SECRET INVASION #1 DIRECTOR�S COMMENTARY : COMICS (original) (raw)

pad

pad

pad

HOT TOPICS
pad
pad WIZARD TV
pad
pad Weekly Comic Book Roundups
pad
pad Blogs
pad
pad Comic Previews
pad
pad Toy of the Day
pad
pad Movie Trailers
pad
pad TV Highlights
pad
pad Video Games
pad
pad Hobby Gaming
pad
pad Anime
pad
pad
pad
pad
WIZARD WORLD TOUR
pad
pad Philadelphia
pad
pad Chicago
pad
pad Texas
pad
pad Los Angeles
pad
pad
pad
pad
SUBSCRIPTIONS
pad
pad Wizard
pad
pad ToyFare
pad
pad Anime Insider
pad
pad Twisted ToyFare
pad
pad Specials & Books
pad
pad New This Month
pad
pad

pad

THE WIZARD POLL
pad

padpad

Wizard Magazine #199 Secret Invasion Cover
pad
Wizard Magazine #199 Iron Man Movie Cover
pad
Anime Insider #55
pad
ToyFare Magazine #129 Iron Man Movie Cover
pad

pad

pad

| pad | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |

pad

| padCOMICSHome > COMICS > SECRET INVASION #1 DIRECTOR�S COMMENTARYSECRET INVASION #1 DIRECTOR�S COMMENTARYBrian Michael Bendis leads a tour through each issue of Marvel's mega-event as he takes a panel-to-panel look at his highly anticipated seriespadBy Kevin MahadeoPosted 4/3/2008padpadThe first in a regular series, Wizard Universe catches up with Secret Invasion scribe Brian Michael Bendis for an SI Director's Commentary every Thursday after an issue of the event comes out. Check in each time for insight from the writer on the inner workings of numerous scenes from Marvel's mega-event.Let's get to it... Why did you choose to start the series off here�at this unknown planet? BENDIS: It�ll be revealed in Secret Invasion and New Avengers exactly where we are and who we�re talking to. I wanted something that was completely alien to the world we live in�in color, in texture, in every possible way. I wanted to just get that feel that someone else�s drama is going to be affecting the Marvel Universe. It�s always the way�there�s someone out there doing something that�s going to affect your life in a tremendous way and you have no idea who they are and you may never meet them. This moment, this odd prologue�as we call it in the business�is why the Invasion has happened and it will be brought out further as the series continues. The colors are extremely unique in the image, especially how there isn�t a single ounce of green except for the Skrulls. Was that a specific thing you called for? BENDIS: Absolutely. That�s actually in the script itself. It�s like the movie �Pitch Black� with Vin Diesel. For no money at all, you just put a filter on the camera and everything feels different. I just really, really appreciate the amount of thought that goes into something like that. The Skrull technology, the Skrull lifestyle, the Skrull form of identity�because they�re a shapeshifter, everything about them would be different. It would not feel like Earth. I wanted that illustrated as clearly as possible, but simply without (going) over the head. **We have here Tony talking to Reed Richard and Hank Pym. Out of all the people in Marvel Universe, why does he trust them?**BENDIS: Well, he specifically says he doesn�t trust them. He went to the Illuminati first and that didn�t go well. These three�and this is something Mark Millar put together in Civil War�putting them in the room together, encapsulates every aspect of genetic, robotic and scientific genius in the Marvel Universe. Between the three of them, they�ve pretty much figured everything out. It�s �Let�s keep the group small and get it rolling.� It also seems to be that [Iron Man] is talking to the reader... catching them up with the Marvel Universe. He�s doing a bit of a Cameron Crowe move, I will cop to it fully. With these events, you always have that opportunity for people who don�t normally read comics or who don�t read them often to hop on board�they might read about it in �Entertainment Weekly� or something. So, you want to do old school Stan Lee get them up to speed. You didn�t have to read anything else but this, here we go. At the same time, it sets the tone. It has someone we love in the Marvel Universe looking at us like they�re about sh-- their pants telling us exactly what he�s thinking. And what he�s thinking also helps express where we are in the story. And I know some people look at that scene and say, �Didn�t he show this to Reed last week? Why isn�t Reed saying anything?� Well, he�s not saying anything because the Illuminati is a secret group, and you don�t want to tell Hank about it because he�ll be bummed out you didn�t invite him. The whole thing about the Illuminati is that it�s a secret, and Hank is exactly the type of guy you don�t want coming to the meeting. He ruins everything. **Poor Hank. Everyone has a thing against him.**BENDIS: Well, slap your wife and that�ll happen. **Elektra was the first reveal of a Skrull. Why Elektra? What about her made an ideal candidate?**BENDIS: That�s actually going to be illustrated rather dramatically in an upcoming issue of Mighty Avengers and New Avengers, but the people who were picked were picked for a very specific reason. Not hard to imagine certain characters that don�t have the emotional connections other characters have. There are characters that don�t have the same connections that other characters do and aren�t known that well. Elektra isn�t someone who�s very gregarious with the personality. So, her stoicism made her a target. **Her personality may be lacking, but looking at this spread her body is certainly not. What�s up with these sexy Skrull images?**BENDIS: If you�re into the ball-sack chin my friend, have at it. It�s a little nod to my first Powers arc with Retro Girl. We did the autopsy scene with Retro Girl and it was almost the same exact shot. You just want to look down at the body as this item. It�s the giant clue you just want to pick at. And there�s nothing better than the perfectly aimed light fixture and the hair always covering the "booblage." It always seems to make it in there. Except for Powers and Wanted. It�s weird how that happens. **What�s with this moment where Jarvis is staring at Spider-Woman before she makes the call to Luke?**BENDIS: That is the last of the slow-burn/odd-look scenes. We had a lot of these making people go, �What does that mean?� And that�s the last one. I�ll miss them. I�ve been doing them for a couple of years. [_Laughs_] There�s someone there we shouldn�t trust, or we should only trust them. Luke Cage calls his buddy Cloak. Why Cloak? Is it just because of his teleporting or� BENDIS: Listen, you need a quick drop off and there are a couple of people you�re going to call. And Nightcrawler always seems to be whining, �I can only take two people at once!� No, they have a history together, and it�s a tiny little nod to House of M. But I do promise in the future to use Cloak as more than just a Taxi service. I do like those characters an awful lot. You go through the Rolodex and think, �Who can get me there and get me there fast? I got two minutes.� I do like that when he finds out where they are, he�s like, �Alright. Bye.� [_Laughs_] I was going to keep him in the scene, but I wanted to go, �Yeah, I don�t want to do this.� **There�s this line here where Luke looks over his shoulder. Was that Luke Cage talking or you preparing the audience?**BENDIS: [_Laughs_] Everyone is always looking for those lines I�m saying. No, here�s the guy that�s been simmering for a while. His wife is gone. His kid is gone. He�s been waiting for this shoe to drop. He wants the shoe to drop. One way or another�end this. So, here we go. We got somewhere to go. Literally, they�re just sitting there waiting for this to happen, snuggling on the couch. [_Laughs_] If anybody leaves the room, everyone else would automatically think they�re a Skrull. **Who says that "Who haven't you gone out with?" line after Natasha gets knocked out, who was just sitting there all alone with the Quinjet?**BENDIS: It�s Spider-Man. You got to imagine she was probably a horrible girlfriend. She was probably demanding and a little bit of a bitch-on-wheels. [Hawkeye] probably still has a little war trauma from it. And the idea of what she�ll do when she gets up is probably worse than what they�re going to face to him at that moment. A lot of artists love drawing dinosaurs, and we have this scene here... BENDIS: I�ve decided�because there�s a bit of Savage Land coming up in other books as well�every artist loves to do one giant dinosaur drawing. Then afterwards, they seem to get annoyed by it. But they love the first. So, I always do "the dinosaur comes in, the dinosaur goes out." I have found that to be universally true, even back to David Finch�s issues. He loved them for three pages, and he was completely done with them. That and leaves. **Why go looking for Kazaar?**BENDIS: Well, maybe Spider-Man has a little crush on him. No, Kazaar�s coming up. He�ll be in the tie-in issues, and he�s part of the backtrack to the Invasion. And also, when you�re in town, you call your buddy. And if they�re in trouble [in the Savage Land], who would know better than [Kazaar]? [And this scene] harkens back to the first arc. Right away, we�re at the place and something bad has happened even worse than when they were there last time. It does two things, even if you never read New Avengers, you go, "Uh-oh, something bad happened here." And if you have read New Avengers, you say, "Oh, I know what this place is." **What�s up with Tony laying claim to the Savage Land?**BENDIS: Tony is a little full of himself. I don�t know if we�ve properly illustrated that since Civil War. [_Laughs_] Tony likes to put the hammer down. It�s basically that it�s Tony�s operation and these guys are in the way. And he doesn�t trust anybody. He wants everyone to just back away. Also, Savage Land is in S.H.I.E.L.D jurisdiction. I think everything Tony does, he absolutely believes he has justification on. He put himself in charge because he thought he�s the only one that could be in charge. **Who is "he?" Are you he? Do you love us?**Yeah, it�s me! [_Laughs_] No, that�s a reveal for later on in the series. It�s part of the overall theme of the piece. It definitely has some sort of religious connotation to it. **Dum Dum. Why?**Again, these are things you�ll see later on. I don�t know if you guys have seen the online prologue that shows how Dugan got co-opted. But Dugan is just in that position. Nick�s gone, a lot of his peers are no longer part of the S.H.I.E.L.D landscape, and so he is in a revered and known position. But no one knows him that well�all those guys are gone. So, it�s a good switch out. And he�s Level 10�he can get in anywhere. That�s someone you should immediately look at. [S.W.O.R.D] is an amazing invention [by Joss Whedon], but the problem is, if there�s an invasion, S.W.O.R.D is in the way. It�s part of the systematic elimination of would-be opponents. Quickly, firmly, done. And every single one of these [images] Leinil nailed. Some of them are exactly what was in my head to a spooky degree, and other ones are just better than what I hoped. What about Jarvis? The poor butler? BENDIS: Well, see, a lot of people think Jarvis is a Skrull here, but I think Jarvis has just had enough of their bullsh--. How much dirty laundry does one man have to do? There�s no raise. He�s constantly in danger. The Avengers disassembled and they didn�t even tell him. No, I�m joking. This is who you go after. Think like a shapeshifter. You want to get in. This is how you get in. It�s another one�he�s right there. They love him, but they don�t know him that well. They�re not involved in his personal life. He was banging Aunt May and none of them even knew about it! Except for Mephisto. That�s why the whole thing happened with Peter�s marriage. Mephisto couldn�t handle watching that! That is, two non-attractive people having sex and Mephisto had to watch that in his non-Earthly realm. Granny porn! [_Laughs_] I�m sorry. You have to imagine... the person closest to Jarvis is Tony. And if you have a really good friend or a close confidant, it�s not like you have a really deep conversation every time you see each other. You just love each other. So, once he�s in, the odds of him and Tony having a conversation that would have him figure it all out would be minimal. **Tony is messed up!**BENDIS: This is the downfall of Tony Stark. He just put a big, giant target on his ass and said, "Come get me." He put him and his tech in charge of everything. And he did so for the right reasons. He did so because he firmly believed he was the person who could do this. And he was right. Up until this moment and it all fell apart (and) someone kicked over the tinker toys. These [Skrulls] were put in the position to do severe damage, and the damage was done completely. And this plan was a rousing success from their point of view. If you were planning something and all these pieces had to be in exactly the right place at exactly the right time waiting for the signal, and then the signal happened and everyone did what they were supposed to do, that�s a success. **The Raft Breakout 2.0!**BENDIS: These are like the first few pages of New Avengers #1. There are people in there that the [Skrulls] need and chaos is ensuing. What the Skrulls are doing are that... the people that really stand in their way are now removed from their powerbase, chaos has been put out there, and there are people in there they need out. The system has failed. It helps illustrate the Skrulls point that, �Your systems fail. Our systems do not. Your systems do.� Part of what they�re selling is that our system does work and their system works. Marvel Boy? BENDIS: We did an issue with him in the Illuminati miniseries. What we set up was that he�s on the precipice. He can go either way. This is what the Illuminati was trying to�no pun intended�illuminate to him. "You�re angry. You�re an asshole. But, you�re young. You can continue to be an asshole or you can be Captain Marvel. Which one will you be?" And this Invasion might be the call to arms. But then Captain Marvel�[_whispers_] I think it means he�s a Skrull. It�ll be clearly illustrated in the Captain Marvel miniseries. **What's the deal with the SI paraphernalia by the way?**BENDIS: [You can get that T-Shirt at] Hot Topic. [_Laughs_] I posted this on my message boards. My kid has ice-skating lessons at the mall and Hot Topic is right there. I went in and there�s a Secret Invasion shirt next to the "Indiana Jones" shirt. I almost cried. It was the greatest moment of my nerdy life. I went to Hot Topic, and I got a shirt. I believe I bought one for the archives. I can�t wear it. It�s like a band wearing their own T-Shirts. But I did buy the "Indiana Jones" shirt, and I wore the sh-- out of it ![](https://web.archive.org/web/20080407040506im_/http://images.wizarduniverse.com/WizardUniverse/secretinvasion/sisueskrull.jpg) **What's up with Sue Storm?**BENDIS: This will be revealed in the Secret Invasion: Fantastic Four series. It�s a new development. It�s not a, "She�s been in there since the second issue of Fantastic Four. Suck it!" It�s a new one. That�s a perfect example. That would fall apart on the Skrulls rather quickly. Actually, Namor would figure it out before Reed, but that�s another story. What? [_Laughs_] And the Negative Zone eating the Baxter building?BENDIS: Those poor kids (Franklin and Valeria). I hope they don�t grow up and have issues and try to destroy the Marvel Universe. What? Huh? [I�ll do that] for my twenty-year contract or something. We are watching the birth of serial killers. There�s no way kids can survive all this and come out okay. Look at Lindsay Lohan. All she had to do was be on a movie set. Not that she�s a serial killer, but you know what I mean.I love this scene. Again, think of it as a strike. They hate Reed Richards. Whatever the Skrull version of "South Park" is, that cartoon has the Devil f--king Reed Richards. This is a true part of the plan because everything in the Baxter Building has thwarted them in the past. And I�m not one to use the word thwart lightly. So, Reed Richards and that building have to be removed from the equation or the Invasion will not take. On the other hand, it�s a giant, symbolic gesture. It�s like when they knocked that statue of Saddam Hussein over. THE �70s ARE HERE AGAIN _Click to Enlarge_BENDIS: Once I locked this down as a story beat, then it became the battle of the ages. People came up to me privately and started whispering characters. I remember [Marvel marketing guru] Jim McCann came up to me and whispered Disco Dazzler. I love Jim, and I remember I wrote down Disco Dazzler, and Joe [Quesada] said, "What is Disco Dazzler doing on here?" [_Laughs_] I listened to everyone talk, and I went home and made a list of what I thought�tactically�was the most shocking. Whatever purpose they would be there for�which did the most damage�which were returning. And I�m really hoping that people go back to this page and stare at it for a while. Just because there are only two lines of dialogue doesn�t mean you can�t stare at it for ten minutes and think, "Sh--, there�s Captain America. Sh--! Mockingbird! What the f--k? Is that Jessica Jones in her superhero costume? Oh my god, is that Phoenix? What does this all mean? Is that Iron Man with the nose?" If those are all the real people, what does that mean? If these are all Skrulls, why are all these characters the Skrulls? If half of them are Skrulls, which ones are and which ones aren�t? And what does that mean for the other characters? All these are things to ask. What is Clint Barton when he looks across the way and sees himself with Mockingbird? He was just making out with Echo. And I�m just thrilled that Leinil didn�t draw Howard the Duck in there. He does that a lot. He draws Howard the Duck in without anyone asking him to. He�s done it to me three times. I had actually noted to him privately, "Please don�t put Howard the Duck in there." THAT�S A LOT OF SHIPSBENDIS: The whole point was so Battlestar Galactica could show up and return to Earth. [_Laughs_] Yeah, the armada is here. And it�s what�s on the ships that you need to worry about. We�ve actually seen a hint. There seems to be some Skrulls with an inordinate amount of mix and match powers. Gee, if there were an army of those, we�d be f--ked. That would be bad. PYM: ALWAYS THE JERK BENDIS: Here�s the guy who was kind of out of the loop and has invested himself into the loop. One of the things you have to look for in clues of who is a Skrull is who has forced themselves into the center of things recently? Who is it that was a one-level character and they upped their level? Tony Stark is someone like that. But there are quite a few other characters that have done that as well. And there are characters in the Marvel Universe who just don�t care for Hank. So, it wouldn�t change their opinion of him if he was acting a certain way. And that�s the question: [_Sings_] How long has Hank been a Skrull? [_Laughs_] That is written, and I�m excited for people to see that issue of Mighty Avengers. FSHAMMM! BENDIS: Here is an example of an artist interpreting a beat far better than it was written. The actual design of the panels is exactly what was in my head. That shot of the silly string Reed Richards is shocking to me. It is so much better than I had hoped. I had it envisioned in my head of a splattered Reed Richards. That is a fantastic image. I have not seen that before. Reed Richards has been in comics 45 years, and I have never seen that before. It�s really terrifying. AFTER THOUGHTSBENDIS: Honestly, it�s been a crazy couple of months with this book coming out. The book�s out now, and it�s a relief and at the same time a whole other bit of business. And anyone that has read through this whole interview: Thank you for being so into it. And I�m sure I said something to annoy you: It wasn�t personal. I wasn�t trying to annoy you personally, I was just trying to tell a big, giant, crazy story. I just want to thank everyone for supporting it.padpadpadpad | pad | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |

pad