The Njegoskij Fund :: Today's Montenegro :: Country profile (original) (raw)

Location:	South-Eastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia
Geographic coordinates:	Podgorica (Capital): 42 47 N, 19 28 E Pljevlja (North): 43 32 N, 18 58 E Ulcinj (South): 42 50 N, 19 22 E Rozaje (East): 42 53 N, 20 21 E Herceg Novi (West): 42 29 N, 18 26 E
Time zone:	CET (UTC/GMT +1)Summer time (DST): CEST (UTC/GMT +2)
Area:	Total: 14,026km² Land: 13,812km² Water: 228.2km² (0.015%)
Land borders:	Total: 614km Border countries: Albania 172km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 225km, Croatia (South) 14km, Serbia 203km
Coastline:	Total: 293.5km Longest beach: Velika plaza [Long Beach]-Ulcinj 13,000m Largest bay: Boka Kotorska [The Bay of Kotor]
Territorial division:	Municipalities: 21 Settlements: 1,256 Urban settlements: 40 Local communities: 368
Climate:	Seaside, basin of Lake Skadar, valley of Moraca and Zeta Rivers: Mediterranean climate (long and dry summers; short and mild winters) Inland: Continental climate North: Sub-alpine climate (moderate summers; cold and snow-abundant winters) Average temperature in January: 5° C Average temperature in July: 25° C Hydrometeorological Service of Montenegro
Terrain:	Due to its situation at the Southern end of the Dinaric Alps, almost entirely mountainous with a small coastline along the Adriatic The Montenegrin barren karst on the West is separated by the Zeta River The plain from the higher Brda region, on the East, has forests and pastures
Elevation extremes:	Lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0m Highest point: Bobotov kuk [Mt. Durmitor] 2,522m Deepest canyon: Tara River 1,300m
Natural resources:	Bauxite, lead, zinc, coal, wood, hydroelectricity
Land use:	Agricultural land: 518,82ha (1999) Cultivated land: 185,341ha Forests and woodlands: 720,000ha (572,000ha in the North-East)
Natural hazards:	Destructive earthquakes Last earthquake: August 26, 2006 (4.2 Richter scale) Last destructive earthquake: April 15, 1979 at 7:19am (7.0 Richter scale) Seismological Observatory of Montenegro (since 1960)
Environment - national lakes:	Biogradsko: 0.23km² (area), 1,094m (altitude) Plavsko: 1.99km², 906m Skadarsko: 369.7km², 6m (147.9km² belong to Albanian territory) Crno: 0.54km², 1418m Sasko: 3.64km², 1.4m
Environment - national parks:	Durmitor: 39,000ha (area), 538-2,522m (altitude) Lovcen: 6,400ha, 1,200-1,749m Biogradska Gora: 5,400ha, 832-2,116m Basin of Skadar Lake: 40,000ha, 6m National Parks of Montenegro
Environment - UNESCO protection:	Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor (since 1979) Durmitor National Park (since 1980) UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Environment - current issues:	Pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor
Geography - note:	Controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast

Nationality:	Noun: Montenegrin(s)Adjective: Montenegrin
Languages:	Ijekavian dialect (official) and Serbo-Croatian
Population:	630,548 (October 2004); 620,145 (2003); 615,035 (1991); 584,310 (1981); 529,604 (1971); 471,894 (1961); 419,873 (1953); 377,189 (1948); 360,044 (1931); 249,238 (1921); 317,856 (1909)
Population growth rate:	3.5% ( October 2004)
Sex ratio:	1,037.23 females/1,000 males (October 2004) Male: 309,513 Female: 321,035 1,031.76 females/1,000 males (2003 census) Male: 305,225 Female: 314,920
Birth rate:	12.60 births/1,000 population (2004) 13.50 births/1,000 population (2003 census)
Death rate:	9.20 deaths/1,000 population (2004) 9.20 deaths/1,000 population (2003 census)
Life expectancy:	Women: 74 years; men: 71 years (2003 census)
Population density:	44.90/km² (2003 census)
Population by town:	Largest town: Podgorica Andrijevica: 6,696; Bar: 37,321; Berane: 38,953; Bijelo Polje: 55,628; Budva: 11,717; Danilovgrad: 14,718; Zabljak: 4,914; Kolasin: 11,120; Kotor: 22,410; Mojkovac: 10,830; Niksic: 74,706; Plav: 19,305; Pluzine: 5,247; Pljevlja: 39,593; Podgorica: 152,025; Rozaje: 22,976; Tivat: 11,429; Ulcinj: 24,217; Herceg Novi: 27,593; Cetinje: 20,307; Savnik: 3,690
Ethnic groups:	Montenegrins 43.16%; Serbs: 31.99%; Bosniacs: 7.77%; Albanians: 5.03%; Slavic Muslims: 3.97%; Croats: 1.10%; Romas 0.42%; Yugoslavs: 0.30%; others 6.26% (2003 census)
Religions:	Orthodox 74.24%; Muslim 17.74%; Roman Catholic 3.54%; Protestant 0.06%; other 0.39%; none and atheist 3.2% (2003 census)
Illiteracy:	Total population: 2.35% (2003 census) 10-19 years: 0.66% 20-34 years: 0.52% 35-64 years: 0.98% 65 years and over: 11.75%

Country name:	Conventional long form: Republic of Montenegro Conventional short form: Montenegro Local short form: Република Црна Гора, Republika Crna Gora Local short form: Црна Гора, Crna Gora Former: People's Republic of Montenegro (December 2nd, 1945), Socialist Republic of Montenegro (July 7, 1963) Abbreviation: CG
Government type:	Republic
Independence:	Referendum on Independence: May 21, 2006 (participation: 86.5%) Declaration: June 3, 2006 Recognition: Iceland June 8, 2006 (first country); EU June 12, 2006 ; UN June 28, 2006 (as 192nd Member State) Former administrative status: From February 4, 2003 to June 3, 2006, united with the Republic of Serbia (Republika Srbija) in a loose commonwealth known as the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (Državna Zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora)
Capital:	Cetinje from October 12, 1992 Former capitals: Titograd 1946-1992; Cetinje 1482-1946; Obod 1475-1482; Zabljak 1474-1475; Bar (Antivari) 1403-1408; Ulcinj (Olcinium) 1385-1403; Shkodra (Scutari) 1042-1385/1408-1474; Prapratna ...-1042
Administrative capital:	Podgorica
Location of Governmental Institutions:	Presidency: Podgorica (Bulevar Svetog Petra Cetinjskog 12) with an Official Residence in Cetinje (Njegoseva 113) Ministries: Podgorica
Constitution:	Adopted: October 12, 1992 Promulgated: October 12, 1994 NB: A new Constitution is in process of writing since the end of November 2006
Legal system:	Based on civil law system
Suffrage:	18 years of age; universal
Registred voters:	484,430 (September 10, 2006; parliamentary elections) 484,718 (May 21, 2006; referendum) 458,339 (May 21, 2003; presidential elections) 456,981 (February 9, 2003/December 22, 2002; presidential elections) 456,981 (October 20, 2002; parliamentary elections) 457,633 (May 31, 1998; parliamentary elections)
Executive branches:	Chief of state: President Filip VUJANOVIĆ (DPS; since May 11, 2003) President of the Republic of Montenegro Head of government: Prime Minister Željko ŠTURANOVIĆ (DPS; designated on October 11, 2006; approved by the Parliament on November 10, 2006) Former head of government: Milo DJUKANOVIĆ (DPS; 8.I.2003-10.XI.2006) Deputy Prime Ministers: 2 (November 10, 2006) • Prof. Dr. Gordana DJUROVIĆ (DPS), Deputy Prime Minister for European Integrations • Prof. Dr. Vujica LAZOVIĆ (SDP), Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Policy Government of the Republic of Montenegro Cabinet: 14 ministries act as Cabinet (November 10, 2006) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management • Milutin SIMOVIĆ (DPS), Minister Ministry of Culture, Sport and Media • Predrag SEKULIĆ (DPS), Minister Ministry of Defense • Boro VUČINIĆ (DPS), Minister Ministry of Education and Science • Prof. Dr. Slobodan BACKOVIĆ (DPS), Minister Ministry of Finance • Prof. Dr. Igor LUKŠIĆ (DPS), Minister Ministry of Foreign Affairs • Milan ROĆEN (DPS), Minister Ministry of Health, Labor and Social Welfare • Prof. Dr. Miodrag RADUNOVIĆ (DPS), Minister Ministry of Interior Affairs and Public Administration • Jusuf KALOMPEROVIĆ (SDP), Minister Ministry of Justice • Miraš RADOVIĆ (DPS), Minister Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Protection • Predrag NENEZIĆ (DPS), Minister Ministry for Economic Development • Branimir GVOZDENOVIĆ (DPS), Minister Ministry for Human and Minority Rights Protection • Fuad NIMANI (DUA), Minister The Ministry for International Economic Relations and European Integrations • Prof. Dr. Gordana DJUROVIĆ (DPS), Minister, Deputy Prime Minister Ministry Maritime Affairs, Transportation and Telecommunication • Prof. Dr. Andrija LOMPAR (SDP), Minister Suad NUMANOVIĆ (DPS), Minister without portfolio Elections: President elected by citizens in direct and secret elections for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); Prime Minister proposed by the President, appointed by the Assembly (Parliament) Last presidential elections: May 11, 2003 Election results-% of vote by candidate: Filip VUJANOVIĆ (DPS-SDP) 64.25%; Miodrag ZIVKOVIĆ (LSCG) 31.38%; Dragan HAJDUKOVIĆ (Independent) 4.37%
Legislative branches:	Unicameral Assembly or Skupština President: Ranko KRIVOKAPIĆ (SDP; nominated October 2nd, 2006) Secretary General: Milan RADOVIĆ (DPS) Number of seats: 81 (September 10, 2006); 74 (October 20, 2002); 77 (April 23, 2001) Women (current number): 7 (8.64%; September 10, 2006) Parliament of the Republic of Montenegro Elections: Deputies elected by citizens in direct and secret elections for a four-year term Last parliamentary elections: September 10, 2006 (participation: 71.37%) Election results-seats by political group: Coalition for a European Montenegro (DPS-SDP) 41; Serb List 12; Coalition SNP-NS-DSS 11; Movement for Change (GZP) 11; Liberal Party-Bosniak Party Coalition 3; Democratic Union of Albanians 1; Coalition of the Democratic League of Albanians and Party of Democratic Prosperity 1; Albanian Alternative 1 Former repartition of the seats: DPS-SDP Coalition 38; SNP-SNS-NS Coalition 30; Liberal Alliance 4; Albanian Coalition 2
Judicial branches:	Courts of law Public Prosecutor (elected for a five-year term) Supreme Court is the highest-instance court in the Republic (judges have life tenure) Constitutional Court decides on the conformity of any act with the Constitution and the Law (five judges with a nine-year term; President elected for a three-year term)
Political parties (2006):	Albanian Alternative (group of citizens) BS-Bosniak Party of Montenegro: Bošnjačka Stranka Crna Gore DPS-Democratic Party of Socialists: Demokratska Partija Socijalista DS CG-Democratic League of Montenegro: Demokratski Savez u Crnoj Gori DSS-Democratic Serbian Party of Montenegro: Demokratska Srpska Stranka Crne Gore DUA-Democratic Union of Albanians: Demokratska Unija Albanaca FORCA-New Democratic Power: Nova Demokratska Snaga GP-Civic Party of Montenegro: Gradjanska Partija Crne Gore HGI-Croatian Civic Initiative: Hrvatsko Gradjansko Inicijativa LSCG-Liberal Alliance of Montenegro: Liberalni Savez Crne Gore NS-People's Party: Narodna Stranka Patriotic Coalition for Yugoslavia: Patriotska Koalicija za Jugoslaviju PZP-Movement for Changes: Pokret Za Promjene SDP-Social Democratic Party: Socijaldemokratska Partija SNP CG-Socialist People's Party of Montenegro: Socijalistička Narodna Partija Crne Gore SNS-Serbian People's Party: Srpska Narodna Stranka SRS-Serbian Radical Party of Montenegro: Srpska Radikalna Stranka Crne Gore
NGOs engaged in elections monitoring:	CDT-Center for Democratic Transition: Centar za demokratsku tranziciju CEMI-The Monitoring Center: Centar za monitoring
International organisation participations:	World Trade Organization (WTO; February 15, 2005, observer); Egmont Group (June 2005); International Telecommunications Union (ITU; June 21, 2006); OSCE (June 22, 2006), UN (June 28, 2006); International Labour Organization (ILO; July 14, 2006); Universal Postal Union (UPU; July 26, 2006); Central European Initiative (August 2nd, 2006); World Health Organization (WHO; September 14, 2006); International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol; September 22, 2006); International Maritime Organisation (IMO; October 10, 2006); Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU; October 16, 2006); European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD; October 25, 2006); Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW; November 22, 2006); U.N. Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO; November 22, 2006); International Organization for Migration (IOM; November 28, 2006); World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO; December 4, 2006) Applicant: Council of Europe (June 6, 2006); International Monetary Fund (IMF; July 7, 2006); Stability Pact for Southeastern Europe (August 3rd, 2006); World Bank (IBRD, IDA, IFC, MIGA; August 3rd, 2006) Sports organisations: International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF; July 28, 2006, provisional); International Handball Federation (IHF; August 7, 2006); International Swimming Federation (FINA; August 21, 2006); International Tennis Federation (ITF; August 24, 2006); International Basketball Federation (FIBA; August 27, 2006); Union of European Football Associations (UEFA; October 5, 2006, provisional); International Volleyball Federation (FIVB; October 23, 2006)
Signatory of International conventions:	1949 Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols of 1977 (acceded on August 2, 2006; into force on February 2nd, 2007); Helsinki 1975 Final Act of OSCE (September 1st, 2006); Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (103rd member; ratified on October 23, 2006; effective on June 3rd, 2006); Chemical Weapons Convention (181st member; ratified on October 23, 2006; effective on June 3rd, 2006); WIPO Treaties (declaration of continued application on December 4, 2006; effective on June 3rd, 2006); Partnership for Peace (PfP) Framework Document (December 14, 2006); Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA; December 19, 2006)
National day:	13 July; marks the date in 1878 when the Berlin Congress recognised Montenegro as the 27th independent state in the world (Law on the State Symbols and the Statehood Day of Montenegro, July 12, 2004)
National anthem:	“Oj svijetla majska zoro” (“Oh, Bright Dawn of May”) [2'25.10, 1.7 Mo, MP3-file] (Law on the State Symbols and the Statehood Day of Montenegro, July 12, 2004) Former National anthem: “Ubavoj nam Crnoj Gori” (“To our Beautiful Montenegro”) [1'05.24, 1.0 Mo, MP3-file] 1870-1918
National coat of arms:	Defined in Art. 4 of the Law on the State Symbols and the Statehood Day of Montenegro (Zakon o dr avnim simbolima i Danu dr avnosti Crne Gore), dated July 12, 2004: “The Coat of Arms of Montenegro are in shape of a golden crowned double-headed eagle with it wings in flight, with a sceptre in its right and an orb in its left claw on a red base. On the eagle chest is a shield with a golden lion passant. The lion is on a green field with a blue background. The crown above the eagle heads and the sceptre are golden topped with a cross. The orb is blue with golden sheaths and cross.”
National flag:	Defined in Art. 5 of the Law on the State Symbols and the Statehood Day of Montenegro (Zakon o dr avnim simbolima i Danu dr avnosti Crne Gore), dated July 12, 2004: “The Flag of Montenegro is red with the coat of arms in the middle and with a golden border. The ratio of the length and the width of the flag is two by one. The coat of arms in the flag occupy two thirds of its height. The midpoint of the coat of arms matches the intersection point of the diagonals of the flag. The width of the golden border is one twentieth of the shorter flag edge.”

Gross Domestic Product:(in current prices)	€1,644.00 million (2005); €1,535.00 million (2004); €1,433.00 million (2003); €1,301.50 million (2002); €1,244.80 million (2001)
GDP - Per capita:(in current prices)	€2,638.00 (2005); €2,473.00 (2004); €2,317.90 (2003); €2,109.11 (2002); €2,024.75 (2001)
GDP - Real growth:	4.10% (2005); 3.70% (2004); 2.30% (2003); 1.70% (2002); -.20% (2001)
GDP - Investments:	€482.80 million (2005); €111.08 million (2004); €213.62 million (2003); €182.90 million (2002); €225.62 million (2001)
GDP - Foreign Direct Investments:	€383.00 million (2005); €52.70 million (2004); €43.80 million (2003); €76.40 million (2002); €4.70 million (2001)
GDP - Exports:(goods and services)	€748.96 million (2005); €622.70 million (2004); €461.90 million (2003); €498.60 million (2002); €385.00 million (2001)
GDP - Imports:(goods and services)	€1,063.83 million (2005); €913.70 million (2004); €709.60 million (2003); €815.00 million (2002); €776.00 million (2001)
GDP - Trade balance:	€-314.87 million (2005); €-291.00 million (2004); €-247.60 million (2003); €-334.00 million (2002); €-391.00 million (2001)
Current account balance:	-12.20% of GDP (2005); -7.60% (2004); -7.30% (2003); -12.60% (2002); -15.70% (2001);
General government balance:	-1.70% of GDP (2006 est.); -2.90% (2005); -2.60% (2004); -1.90% (2004)
General government debts:	Public: 42.60% of GDP (2005); 47.40% (2004); 51.10% (2003) External: 30.60% of GDP (2005)
Labor active force:(employed/unemployed)	145,923/79,886 (2005); 143,479/59,002 (2004); 142,679/68,625 (2003); 140,100/76,293 (2002); 141,112/79,960 (2001) By occupation: Agriculture: 8.63%; Industry: 19.23%; Services: 72.14% (October 2005)
Unemployment rate:	16.40% (June 2006); 18.90% (2005); 22.60% (2004); 25.82% (2003); 30.45% (2002); 31.50% (2001) In highly educated labour: 8.00% (June 2006)
Average monthly net wage:(tax and contribution excluded)	€206.81 (September 2006); €223.63 (2005); €302.81 (2004); €271.00 (2003); €193.00 (2002); €176.00 (2001) Minimum wage: €50.00 - €1.50/h
Population below poverty line:	12.20% (2003)
Inflation rate:(consumer prices)	1.60% (June 2006); 1.80% (2005); 4.30% (2004); 6.70% (2003); 9.40% (2002)
Agriculture productions:	Diversified, ranging from olive and citrus growing in the coastal region to an extensive sheep production in the mountainous part of the country
Industries:	Electricity production, steel/aluminum/coal mining, forestry and wood processing, textiles and tobacco manufactures, tourism
Energy:	Electricity - Production: 2,864 million kWh (2005 est.) Electricity - Losses through distribution: 17% of overall production (2005) Electricity - Demand: 4,500 GhW (aluminium industry 42%; iron and steel industry 3%; Railway 5%; household 50%) Electricity - Imports: 34% Oil - Production: N/A Natural gas - Production: N/A
Exports:	2003: Switzerland 83.9%; Italy 6.1%; Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.3%; Other countries 8.7% 2002: Switzerland 78.1%; Italy 9.6%; Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.2%; Other countries 8.1%
Imports:	2003: Greece 10.2%; Italy 12.2%; Germany 9.6%; Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.2%; Other countries 58.8% 2002: Greece 5.8%; Italy 12.5%; Germany 9.3%; Bosnia and Herzegovina 14.4%; Other countries 58.0%
Currency:	Euro from January 1st, 2002 (adopted unilaterally; Montenegro is not a formal member of the Eurozone) Former currencies: German Mark-DEM 2.XI.1999-28.II.2002; Yugoslav/Serbian Dinar-YUD/CSD 1918- 1999; Montenegro Perper-MEP 1852-1918
Currency code:	EUR
Fiscal year:	Calendar year
Tax rates:	Value Added Tax (VAT): 17% and 7% Profit Tax: 9%
Banking system and monetary regulator:	Number of banks: 11 (2006); 10 (2004); 10 (2003); 10 (2002); 10 (2001) Regulator: Central Bank of Montenegro (since March 15, 2001) Central Bank of Montenegro
Statistical office:	Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT MONSTAT
United Nations statistical code:(ISO 3166-1 numeric)	499 (as of September 2006) Former code: 891 (until September 2006) International Organization for Standardization
Economic agency:	Agency of Montenegro for Economic Restructuring and Foreign Investments (since July 11, 1990) Agency of Montenegro for Economic Restructuring and Foreign Investments
Corruption:	A legal framework against corruption and organised crime is in force since August 2006 (Law on Witness Protection/Action Plan to Fight against Corruption and Organised Crime). A criminal intelligence system is also in preparation. Montenegro is full member of the International Criminal Police Organization-Interpol since September 2006. In 2005, according to the Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), the Federation of Serbia and Montenegro was, by the level of corruption, the 97th of the total 158 countries included in the study, together with Algeria, Argentina, Madagascar, Malawi and Mozambique. Montenegro, as independent state, is not listed in the CPI 2006. Transparency International

Fixed telephony penetration:	28% (January 2004) Total market: 177,663 subscribers (2005); 190,885 (January 2004) Fixed-line teledensity: 30% (January 2004) Two international switches connect the National system (Podgorica, 1999; second installed in 2001)
Fixed-line operator:	T-Com Montenegro [T-Com Crna Gora; owned by Crnogorski Telekom, formerly Telecom Montenegro until September 26, 2006] T-Com Crna Gora Official Site Crnogorski Telekom Official Site
Mobile telephony penetration:	78% (end 2004) Total market: 482,000 subscribers (end 2004); 427,000 (2003) 99% of the population is within the service area of at least one of the providers
Mobile operators:	067 :: T-Mobile Montenegro [T-Mobile Crna Gora; owned by Crnogorski Telekom, formerly MoNet GSM until September 26, 2006]; 42.11% market share (190,000 subscribers); population coverage 99%; 188 active base transceiver stations, 172 GSM and 34 GPRS T-Mobile Crna Gora Official Site 069 :: ProMonte [owned by Telenor Mobile Communications ASA]; 57.89% market share (273,000 subscribers, 2004); geographical/population coverage 75/98.7% (end 2005); 175 active base transceiver stations ProMonte Official Site
Telephone system:	Modern telecommunication systems with access to European satellites
Media:	Radio stations: 44 (2006); 31 (2004) Television stations: 15 (2006); 13 (2004) Printed media: 48 (2006) News agencies: 1 (2006) Online media: 4 (2006) Montenegro Media Institute Official Site
Postal service:	Montenegro Post Ltd. Founded in 1998 after a split of the Yugoslav PT Company into the Post of Montenegro Ltd. and Telecommunications of Montenegro (Decree No. 08-7420 dated October 28, 1998; Official Gazette of the Republic of Montenegro No. 40/98) Montenegro Post Official Site
Internet penetration:	17% (2005); 100,000 internet users (2006) Dial-up access; ISDN and ADSL since 2003 and 2005, respectively
Internet service providers:	T-Com Internet [formerly Internet Crna Gora until September 26, 2006]; two subsidiaries: T-Com ADSL (8,500 installed ADSL ports) and T-Com ISDN; 97.7% market share (January 2004) T-Com Crna Gora Official Site MontSky [owned by Informatika Montenegro]; 2.3% market share (January 2004) MontSky Official Site
Important phone numbers:	92-Police 93-Fire fighting 94-Health Emergency 95-The speaking clock 987-Information and help on the roads 988-Telecom Montenegro - information 9848-Weather forecast
International calling code:(ITU)	+382 (assigned September 2006, but not yet activated; when activated, will be shared with +381 for a six-month period) Former code: +381
Local area codes:	Podgorica and Kolasin: (0)81 Tivat and Kotor: (0)82 Niksic and Savnik: (0)83 Bijelo Polje and Mojkovac: (0)84 Bar and Ulcinj: (0)85 Cetinje and Budva: (0)86 Berane, Rozaje and Plav: (0)87 Herceg Novi: (0)88 Pljevlja and Zabljak: (0)89
Internet country code:(ISO 3166-1 alpha-2)	.me (assigned September 2006, but will only come in use early 2007) Administrator of the internet country code: Information System Center of the University of Montenegro (appointed November 30, 2006) Former code: .yu with subdomain .cg.yu for Montenegro International Organization for Standardization
Regulator of the telecommunication industry:	Agency for Telecommunications (AGENTEL) Agency for telecommunications

International car code:(UN's 1949 and 1968 Conventions on Road Traffic)	MNE (as of September 2006) Former code: SCG (until September 2006) International Organization for Standardization
Railways:	Total: 250.4km (2003) Electrified lines (25 kV,50 Hz Ac ): 169.2 km Main line: 169.2 km Sidings: 44.4 km Gauge: 1,435 mm Maximum incline: 25‰ Passengers: 1,467,000 Freight of goods: 718,000t Railways of Montenegro Official Site
Highways:	Total: 7,353km (2003) Paved: 4,274km Unpaved: 3,079km Passengers: 4,600,000 Freight of goods: 1,872,000t
Urban transport:	Passengers: 4,448,000
Ports and harbours:	Bar, Budva, Kotor, Herceg Novi, Zelenika Marinas: Ulcinj, Bar, Budva, Tivat, Kotor, Zelenika, Herceg Novi Port of Bar Official Site Port of Kotor Official Site
Merchant marine:	Total: 5 (2006) Cargos: 4 Tanker: 1 Owned by foreigners: 1 (Finland 1) Registered in other countries: The Bahamas 2; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2 Total traffic: 1,993,111t (2003) Export: 1,024,440t Import: 951,623t
Airports:	Total: 4 (2006) With paved runway: Total 2; Podgorica (Airport Golubovci/TGD), Tivat (TIV); 2,438m to 3,047m 1; 1,524m to 2,437m 1 With unpaved runway: Total 2; 914m to 1,523m 1; under 914m 1 Passengers: 602,942 (2003) Freight of goods: 618t Montenegro Airlines Official Site (since October 24, 1994) Airport Tivat Official Site

Background:	On June 20, 2006, Montenegro adopted a National Security Strategy (NSS) and created its own Ministry of Defense 30 days past the referendum that approved independence from Serbia. Until September 10 parliamentary elections, the office of Minister of Defense has been hold by Prime Minister Milo Djukanović in spite of a clear breach of the Montenegrin Constitution and a conflict of Interest Law, both prohibiting a member of the Government to perform several public duties. On October 30, 2006, Deputy Prime Minister Dragan Gjurović announced a new Defence Minister will be appointed once the new Cabinet is set up. On the parliamentary session of November 10, 2006, Boro Vučinić was nominated Minister of Defense.
General Staff:	Commander-in-Chief: President Filip VUJANOVIĆ Minister of Defense: Boro VUČINIĆ (nominated on November 10, 2006) Ministry of Defense Chief of the General Staff: General Lieutenant Colonel Jovan LAKČEVIĆ (acting; former Commander of the Corps of Podgorica; appointed on June 9, 2006) Deputy Chief of the General Staff: Vice-Admiral Dragan SAMARDŽIĆ (acting; Commander of the Navy; appointed on June 9, 2006) Chief of the Staff: Major General Dragan MILOSAVLJEVIĆ
Military branches:	Professional army (as of September 2006) Ground Forces (around 50 T-55 tanks and some 300 pieces of artillery of various calibers inherited from union with Serbia; ground forces planned to be around 650-1,100 professional soldiers); Naval Forces (just over 1,000 soldiers inherited from union with Serbia; planned to be abolished and transformed into a much smaller coast guard service); Air Defense Forces (9 G-4 Super Galebs inherited from union with Serbia; 1 Agusta Bell AB 212 used for transportation; 1 Sud Aviation SA 341G Gazelle used for policing; planned to be reduced to a helicopter unit while choosing to request air protection from a neighbouring country) In course of reorganisation; changes will comply with standards set by NATO A battalion-sized unit is planned to be place at the disposal of the United Nations for future peacekeeping duties
Compulsory military service:	Abolished on September 5, 2006 (91 conscripts on August 30, 2006) Former obligations: 19-21 years of age for compulsory military service, six-month service obligation
Military forces:	Plannned: 2,400 by 2007 Former forces: about 6,500, inherited from union with Serbia
Military expenditures:	Plannned: 2% of GNP by 2007

International disputes:	Ethnic Albanians in Kosovo refuse demarcation of the border with Macedonia in accordance with the 2000 Macedonia-Serbia and Montenegro Delimitation Agreement, which includes a section of the border with Montenegro.
Illicit drugs:	Transshipment point for illicit drugs moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route. Montenegro 2006 Progress Report, chapter 4.3.3
Money laundering:	Economy vulnerable to money laundering. A legislation against money laundering is in force since March 2005. Montenegro is full member of The Egmont Group since June 2005. The Egmont Group