MESOZOIC MAMMALS; Djadochtatherioidea, an internet directory (original) (raw)
PLEASE NOTE: THIS PROJECT IS NOT SCIENTIFIC. IT IS A HOBBY.
Djadochtatheria Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum, 1997 was proposed as a suborder of multituberculates. In the view of the authors, it�s a monophyletic group, which means that all members are the descendents of a common ancestor. At the time of writing, all but one of Mongolia�s Upper Cretaceous multituberculate mammals belong in it. The exception is Buginbaatar. Some unusually well preserved material is known. Unusually for multis, the diagnosis of genera and species can be made according to features of the skull. This is more usually dependent upon teeth.
Achtung! Subsequently, the suborder has been replaced by the superfamily Djadochtatherioidea Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum, 2001. It resides within the suborder Cimolodonta McKenna, 1975.
The family structure employed on this page has recently been updated, (see Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 42(2), 1997 and Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum (2001) Palaeontol. 44 389).
Links:
Mikko Haaramo's Djadochtatheria
Mikko Haaramo's Djadochtatheria
As always, an excellent place to begin.
T Mike Keesey, The Ages of the Mesozoic
http://dinosauricon.com/times/index.html
If you can�t tell your Campanian from your Maastrichtian, don�t worry. You can look them up here.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 42(2), 1997
http://www.paleo.pan.pl/acta/acta42-2.htm#KAIM
Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum (1997), Djadochtatheria: a new suborder of multituberculate mammals. APP 42(2), p 201-242.
A fairly complex abstract, and please don�t ask me what precisely Pee Wee and NONA programmes are; [P(arsimony) and I(mplied) We(ights)].
Further Reference: Kielan-Jaworowska, Novacek, Trofimov & Dashzeveg (2000), Mammals from the Mesozoic of Mongolia, in Benton, Shishkin, Unwin & Kurochkin (eds.), The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 573-626.
The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, 2000
http://uk.cambridge.org/earthsciences/catalogue/0521554764/
Blurb about the book, with a sample chapter on Permo-Triassic vertebrates in pdf format. Unfortunately, this is neither chapter 29 or 30. The first English language compilation of much Russian research. If the publishers would care to send a free copy, (it costs 95 quid), I�d be happy to say how wonderful it is.
Toby White, Palaeos: Allotheria
http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Units/Unit420/420.100.html
See Cimolodonta. With thanks for the further reference above.
Mammalia by ?
http://epp.eps.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~seicoro/bio/mammalia.html
This Japanese cladogramme is very large, recent and a great help with the systematics of multis.
A. Various djadochtatherids B. Sloanbaataridae C. Djadochtatheriidae
A. VARIOUS DJADOCHTATHERIDS
Taxon: within Djadochtatherioidea, (formerly Djadochtatheria Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum, 1997)
"Kryptobaatar, Djadochtatherium, Catopsbaatar, and Tombaatar form a clade, for which the family Djadochtatheriidae is proposed. Chulsanbaatar is the sister taxon of this clade. Bulganbaatar and Nemegtbaatar are the sister group of all other djadochtatherians.," (Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum, 1997).
Genera: Bulganbaatar, Chulsanbaatar, Nemegtbaatar, other reports
Time-Line:
Upper Cretaceous: Bulganbaatar, Chulsanbaatar, Nemegtbaatar
Genus: Bulganbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1974
| Species: | Bulganbaatar nemegtbaataroides Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1974 |
|---|---|
| Place: | Djadokhta Formation |
| Country: | Mongolia & Kazakhstan? |
| Age: | Upper Cretaceous |
| Remarks: | I�ve seen indications that there might be a second, unnamed species. |
| Reference: | Kielan-Jaworowska (1974), Multituberculate succession in the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert (Mongolia). Palaeontologica Polonica, 30, p.23-44. |
Genus: Chulsanbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1974
| Species: | Chulsanbaatar vulgaris Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1974 |
|---|---|
| Place: | Red Beds, Hermiin Tsav (aka Khermeen Tsav) |
| Country: | Mongolia |
| Age: | Campanian (late?), Upper Cretaceous |
| Remarks: | A multi midget with a 2cm skull. The jaw would fit on your fingertip, as the linked photo shows. Remarkably, it�s been possible to study the ear bones, which shows how well some of the fossils are preserved. Chulsanbaatar is now a resident of modern-day Warsaw, (eg. ZPAL MgM-1/84). There are a fair number of specimens in the collection, which doubtless accounts for the species name. Vulgaris = common. |
| Reference: | Kielan-Jaworowska (1974), Multituberculate succession in the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert (Mongolia). Palaeontologica Polonica, 30, p.23-44. |
Links:
Hurum JH
http://www.2dgf.dk/online/hurum.htm
Reconstruction of the petrosal in Late Cretaceous multituberculates (Mammalia).
A technical, yet interesting paper. The petrosal is part of the ear. "The long cochlear canal and well developed semicircular canals observed in the sectioned skulls of Nemegtbaatar and Chulsanbaatar, suggests close affinity of multituberculates to other mammals, and the thick ossified pila antotica suggests affinity to monotremes." That�s one way of looking at it. The affinities of multis are very much a continuing field of discussion.
The University of Oslo, Paleontological Museum
http://www.nhm.uio.no/palmus/galleri/montre/english/x562.htm
A cast specimen in the Oslo display cabinet.
The Prehistoric Data Files
http://www.angellis.net/Web/DFG-mam/Chulsanbaatar.htm
Time for some more artwork, courtesy of VRW.
Genus: Nemegtbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1974
'Nemegt hero'
| Species: | Nemegtbaatar gobiensis Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1974 |
|---|---|
| Place: | Nemegt Formation |
| Country: | Mongolia |
| Age: | Campanian (late?), Upper Cretaceous |
| Remarks: | "Compared to all extant mammals the braincase in Nemegtbaatar and Chulsanbaatar is primitive�" (Hurum, 1998). I cite this quotation for two reasons. Firstly, even I can understand what it means. Secondly, all extant mammals includes the monotremes such as the duck-billed platypus, despite its residual egg-laying habit. Nemegtbaatar was a fairly large member of the clan, with a skull length of up to 4,5cm. At least one specimen is in the Institute of Paleobiology collection of the Polish Academy of Science at Warsaw, (ZPAL MgM-1/76). See the link attached to Chulsanbaatar for insights concerning the inner ear, above. |
| Reference: | Kielan-Jaworowska (1974), Multituberculate succession in the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert (Mongolia). Palaeontologica Polonica, 30, p.23-44. |
Links:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 43(1), 1998
http://www.paleo.pan.pl/acta/acta43-1.htm#Hurum
Hurum (1998), The braincase of two Late Cretaceous Asian multituberculates studied by serial sections. APP 43(1), p 21-52. Another complex abstract.
T. rex of het einde van de dinosauri�rs
http://www.cdbeta.uu.nl/model/t_rex.shtml
The University of Utrecht invites you to consider the extinction of the dinosaurs, (in Dutch). They suggest N. weighed 500g, though I�ve no idea if that�s accurate. It�s in the Overlevingsmodellen. You can also zie afbeelding, (see a picture).
The University of Oslo, Paleontological Museum
http://www.nhm.uio.no/palmus/galleri/montre/english/x570.htm
A further photo of a cast specimen from Mongolia, via Norway. This could be strong evidence that Dr Kielan-Jaworowska spent a number of years working in Oslo.
Other reports:
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A. Various djadochtatherids B. Sloanbaataridae C. Djadochtatheriidae
Taxon: Sloanbaataridae Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1974
Reference: Kielan-Jaworowska (1974), Multituberculate succession in the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert (Mongolia). Palaeontologica Polonica, 30, p.23-44.
"Kamptobaatar, Sloanbaatar, and Nessovbaatar form a separate clade in the Pee Wee tree," (Kielan-Jawrowska & Hurum, 1997).
Genera: Kamptobaatar, Nessovbaatar, Sloanbaatar, other reports
Time-Line:
Upper Cretaceous: Kamptobaatar, Nessovbaatar, Sloanbaatar
Genus: Kamptobaatar Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1970
'bent hero'
Remarks: 'Bent' here refers to the observable bend of the zygomatic arches in the skull.
| Species: | Kamptobaatar kuczynskii Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1970 |
|---|---|
| Place: | Djadokhta Formation |
| Country: | Mongolia |
| Age: | Upper Cretaceous |
| Remarks: | Skull 2cm, length 10cm. |
| Reference: | Kielan-Jaworowska (1970), New Upper Cretaceous multituberculate genera from Bayn Dzak, Gobi Desert. Palaentologia Polonica, 21, p.35-49. |
Kamptobaartar kuczynskii by Daniel Bensen
This image is the work and property of Mr Daniel Bensen, who kindly allowed its use here.
His homepage has plenty more paleo-art to enjoy, and his commentaries are carefully constructed and informative. A visit is recommended.
Opus Dinosaur by Daniel Bensen
Genus: Nessovbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska Z & Hurum JH, 1997
'Nessov�s hero'
Aka: Nesovbaatar
| Species: | Nessovbaatar multicostatus Kielan-Jaworowska Z & Hurum JH, 1997 |
|---|---|
| Aka: | Nesovbaatar multicostatus |
| Place: | Barun Goyot Formation |
| Country: | Mongolia |
| Age: | Upper Cretaceous |
| Remarks: | The abstract of the reference is linked towards the top of this directory. |
| Reference: | Kielan-Jaworowska Z & Hurum JH (1997), Djadochtatheria: a new suborder of multituberculate mammals. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 42(2), p 201-242. |
Genus: Sloanbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1970
Remarks: The genus is named in honour of paleontologist RE Sloan.
| Species: | Sloanbaatar mirabillis Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1970 |
|---|---|
| Place: | Djadokhta Formation |
| Country: | Mongolia |
| Age: | Coniacian - Santonian, Upper Cretaceous |
| Remarks: | |
| Reference: | Kielan-Jaworowska (1970), New Upper Cretaceous multituberculate genera from Bayn Dzak, Gobi Desert. Palaentologia Polonica, 21, p.35-49. |
Other reports:
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A. Various djadochtatherids B. Sloanbaataridae C. Djadochtatheriidae
Taxon: Djadochtatheriidae Kielan-Jaworowska Z & Hurum JH, 1997
Reference: Kielan-Jaworowska Z & Hurum JH (1997), Djadochtatheria: a new suborder of multituberculate mammals. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 42(2), p 201-242.
Multituberculates have traditionally been depicted as herbivores. This is too simplistic, and they�re increasingly referred to as herbivores and omnivores. Certainly in the case of Kryptobaatar, if I�d been a small Mesozoic lizard, I�d have kept a healthy distance between us, just in case.
Genera: Catopsalis (partly = Catopsbaatar & Djadochtatherium), Catopsbaatar, Djadochtatherium (partly = Catopsbaatar), Gobibaatar (= Kryptobaatar), Kryptobaatar, Tombaatar, Tugrirgbaatar (= Kryptobaatar), other reports
Time-Line:
Upper Cretaceous: Catopsbaatar, Djadochtatherium, Kryptobaatar, Tombaatar
Genus: Catopsbaatar (Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1974) Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1994
Remarks: For those of a technical inclination: "One of the most characteristic features of Catopsbaatar (which differentiates it not only from Kryptobaatar but from all the djadochtatherioids in which the zygomatic ridges are known ), is a very deep anterior zygomatic ridge, and a small medial zygomatic ridge, the latter forming about a quarter of a circle and adhering the anterior one from behind," (Kielan-Jaworowska et al, 2002).
| Species: | Catopsbaatar catopsaloides (Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1974) Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1994 |
|---|---|
| Aka: | Catopsalis caotopsaloides, Djadochtatherium catopsaloides Kielan-Jaworowska, 1974 |
| Place: | Hermiin Tsav (aka Khermeen Tsav) |
| Country: | Mongolia |
| Age: | Campanian, Upper Cretaceous |
| Remarks: | This was originally regarded as a species of Djadochtatherium, though as is clear from the abstract of Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum (1997), it isn't. Unlike its relatives, the p4 (a lower premolar) is "secondarily subtrapezoidal". It also spent a while assigned to the North American genus Catopsalis Cope, 1882, courtesy of an interpretation in 1979 by Kielan-Jaworowska & Sloan.The original material consisted of three skulls, the most complete of which, (ZPAL MgM-I/78), was juvenile. Subsequently, a fouth specimen was identified and then an even more complete example came to light in 1999, along with some postcranial skeleton. This belonged to an elderly critter. It's been provisionally considered in Kielan-Jaworowska et al, 2002, (see Bibliography), but has yet to be fully described.With a skull length of around 6cm, this was a relatively large multi. |
| References: | Kielan-Jaworowska (1974), Multituberculate succesion in the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert (Mongolia). in Results of the Polish-Mongolian Palaeont. Expeditions - Part V. Palaeontologica Polonica. (30), p.23-43. |
| Kielan-Jaworowska & Sloan (1979), Catopsalis(Multituberculata) from Asia and North America and the problem of taeniolabidid dispersal in the Late Cretaceous. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 24, p.187-197. | |
| Kielan-Jaworowska (1994), A new generic name for the multituberculate mammal "Djadochtatherium" catopsaloides. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 39, p.134-136. |
Links:
The University of Oslo, Paleontological Museum
http://www.nhm.uio.no/palmus/galleri/montre/english/x564.htm
There are some good photos around of these creatures. This is a cast of Cat. cat. from the Gobi.
Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw
http://www.paleo.pan.pl/collect.htm#Mon-mammalia
Included in this collection are specimens of Bulganbaatar nemegtbaataroides, Catopsbaatar catopsaloides, Chulsanbaatar vulgaris, Kamptobaatar kuczynskii, Kryptobaatar dashzevegi, Nemegtbaatar gobiensis, and Sloanbaatar mirabillis.
Genus: Djadochtatherium Simpson GG, 1925
'Djadokhta beast'
| Species: | Djadochtatherium matthewi Simpson GG, 1925 |
|---|---|
| Aka: | Catopsalis matthewi (Simpson GG, 1925) |
| Place: | Djadokhta Formation & Goyot Formation |
| Country: | Mongolia |
| Age: | Campanian, Upper Cretaceous |
| Remarks: | In the Prehistoric Data Files, djado�s body length is given as 36cm, which is large. The length of the skull, according to a source some fool forgot to remember, is apparently about 4,5cm. It's listed as Catopsalis matthewi, though djado is presently considered valid. |
| Reference: | Simpson (1925), A Mesozoic mammal skull from Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 201, p.1-11. |
Genus: Kryptobaatar Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1970
'hidden hero'
Aka: Gobiaatar, Gobibaatar ('Gobi hero') Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1970; Tugrigbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska Z & Dashzeveg D, 1978
Remarks: "Gobibaatar has page priority but was selected as the junior synonym by Kielan-Jaworowska in 1980," (McKenna & Bell, 1997).
| Species: | Kryptobaatar dashzevegi Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1970 |
|---|---|
| Place: | Djadokhta Formation, Ukhaa Tolgod and T�gr�g Shiree |
| Country: | Mongolia |
| Age: | ?lower Campanian, Upper Cretaceous |
| Remarks: | The skull has a length of perhaps 3cm. I�m no expert, but the front teeth look impressively sharp and not much like those of a strict vegetarian. |
| Reference: | Kielan-Jaworowska (1970), New Upper Cretaceous multituberculate genera from Bayn Dzak, Gobi Desert. In: Kielan-Jaworowska (ed.), Results of the Polish- Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions, pt. II. Palaeontologica Polonica 21, p.35-49. |
Links:
DMG Projects, University of Texas
http://digimorph.org/specimens/Kryptobaatar_dashzevegi/
A report, photo and animation from the X-ray CT Facility.
Martin Jehle, Multituberculates: Heyday of the longest lived mammalian order
http://www.paleocene-mammals.de/multis.htm
As regards these sharp lower teeth, (which were apparently common amongst multis), "the recent rat-kangaroos, which share this feature, include not only herbivores but also omnivores that feed on plants, insects or even carrion." This article is a fine introduction to the order.
| Species: | Kryptobaatar gobiensis |
|---|---|
| Aka: | Gobibaatar parvus Kielan-Jaworowska Z, 1970 |
| Place: | |
| Country: | |
| Age: | Upper Cretaceous |
| Remarks: | This is wild speculation, but I suspect this is from the Gobi, Mongolia. |
| Reference: | Kielan-Jaworowska (1970), New Upper Cretaceous multituberculate genera from Bayn Dzak, Gobi Desert. In: Kielan-Jaworowska (ed.), Results of the Polish- Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions, pt. II. Palaeontologica Polonica 21, p.35-49. |
| Species: | Kryptobaatar mandahuensis Smith T, Guo D-Y & Sun Y, 2001 |
|---|---|
| Place: | Bayan Mandahu red beds, Inner Mongloia |
| Country: | China |
| Age: | Campanian, Upper Cretaceous |
| Remarks: | Based on several well preserved skulls. This location is about the same age as the Djadokhta Formation of Mongolia). |
| Reference: | Smith et al (2001), A new species of Kryptobaatar(Multituberculata): the first Late Cretaceous mammal from Inner Mongolia (P. R. China). Bulletin de l�Inst. royal des Sci. nat. de Belgique, Sci. de la Terre Supplement 71, p.29-50. |
| Species: | Kryptobaatar saichanensis (Kielan-Jaworowska Z & Dashzeveg D, 1978) |
|---|---|
| Aka: | Tugrigbaatar saichanensis Kielan-Jaworowska Z & Dashzeveg D, 1978 |
| Place: | |
| Country: | Mongolia |
| Age: | Upper Cretaceous |
| Remarks: | Years of description according to Biosys. |
| Reference: |
Genus: Tombaatar Rougier GW, Novacek M & Dashzeveg D, 1997
| Species: | Tombaatar sabuli Rougier GW, Novacek M & Dashzeveg D, 1997 |
|---|---|
| Place: | Djadokhta Formation, Ukhaa Tolgod |
| Country: | Mongolia |
| Age: | Upper Cretaceous |
| Remarks: | Tom was a relatively large multi. The skull's perhaps 6cm in length. |
| Reference: | Rougier, Novacek & Dashzeveg (1997), A new multituberculate from the late Cretaceous locality Ukhaa Tolgod, Mongolia: Considerations on multituberculate interrelationships. American Museum Novitates 3191, p.1-26. |
Other reports:
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Mammalian Phylogeny, The University of Louisville
http://www.louisville.edu/medschool/anatomy/Research/NSF/MammalPhylogeny.htm
This is a bonus link for any specialists or masochists. Collaborative Research: A Morphological Database for the Higher-Level Relationships of Fossil and Recent Mammals. Here you can check up on the orientation of narial apertures, should you feel inclined.
Help:
Should anybody have any further information, I'd be pleased to hear of it.
Regarding references and Bibliography:
I haven't and can't verify the references, so beware. Traditional papers used in constructing this page are in the bibliography. If you feel these are too few, then send some more.
With thanks to all the featured sources.
Trevor Dykes, Dezember 2001. Last update: 20.9.2002.
Ktdykes@arcor.de
Bibliography:
Kielan-Jaworowska Z & Hurum JH (2001), Phylogeny and systematics of multituberculate mammals, Palaeonotology, Vol 44 (3), p.389-429.
Kielan-Jaworowska Z, Hurum JH, Currie PJ, & Barsbold R (2002), New data on anatomy of the Late Cretaceous multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47(3), p.557-560.
McKenna MC & Bell SK, (1997), Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press.