA, reported that about 220,000 leading academics and industrialists had left Iran for Western countries. In 2014, the Minister of Science, Research and Technology noted that “Every year, about 150,000 highly talented people emigrate from Iran.” In its 1999 Annual Report, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) reported that the emigration of highly educated people from Iran cost the government $50 billion in foreign exchange currency. Of ninety-one developing and developed countries, the IMF noted that Iran suffered the highest loss of educated and skilled individuals. The IMF report also indicated that more than 420,000 Iranians with higher degrees reside in the United States, of which 250,000 were physicians and engineers.

Ecclesiastical Law Journal, 2015

The International Journal of Human Rights, 2019

The existence of an effective regional human rights system is of fundamental importance to the pr... more The existence of an effective regional human rights system is of fundamental importance to the promotion and protection of human rights, as it provides accessible mechanisms for protection of human rights once national remedies have been exhausted, and it strengthens states' responsibilities to respect and guarantee human rights. States tend to show more inclination to conform to regional initiatives than international ones, and this adds to the advantage of better enforceability to decisions of regional mechanisms over their international counterparts. This article identifies the major regional human rights protection systems, i.e. the African, the Inter-American and the European human rights systems as potential and established models to be considered by the League of Arab States (LAS) in moving forward with the creation of the Arab human rights system. The article examines the achievements and flaws of the current system and makes recommendations about effective change in the modality of LAS's relationship with civil society organisations by setting forth mechanisms and unambiguous criteria based on transparency to ensure a permanent relationship across all its bodies.

To What Extent Cultures and Traditions as Obstacles Can be Deterrent? Studying the Cases of Irani... more To What Extent Cultures and Traditions as Obstacles Can be Deterrent? Studying the Cases of Iranian Civil Code and Afghanistan’s Law on Eliminating Violence against Women (EVAW) One of the positive advantages of contemporary societies in comparison to the earlier periods is women’s relative progress in social, economic and legal spheres. Women are in the constant struggle with the dominant patriarchal system surrounding their daily lives. Iranian and Afghan women are not an exception in this journey. Domestic violence against women is a phenomenon that has been discussed for years and does not confine to a particular region, culture, society or continent, it happens daily in front of everyone’s eyes, as well as in any woman’s life without even realizing the inherent nature of those painful discriminations categorized as a form of violence. Unfortunately, violence against women is among the issues that due to the lack of authentic official statistics there is not enough accessible and reliable evidence. This mainly derives from the heavy cultural, social and religious burden on women to report the instances or the recognition of domestic violence as a private familial matter by government officials resulting in their indifferences to this problem. In the first section this paper tries to enumerate some of the social attitudes regarding the violence against women in the context of Iranian culture, elaborates the efforts taken before the revolution in order to enhance the women’s rights, as well as study the Iranian Civil Code and current legal enforcements to eliminate violence against women. In the last section, the cultural, social and traditional barriers impacting the legislation of Afghanistan’s law on Elimination of Violence against Women (EVAW) will be studied.

International Criminal Court Bar Association (ICCBA - ABCPI), 2019

As technology develops, new tools are continually being introduced that alter the nature and avai... more As technology develops, new tools are continually
being introduced that alter the nature and availability
of courtroom evidence. The 20th century has seen a
development from international awareness of
international crime and human rights violations to the
establishment of the International Criminal Court, and
an indisputable influence of social media on the
international discourse. Considering the especially
beneficial nature of the digital/open-source evidence,
the so-called open-source investigations are becoming
more and more popular in the International Criminal
Court (ICC). This article’s research
question goes as follows: to ensure the personal
dignity of parties in ICC’s criminal investigations and
prosecutions should it be the case that the higher the
burden, the less weight is given to digital/open-source
evidence?

Human Rights Review December 2017, Volume 18, Issue 4, pp 507–508, 2017

Darara Timotewas Gubo has written a highly useful book about one of the most contentious debates ... more Darara Timotewas Gubo has written a highly useful book about one of the most contentious debates confronting human rights advocates and scholars. In Blasphemy and Defamation of Religions in a Polarized World: How Religious Fundamentalism is Changing Fundamental Human Rights, the author contributes to the hot-button issue of religious freedom by enumerating the dissimilarities among different factors that shape conflicting claims in values, including perceptions of what constitutes the right to religious freedom and challenges to theories of universality and relativism. The book is particularly insightful because Gubo studies a diverse range of cases, including laws protecting religions from blasphemy and defamation in the context of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, as well as blasphemy laws within Europe.

The International Journal of Human Rights , 2019

The existence of an effective regional human rights system is of fundamental importance to the pr... more The existence of an effective regional human rights system is of fundamental importance to the promotion and protection of human rights, as it provides accessible mechanisms for protection of human rights once national remedies have been exhausted, and it strengthens states' responsibilities to respect and guarantee human rights. States tend to show more inclination to conform to regional initiatives than international ones, and this adds to the advantage of better enforceability to decisions of regional mechanisms over their international counterparts. This article identifies the major regional human rights protection systems, i.e. the African, the Inter-American and the European human rights systems as potential and established models to be considered by the League of Arab States (LAS) in moving forward with the creation of the Arab human rights system. The article examines the achievements and flaws of the current system and makes recommendations about effective change in the modality of LAS's relationship with civil society organisations by setting forth mechanisms and unambiguous criteria based on transparency to ensure a permanent relationship across all its bodies. ARTICLE HISTORY

In the past two decades, educated and highly skilled individuals have comprised a sizable portion... more In the past two decades, educated and highly skilled individuals have comprised a sizable portion of international migration, known colloquially as ‘brain drain,’ mostly from developing nations to developed countries. In the early 2000s, Iran’s student news agency, ISNA, reported that about 220,000 leading academics and industrialists had left Iran for Western countries. In 2014, the Minister of Science, Research and Technology noted that “Every year, about 150,000 highly talented people emigrate from Iran.” In its 1999 Annual Report, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) reported that the emigration of highly educated people from Iran cost the government $50 billion in foreign exchange currency. Of ninety-one developing and developed countries, the IMF noted that Iran suffered the highest loss of educated and skilled individuals. The IMF report also indicated that more than 420,000 Iranians with higher degrees reside in the United States, of which 250,000 were physicians and engineers.

International Criminal Court Bar Association (ICCBA - ABCPI), 2019

Human Rights Documents Online

In the past two decades, educated and highly skilled individuals have comprised a sizable portion... more In the past two decades, educated and highly skilled individuals have comprised a sizable portion of international migration, known colloquially as ‘brain drain,’ mostly from developing nations to developed countries. In the early 2000s, Iran’s student news agency, ISNA, reported that about 220,000 leading academics and industrialists had left Iran for Western countries. In 2014, the Minister of Science, Research and Technology noted that “Every year, about 150,000 highly talented people emigrate from Iran.” In its 1999 Annual Report, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) reported that the emigration of highly educated people from Iran cost the government $50 billion in foreign exchange currency. Of ninety-one developing and developed countries, the IMF noted that Iran suffered the highest loss of educated and skilled individuals. The IMF report also indicated that more than 420,000 Iranians with higher degrees reside in the United States, of which 250,000 were physicians and engineers.

Ecclesiastical Law Journal, 2015

The International Journal of Human Rights, 2019

The existence of an effective regional human rights system is of fundamental importance to the pr... more The existence of an effective regional human rights system is of fundamental importance to the promotion and protection of human rights, as it provides accessible mechanisms for protection of human rights once national remedies have been exhausted, and it strengthens states' responsibilities to respect and guarantee human rights. States tend to show more inclination to conform to regional initiatives than international ones, and this adds to the advantage of better enforceability to decisions of regional mechanisms over their international counterparts. This article identifies the major regional human rights protection systems, i.e. the African, the Inter-American and the European human rights systems as potential and established models to be considered by the League of Arab States (LAS) in moving forward with the creation of the Arab human rights system. The article examines the achievements and flaws of the current system and makes recommendations about effective change in the modality of LAS's relationship with civil society organisations by setting forth mechanisms and unambiguous criteria based on transparency to ensure a permanent relationship across all its bodies.

To What Extent Cultures and Traditions as Obstacles Can be Deterrent? Studying the Cases of Irani... more To What Extent Cultures and Traditions as Obstacles Can be Deterrent? Studying the Cases of Iranian Civil Code and Afghanistan’s Law on Eliminating Violence against Women (EVAW) One of the positive advantages of contemporary societies in comparison to the earlier periods is women’s relative progress in social, economic and legal spheres. Women are in the constant struggle with the dominant patriarchal system surrounding their daily lives. Iranian and Afghan women are not an exception in this journey. Domestic violence against women is a phenomenon that has been discussed for years and does not confine to a particular region, culture, society or continent, it happens daily in front of everyone’s eyes, as well as in any woman’s life without even realizing the inherent nature of those painful discriminations categorized as a form of violence. Unfortunately, violence against women is among the issues that due to the lack of authentic official statistics there is not enough accessible and reliable evidence. This mainly derives from the heavy cultural, social and religious burden on women to report the instances or the recognition of domestic violence as a private familial matter by government officials resulting in their indifferences to this problem. In the first section this paper tries to enumerate some of the social attitudes regarding the violence against women in the context of Iranian culture, elaborates the efforts taken before the revolution in order to enhance the women’s rights, as well as study the Iranian Civil Code and current legal enforcements to eliminate violence against women. In the last section, the cultural, social and traditional barriers impacting the legislation of Afghanistan’s law on Elimination of Violence against Women (EVAW) will be studied.

International Criminal Court Bar Association (ICCBA - ABCPI), 2019

As technology develops, new tools are continually being introduced that alter the nature and avai... more As technology develops, new tools are continually
being introduced that alter the nature and availability
of courtroom evidence. The 20th century has seen a
development from international awareness of
international crime and human rights violations to the
establishment of the International Criminal Court, and
an indisputable influence of social media on the
international discourse. Considering the especially
beneficial nature of the digital/open-source evidence,
the so-called open-source investigations are becoming
more and more popular in the International Criminal
Court (ICC). This article’s research
question goes as follows: to ensure the personal
dignity of parties in ICC’s criminal investigations and
prosecutions should it be the case that the higher the
burden, the less weight is given to digital/open-source
evidence?

Human Rights Review December 2017, Volume 18, Issue 4, pp 507–508, 2017

Darara Timotewas Gubo has written a highly useful book about one of the most contentious debates ... more Darara Timotewas Gubo has written a highly useful book about one of the most contentious debates confronting human rights advocates and scholars. In Blasphemy and Defamation of Religions in a Polarized World: How Religious Fundamentalism is Changing Fundamental Human Rights, the author contributes to the hot-button issue of religious freedom by enumerating the dissimilarities among different factors that shape conflicting claims in values, including perceptions of what constitutes the right to religious freedom and challenges to theories of universality and relativism. The book is particularly insightful because Gubo studies a diverse range of cases, including laws protecting religions from blasphemy and defamation in the context of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, as well as blasphemy laws within Europe.

The International Journal of Human Rights , 2019

The existence of an effective regional human rights system is of fundamental importance to the pr... more The existence of an effective regional human rights system is of fundamental importance to the promotion and protection of human rights, as it provides accessible mechanisms for protection of human rights once national remedies have been exhausted, and it strengthens states' responsibilities to respect and guarantee human rights. States tend to show more inclination to conform to regional initiatives than international ones, and this adds to the advantage of better enforceability to decisions of regional mechanisms over their international counterparts. This article identifies the major regional human rights protection systems, i.e. the African, the Inter-American and the European human rights systems as potential and established models to be considered by the League of Arab States (LAS) in moving forward with the creation of the Arab human rights system. The article examines the achievements and flaws of the current system and makes recommendations about effective change in the modality of LAS's relationship with civil society organisations by setting forth mechanisms and unambiguous criteria based on transparency to ensure a permanent relationship across all its bodies. ARTICLE HISTORY

In the past two decades, educated and highly skilled individuals have comprised a sizable portion... more In the past two decades, educated and highly skilled individuals have comprised a sizable portion of international migration, known colloquially as ‘brain drain,’ mostly from developing nations to developed countries. In the early 2000s, Iran’s student news agency, ISNA, reported that about 220,000 leading academics and industrialists had left Iran for Western countries. In 2014, the Minister of Science, Research and Technology noted that “Every year, about 150,000 highly talented people emigrate from Iran.” In its 1999 Annual Report, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) reported that the emigration of highly educated people from Iran cost the government $50 billion in foreign exchange currency. Of ninety-one developing and developed countries, the IMF noted that Iran suffered the highest loss of educated and skilled individuals. The IMF report also indicated that more than 420,000 Iranians with higher degrees reside in the United States, of which 250,000 were physicians and engineers.