tanya notley | Western Sydney University (original) (raw)

Papers by tanya notley

Policy & Internet, 2024

There are significant digital inclusion disparities between low- and high-income households acros... more There are significant digital inclusion disparities between low- and high-income households across countries. Yet, there is a lack of in-depth research about the relationship between digital and social participation in low-income family households, especially in households facing multiple forms of disadvantage and discrimination due to language, cultural or literacy barriers. This article is based on long-term ethnographic research with low-income, migrant family households in the most culturally diverse region of Australia—Western Sydney. We find that household digital inclusion is perceived as necessary and important by parents—but also as a burden that has social, financial and emotional dimensions. We also find that a lack of targeted and culturally informed digital and social inclusion services constrain what digital connection can achieve for families. We argue that under these conditions, equitable digital inclusion cannot be achieved.

Report, 2024

This report examines adult media literacy abilities, needs and experiences in Australia. Betwee... more This report examines adult media literacy abilities, needs and experiences in Australia.

Between January and April 2024 the authors surveyed a representative sample of 3,852 adult Australians, alongside additional booster samples for culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) Australians and First Nations Australians. This survey repeated questions asked in an inaugural 2021 Adult Media Literacy survey to produce longitudinal data, while also introducing new questions that respond to pressing issues and new digital media developments.

Report, 2023

The Young People and News longitudinal survey series provides comprehensive findings about the ne... more The Young People and News longitudinal survey series provides comprehensive findings about the news attitudes, practices and experiences of young Australians aged 8-16 years. The 2023 survey analysis shows that news plays an important role in young people’s everyday lives and most young people get news from diverse sources.

Family are the most frequent and trusted source of news for young people. Young people have a low level of trust in Australian news organisations, and they do not believe that they are understood by these organisations.

There has been an increase in the number of young people who get news from social media. However, there is a low level of awareness of how algorithms deliver news. Although there has been a modest increase in the number of young people who had a news literacy lesson in school, three in four young people did not receive any lessons in school over the past year to help them determine if news content is true and trustworthy, indicating a gap in media literacy education.

Media, Culture and Society , 2024

This paper reports on an ethnographic study that examined smart TV use in lowincome migrant house... more This paper reports on an ethnographic study that examined smart TV use in lowincome migrant households in Australia. We find that the smart TV is used by migrant families for diverse forms of social and cultural participation. In addition, we find that YouTube-which is often accessed using the smart TV-is reshaping family media practices. We argue that while digital inclusion scholarship has focussed on access to and use of mobile phones, laptops and computers, the smart TV, perhaps more than any other device in the home, enables digital inclusion through intergenerational media engagement. This paper presents insights for policymakers and offers a new area for investigation for digital inclusion and media scholars.

Journal of Intercultural Studies

The Information Society, May 17, 2023

Routledge eBooks, Jun 29, 2023

Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation, 2019

Data centres mobilise server-client architectures to disperse and draw in labour from across indu... more Data centres mobilise server-client architectures to disperse and draw in labour from across industries and nations. In doing so, they provide an infrastructural fix for capitalist actors seeking to bypass traditional labour actions, by designing logistical routes around which to redirect production processes. In this article, we build on research that investigates the data centre industry in Singapore to consider how these facilities drive processes of global circulation and establish new kinds of labour relations and processes. We point to limits in conceptualising these relations according to dominant models of the supply chain or the production network. We argue that understanding the client footprint enabled by data centres as a form of territory allows us to approach these facilities as political institutions that influence the operations of power across wide geographical vistas.

Routledge eBooks, May 30, 2022

content and self-creating communities: history repeating itself?

Comunicar

This article argues that it is necessary to develop new approaches to media and information liter... more This article argues that it is necessary to develop new approaches to media and information literacy (MIL) education to respond to information seeking on YouTube. The article draws on data from a survey of adult Australians (N=3,510), focusing on their media literacy attitudes, experiences, and needs. A subset of this data focuses on respondents who use YouTube to seek information for a purpose. The article interrogates the data to ask who uses YouTube to access information when they need to make a decision; how these adults’ critical dispositions compare to people who do not use YouTube to seek information; and what level of media ability they have compared to other groups. A total of 45% of adult Australians had used YouTube to seek information and make a decision in the month prior to completing the survey. While this group shared a critical disposition towards media and information, they lacked confidence in their own media abilities. We argue that it is necessary to develop new...

Journal of Youth Studies, 2022

Studies that examine the news engagement practices of school students usually examine children or... more Studies that examine the news engagement practices of school students usually examine children or teenagers, and this precludes an examination of the similarities and differences between these groups. In 2020, we carried out a nationally representative survey of the news practices and experiences of young Australians aged 8–16 years and we compared the results for those aged 8–12 years and 13–16 years. The findings demonstrate that family is the most common source of news for both groups. Nonetheless, there is a significant shift that takes place as children enter their teen years, whereby they become far more likely to get news online from social media, news websites and apps. The impact of this shift is not straightforward, however. Contrary to our expectations, this development does not appear to increase the degree to which young people say news is important to them and it is not strongly correlated with their self-reported affective experience of news. Overall though, we find that the method young people use to get news and their affective experience of news engagement are significant predictors for their motivation to want to act on or respond to news.

New media technologies are thought to be significant tools for enabling creativity and innovation... more New media technologies are thought to be significant tools for enabling creativity and innovation. We examine this through a project where young people create content for distribution on the internet and consume content created by other young people. How does this challenge the traditionally understood separation of the producer: consumer? How can we encourage creativity through the use of new media technologies? This paper describes the early development of the Youth Internet Radio Network (YIRN)

Media literacy is the ability to critically engage with media in all aspects of life. It is a for... more Media literacy is the ability to critically engage with media in all aspects of life. It is a form of lifelong literacy that is essential for full participation in society. For several decades in Australia, media educators have used a core concepts framework to design learning courses and materials. However, this framework was created for an era of one-to-many media. We consulted young people, media literacy educators and stakeholders to reimagine this media literacy framework for an interactive, mobile and social media era. While we still use the five core concepts that were included in the original media literacy framework used in Australia, we have now added a sixth concept: relationships. This new concept recognises that media are now very often experienced relationally, that is as part of an interaction with others. In addition, we have embedded these core concepts into 10 capabilities that set out what media literacy education needs to achieve

This paper examines the ways nine teenage Australians—identified as being ‘at risk ’ of social ex... more This paper examines the ways nine teenage Australians—identified as being ‘at risk ’ of social exclusion—–are using online networks to participate in society. The research finds that online networks provided the participants with valuable opportunities for social inclusion. These findings are contextualized in relation to current Australian Government education and social policies which, on the one hand aspire to support young people’s social inclusion, and on the other restrict their ability to use online networks in public and private spaces because of safety and health concerns. This study contends that by defining and understanding the social value of young people’s online network use we can move toward a policy framework that not only The central idea behind the network society thesis is that contemporary social, political and economic practices, institutions and relationships are now organized through and around network structures (Barney, 2004; Castells, 2000). Manuell Castel...

Media Literacy, Equity, and Justice, 2022

The national news media landscape provides an important lens through which we see ourselves and o... more The national news media landscape provides an important lens through which we see ourselves and our communities. News media both reflect and influence public priorities and discourses. To consider the importance of news media representations to media literacy education, we discuss findings from
three Australian studies about young Australians and news media. In the first study, we examined how young people were included in news media on an “unremarkable” day in the news cycle. In the second study, we carried out a national survey of the news practices of young people. In the third study, we carried out a questionnaire with, and interviewed, schoolteachers about news media literacy education in the classroom. The findings from these studies suggest that young people’s exclusion from news media is likely to be contributing to their widely held perception that news media organisations are biased and do not understand or value the perspective and experience of young people. At the same time, these studies also show that most young people believe that following the news is important, while they engage with news regularly across multiple sources. However, their interest in news media is often not being nurtured in school and this is likely to be linked to the many barriers that teachers have identified as preventing them from integrating news literacy in their teaching. We conclude our chapter with a discussion of different kinds of school-based initiatives that address the lack of representation of young people in news media while also developing young people’s news literacy.

The Australian Educational Researcher, 2022

News media literacy has come to receive considerable public attention in recent years in the cont... more News media literacy has come to receive considerable public attention in recent years in the context of anxieties about the impact of misinformation on society. This article outlines research that examines how Australian teachers perceive and value news media literacy and it explores their experiences of teaching news in the classroom. The article presents findings from an online survey of 295 Australian teachers and follow-up semi-structured interviews with 20 teachers. Our analysis finds that although many teachers value students' learning about the news, there are significant challenges and barriers to address if the approach is to become more widely available in Australian classrooms. Teachers lack direction about how news should be taught to young people, the curriculum is already crowded, limiting opportunities to address news, and teachers lack access to relevant professional development. The article provides insights into how to move forward to ensure young people receive adequate education about news in Australia, with the findings holding relevance to other countries facing similar challenges.

Journal of Youth Studies, 2022

Studies that examine the news engagement practices of school students usually examine children or... more Studies that examine the news engagement practices of school students usually examine children or teenagers, and this precludes an examination of the similarities and differences between these groups. In 2020, we carried out a nationally representative survey of the news practices and experiences of young Australians aged 8–16 years and we compared the results for those aged 8–12 years and 13–16 years. The findings demonstrate that family is the most common source of news for both groups. Nonetheless, there is a significant shift that takes place as children enter their teen years, whereby they become far more likely to get news online from social media, news websites and apps. The impact of this shift is not straightforward, however. Contrary to our expectations, this development does not appear to increase the degree to which young people say news is important to them and it is not strongly correlated with their self-reported affective experience of news. Overall though, we find that the method young people use to get news and their affective experience of news engagement are significant predictors for their motivation to want to act on or respond to news.

International Journal of Communication , 2022

Media literacy is often described as an approach that can be used to address pressing public conc... more Media literacy is often described as an approach that can be used to address pressing public concerns ranging from combating misinformation to supporting citizens' full participation in society. What is little understood, however, is the importance people give to the role of media literacy in their own lives. Drawing on data from a representative survey of Australian adults, this article examines the importance given to 14 media literacy abilities that are often the focus of media literacy programs. Incorporating Schwartz's framework of motivational values into our analysis, we find that the specific media literacy abilities people identify as important are generally closely aligned with the underlying values they prioritize in their lives. Furthermore, people's values offer more predictive power than sociodemographic characteristics when it comes to understanding the importance people place on specific media literacy outcomes. The article argues that by understanding how and why people respond differently to the goals of media literacy, educators can design more appealing and effective media literacy interventions.

Policy & Internet, 2024

There are significant digital inclusion disparities between low- and high-income households acros... more There are significant digital inclusion disparities between low- and high-income households across countries. Yet, there is a lack of in-depth research about the relationship between digital and social participation in low-income family households, especially in households facing multiple forms of disadvantage and discrimination due to language, cultural or literacy barriers. This article is based on long-term ethnographic research with low-income, migrant family households in the most culturally diverse region of Australia—Western Sydney. We find that household digital inclusion is perceived as necessary and important by parents—but also as a burden that has social, financial and emotional dimensions. We also find that a lack of targeted and culturally informed digital and social inclusion services constrain what digital connection can achieve for families. We argue that under these conditions, equitable digital inclusion cannot be achieved.

Report, 2024

This report examines adult media literacy abilities, needs and experiences in Australia. Betwee... more This report examines adult media literacy abilities, needs and experiences in Australia.

Between January and April 2024 the authors surveyed a representative sample of 3,852 adult Australians, alongside additional booster samples for culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) Australians and First Nations Australians. This survey repeated questions asked in an inaugural 2021 Adult Media Literacy survey to produce longitudinal data, while also introducing new questions that respond to pressing issues and new digital media developments.

Report, 2023

The Young People and News longitudinal survey series provides comprehensive findings about the ne... more The Young People and News longitudinal survey series provides comprehensive findings about the news attitudes, practices and experiences of young Australians aged 8-16 years. The 2023 survey analysis shows that news plays an important role in young people’s everyday lives and most young people get news from diverse sources.

Family are the most frequent and trusted source of news for young people. Young people have a low level of trust in Australian news organisations, and they do not believe that they are understood by these organisations.

There has been an increase in the number of young people who get news from social media. However, there is a low level of awareness of how algorithms deliver news. Although there has been a modest increase in the number of young people who had a news literacy lesson in school, three in four young people did not receive any lessons in school over the past year to help them determine if news content is true and trustworthy, indicating a gap in media literacy education.

Media, Culture and Society , 2024

This paper reports on an ethnographic study that examined smart TV use in lowincome migrant house... more This paper reports on an ethnographic study that examined smart TV use in lowincome migrant households in Australia. We find that the smart TV is used by migrant families for diverse forms of social and cultural participation. In addition, we find that YouTube-which is often accessed using the smart TV-is reshaping family media practices. We argue that while digital inclusion scholarship has focussed on access to and use of mobile phones, laptops and computers, the smart TV, perhaps more than any other device in the home, enables digital inclusion through intergenerational media engagement. This paper presents insights for policymakers and offers a new area for investigation for digital inclusion and media scholars.

Journal of Intercultural Studies

The Information Society, May 17, 2023

Routledge eBooks, Jun 29, 2023

Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation, 2019

Data centres mobilise server-client architectures to disperse and draw in labour from across indu... more Data centres mobilise server-client architectures to disperse and draw in labour from across industries and nations. In doing so, they provide an infrastructural fix for capitalist actors seeking to bypass traditional labour actions, by designing logistical routes around which to redirect production processes. In this article, we build on research that investigates the data centre industry in Singapore to consider how these facilities drive processes of global circulation and establish new kinds of labour relations and processes. We point to limits in conceptualising these relations according to dominant models of the supply chain or the production network. We argue that understanding the client footprint enabled by data centres as a form of territory allows us to approach these facilities as political institutions that influence the operations of power across wide geographical vistas.

Routledge eBooks, May 30, 2022

content and self-creating communities: history repeating itself?

Comunicar

This article argues that it is necessary to develop new approaches to media and information liter... more This article argues that it is necessary to develop new approaches to media and information literacy (MIL) education to respond to information seeking on YouTube. The article draws on data from a survey of adult Australians (N=3,510), focusing on their media literacy attitudes, experiences, and needs. A subset of this data focuses on respondents who use YouTube to seek information for a purpose. The article interrogates the data to ask who uses YouTube to access information when they need to make a decision; how these adults’ critical dispositions compare to people who do not use YouTube to seek information; and what level of media ability they have compared to other groups. A total of 45% of adult Australians had used YouTube to seek information and make a decision in the month prior to completing the survey. While this group shared a critical disposition towards media and information, they lacked confidence in their own media abilities. We argue that it is necessary to develop new...

Journal of Youth Studies, 2022

Studies that examine the news engagement practices of school students usually examine children or... more Studies that examine the news engagement practices of school students usually examine children or teenagers, and this precludes an examination of the similarities and differences between these groups. In 2020, we carried out a nationally representative survey of the news practices and experiences of young Australians aged 8–16 years and we compared the results for those aged 8–12 years and 13–16 years. The findings demonstrate that family is the most common source of news for both groups. Nonetheless, there is a significant shift that takes place as children enter their teen years, whereby they become far more likely to get news online from social media, news websites and apps. The impact of this shift is not straightforward, however. Contrary to our expectations, this development does not appear to increase the degree to which young people say news is important to them and it is not strongly correlated with their self-reported affective experience of news. Overall though, we find that the method young people use to get news and their affective experience of news engagement are significant predictors for their motivation to want to act on or respond to news.

New media technologies are thought to be significant tools for enabling creativity and innovation... more New media technologies are thought to be significant tools for enabling creativity and innovation. We examine this through a project where young people create content for distribution on the internet and consume content created by other young people. How does this challenge the traditionally understood separation of the producer: consumer? How can we encourage creativity through the use of new media technologies? This paper describes the early development of the Youth Internet Radio Network (YIRN)

Media literacy is the ability to critically engage with media in all aspects of life. It is a for... more Media literacy is the ability to critically engage with media in all aspects of life. It is a form of lifelong literacy that is essential for full participation in society. For several decades in Australia, media educators have used a core concepts framework to design learning courses and materials. However, this framework was created for an era of one-to-many media. We consulted young people, media literacy educators and stakeholders to reimagine this media literacy framework for an interactive, mobile and social media era. While we still use the five core concepts that were included in the original media literacy framework used in Australia, we have now added a sixth concept: relationships. This new concept recognises that media are now very often experienced relationally, that is as part of an interaction with others. In addition, we have embedded these core concepts into 10 capabilities that set out what media literacy education needs to achieve

This paper examines the ways nine teenage Australians—identified as being ‘at risk ’ of social ex... more This paper examines the ways nine teenage Australians—identified as being ‘at risk ’ of social exclusion—–are using online networks to participate in society. The research finds that online networks provided the participants with valuable opportunities for social inclusion. These findings are contextualized in relation to current Australian Government education and social policies which, on the one hand aspire to support young people’s social inclusion, and on the other restrict their ability to use online networks in public and private spaces because of safety and health concerns. This study contends that by defining and understanding the social value of young people’s online network use we can move toward a policy framework that not only The central idea behind the network society thesis is that contemporary social, political and economic practices, institutions and relationships are now organized through and around network structures (Barney, 2004; Castells, 2000). Manuell Castel...

Media Literacy, Equity, and Justice, 2022

The national news media landscape provides an important lens through which we see ourselves and o... more The national news media landscape provides an important lens through which we see ourselves and our communities. News media both reflect and influence public priorities and discourses. To consider the importance of news media representations to media literacy education, we discuss findings from
three Australian studies about young Australians and news media. In the first study, we examined how young people were included in news media on an “unremarkable” day in the news cycle. In the second study, we carried out a national survey of the news practices of young people. In the third study, we carried out a questionnaire with, and interviewed, schoolteachers about news media literacy education in the classroom. The findings from these studies suggest that young people’s exclusion from news media is likely to be contributing to their widely held perception that news media organisations are biased and do not understand or value the perspective and experience of young people. At the same time, these studies also show that most young people believe that following the news is important, while they engage with news regularly across multiple sources. However, their interest in news media is often not being nurtured in school and this is likely to be linked to the many barriers that teachers have identified as preventing them from integrating news literacy in their teaching. We conclude our chapter with a discussion of different kinds of school-based initiatives that address the lack of representation of young people in news media while also developing young people’s news literacy.

The Australian Educational Researcher, 2022

News media literacy has come to receive considerable public attention in recent years in the cont... more News media literacy has come to receive considerable public attention in recent years in the context of anxieties about the impact of misinformation on society. This article outlines research that examines how Australian teachers perceive and value news media literacy and it explores their experiences of teaching news in the classroom. The article presents findings from an online survey of 295 Australian teachers and follow-up semi-structured interviews with 20 teachers. Our analysis finds that although many teachers value students' learning about the news, there are significant challenges and barriers to address if the approach is to become more widely available in Australian classrooms. Teachers lack direction about how news should be taught to young people, the curriculum is already crowded, limiting opportunities to address news, and teachers lack access to relevant professional development. The article provides insights into how to move forward to ensure young people receive adequate education about news in Australia, with the findings holding relevance to other countries facing similar challenges.

Journal of Youth Studies, 2022

Studies that examine the news engagement practices of school students usually examine children or... more Studies that examine the news engagement practices of school students usually examine children or teenagers, and this precludes an examination of the similarities and differences between these groups. In 2020, we carried out a nationally representative survey of the news practices and experiences of young Australians aged 8–16 years and we compared the results for those aged 8–12 years and 13–16 years. The findings demonstrate that family is the most common source of news for both groups. Nonetheless, there is a significant shift that takes place as children enter their teen years, whereby they become far more likely to get news online from social media, news websites and apps. The impact of this shift is not straightforward, however. Contrary to our expectations, this development does not appear to increase the degree to which young people say news is important to them and it is not strongly correlated with their self-reported affective experience of news. Overall though, we find that the method young people use to get news and their affective experience of news engagement are significant predictors for their motivation to want to act on or respond to news.

International Journal of Communication , 2022

Media literacy is often described as an approach that can be used to address pressing public conc... more Media literacy is often described as an approach that can be used to address pressing public concerns ranging from combating misinformation to supporting citizens' full participation in society. What is little understood, however, is the importance people give to the role of media literacy in their own lives. Drawing on data from a representative survey of Australian adults, this article examines the importance given to 14 media literacy abilities that are often the focus of media literacy programs. Incorporating Schwartz's framework of motivational values into our analysis, we find that the specific media literacy abilities people identify as important are generally closely aligned with the underlying values they prioritize in their lives. Furthermore, people's values offer more predictive power than sociodemographic characteristics when it comes to understanding the importance people place on specific media literacy outcomes. The article argues that by understanding how and why people respond differently to the goals of media literacy, educators can design more appealing and effective media literacy interventions.

The Fibreculture Journal: Issue 26 2015 Entanglements - Activism and Technology Editors: Pip Shea... more The Fibreculture Journal:
Issue 26 2015 Entanglements - Activism and Technology
Editors: Pip Shea, Tanya Notley, Jean Burgess, Su Ballard
Articles:
FCJ-188 Disability’s Digital Frictions:
Activism, Technology, and Politics—Katie Ellis, Gerard Goggin, Mike Kent
FCJ-189 Reimagining Work: Entanglements and Frictions around Future of Work Narratives—Laura Forlano, Megan Halpern
FCJ-190 Building a Better Twitter: A Study of the Twitter Alternatives GNU social, Quitter, rstat.us, and Twister—Robert W. Gehl
FCJ-191 Mirroring the Videos of Anonymous: Cloud Activism, Living Networks, and Political Mimesis—Adam Fish
FCJ-192 Sand in the Information Society Machine: How Digital Technologies Change and Challenge the Paradigms of Civil Disobedience—Theresa Züger, Stefania Milan & Leonie Maria Tanczer
FCJ-193 Harbouring Dissent: Greek Independent and Social Media and the Antifascist Movement—Sky Croeser & Tim Highfield
FCJ-194 From #RaceFail to #Ferguson: The Digital Intimacies of Race-Activist Hashtag Publics—Nathan Rambukanna
FCJ-195 Privacy, Responsibility, and Human Rights Activism—Becky Kazansky
FCJ-196 Let’s First Get Things Done! On Division of Labour and
Techno-political Practices of Delegation in Times of Crisis—Miriyam Aouragh, Seda Gürses, Jara Rocha & Femke Snelting
FCJ-197 Entanglements with Media and Technologies in the
Occupy Movement—Megan Boler & Jennie Phillips

Practitioner Reports:
FCJMESH-005 Technology and Citizen Witnessing:
Navigating the Friction Between Dual Desires for Visibility and Obscurity—Sam Gregory
FCJMESH-006 From Information Activism to the Politics of Data—
Maya Indira Ganesh and Stephanie Hankey
FCJMESH-007 Our Enduring Confusion About the
Power of Digital Tools in Protest—Ivan Sigal and Ellery Biddle
FCJMESH-008 Solutions for Online Harassment Don’t Come Easily—Jillian C. York
FCJMESH-009 Ranking Digital Rights: Keeping the Internet Safe for Advocacy—Nathalie Maréchal
FCJMESH-010 Getting Open Development Right—Zara Rahman
FCJMESH-011 : ‘We don’t work with video, we work with People’:
Reflections on Participatory Video Activism in Indonesia—M. Zamzam Fauzanafi & Kampung Halaman

FCJ-198 New International Information Order (NIIO) Revisited: Global Algorithmic Governance and N... more FCJ-198 New International Information Order (NIIO) Revisited: Global Algorithmic Governance and Neocolonialism—Danny Butt
FCJ-199 Modelling Systemic Racism: Mobilising the Dynamics of Race and Games in Everyday Racism—Robbie Fordyce , Timothy Neale & Tom Apperley
FCJ-200 When Memes Go to War: Viral Propaganda in the 2014 Gaza-Israel Conflict—Chris Rodley
FCJ-201 Visual Evidence from Above: Assessing the Value of Earth Observation Satellites for Supporting Human Rights—Tanya Notley and Camellia Webb-Gannon
FCJ-202 Simulated Wars, Virtual Engagements—Seimeng Lai and Scott Sharpe

Report, 2017

In September 2017 we surveyed a nationally representative sample of 1,000 young Australians aged ... more In September 2017 we surveyed a nationally representative sample of 1,000 young Australians aged 8-16 years to understand their news engagement practices and experiences. The analysis provided in this report considers the overall results and compares this with results filtered specifically to account for gender and age.

The analysis finds that young Australians consume a lot of news regularly and they get this news from many different sources. Engaging with news stories makes young people feel happy, motivated and knowledgeable. However, many young Australians do not trust news media organisations and perceive they are biased. Most believe news media organisations don’t understand young people’s lives and more than one third say the news does not cover the issues that matter to them. While social media is popular for getting news, only one third of young people are confident about spotting fake news online while more than half never or rarely try to work if news stories they encounter online are true or not.

By highlighting how young Australians aged 8-16 years access, classify, experience, consume and critique news media in this report, we hope to open up a conversation about news media literacy in Australia. We want the survey findings to support evidence-based discussions – with governments, schools, parents, news producers, online platforms and most of all, with young people themselves – about what needs to be done to ensure young Australians are able to access news, use news and participate in news in ways that meaningfully support their participation in society.

Digital Memory Studies: Media Pasts in Transition. Routledge, London., 2018

As our ownership of digital media devices and our use of online services increase, so too our dig... more As our ownership of digital media devices and our use of online services increase, so too our digital memories amass and our need for digital memory storage expands. This chapter asks: what do digital-global memory economies include, how do they work, who pays the cost of their expansion, and who benefits most? To understand the political economy of digital-global memory, we propose that we need a concept of memory capital, which incorporates the accumulation of the energetic labour of remembering and of forgetting in materialised form. In analysing memory capital, we focus on the unevenness of digital-global memory and on the environmental damage it causes.