John Tegzes | Western University of Health Sciences (original) (raw)
Papers by John Tegzes
Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia), 2014
Objective-To determine the perceived importance of specific competencies in professional veterina... more Objective-To determine the perceived importance of specific competencies in professional veterinary practice and education among veterinarians in several countries. Design-Survey-based prospective study. Sample-1,137 veterinarians in 10 countries. Procedures-Veterinarians were invited via email to participate in the study. A framework of 18 competencies grouped into 7 domains (veterinary expertise, communication, collaboration, entrepreneurship, health and welfare, scholarship, and personal development) was used. Respondents rated the importance of each competency for veterinary professional practice and for veterinary education by use of a 9-point Likert scale in an online questionnaire. Quantitative statistical analyses were performed to assess the data. Results-All described competencies were perceived as having importance (with overall mean ratings [all countries] ≥ 6.45/9) for professional practice and education. Competencies related to veterinary expertise had the highest ratings (overall mean, 8.33/9 for both professional practice and education). For the veterinary expertise, entrepreneurship, and scholarship domains, substantial differences (determined on the basis of statistical significance and effect size) were found in importance ratings among veterinarians in different countries. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results indicated a general consensus regarding the importance of specific types of competencies in veterinary professional practice and education. Further research into the definition of competencies essential for veterinary professionals is needed to help inform an international dialogue on the subject.
Objective-To determine the perceived importance of specific competencies in professional veterina... more Objective-To determine the perceived importance of specific competencies in professional veterinary practice and education among veterinarians in several countries. Design-Survey-based prospective study. Sample-1,137 veterinarians in 10 countries. Procedures-Veterinarians were invited via email to participate in the study. A framework of 18 competencies grouped into 7 domains (veterinary expertise, communication, collaboration, entrepreneurship, health and welfare, scholarship, and personal development) was used. Respondents rated the importance of each competency for veterinary professional practice and for veterinary education by use of a 9-point Likert scale in an online questionnaire. Quantitative statistical analyses were performed to assess the data. Results-All described competencies were perceived as having importance (with overall mean ratings [all countries] ≥ 6.45/9) for professional practice and education. Competencies related to veterinary expertise had the highest ratings (overall mean, 8.33/9 for both professional practice and education). For the veterinary expertise, entrepreneurship, and scholarship domains, substantial differences (determined on the basis of statistical significance and effect size) were found in importance ratings among veterinarians in different countries. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results indicated a general consensus regarding the importance of specific types of competencies in veterinary professional practice and education. Further research into the definition of competencies essential for veterinary professionals is needed to help inform an international dialogue on the subject.
Pharmacy Education, 2014
Background: The active learning session is a well-established method to promote deep learning. Ho... more Background: The active learning session is a well-established method to promote deep learning. However, traditional veterinary pharmacology laboratories have been removed from most curriculums. Pharmacology has become a list of therapeutics that encourages rote memorization. Aim: Student attitudes about pharmacology were explored after participation in a novel, student-centered activity. Method: Students participated in a laboratory activity, "Iron Pharmacologist", that asked teams of students to research and present the answer to individual "secret questions" in a very limited time frame. Immediate verbal feedback was provided to students on accuracy and depth of knowledge, clinical relevance, and presentation style. An anonymous, student-attitudinal survey was administered at the end of each laboratory; this survey was longitudinally administered to subsequent groups over a four-year time frame. Results: Survey results demonstrate high levels of student satisfaction and self-reported learning. Students showed higher levels of performance on external examinations following implementation of this activity. Conclusion: "Iron Pharmacologist" was well received by students, improved performance outcomes, and could be easily adapted for use in other topics.
American Journal of Veterinary Research
Sciences (WesternU) aligns with our renowned interprofessional practice and education program tha... more Sciences (WesternU) aligns with our renowned interprofessional practice and education program that emphasizes team building, communication, ethics, roles and responsibilities. Our college strives to serve the community through clinical services and student-centered research.
Journal of Interprofessional Education & Practice
Journal of interprofessional care, Jan 24, 2018
Valid assessment of interprofessional education and collaborative practice (IPECP) is challenging... more Valid assessment of interprofessional education and collaborative practice (IPECP) is challenging. The number of instruments that measure various aspects of IPECP, or in various sites is growing, however. The Interprofessional Professionalism Assessment (IPA) measures observable behaviors of health care professionals-in-training that demonstrate professionalism and collaboration when working with other health care providers in the context of people-centered care. The IPA instrument was created by the Interprofessional Professionalism Collaborative (IPC), a national group representing 12 entry-level health professions and one medical education assessment organization. The instrument was created and evaluated over several years through a comprehensive, multi-phasic process: 1) development of construct and observable behaviors, 2) instrument design, expert review and cognitive interviews, and 3) psychometric testing. The IPA contains 26 items representing six domains of professionalism...
Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 2002
This article discusses the toxic mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of mushroom poisonings enco... more This article discusses the toxic mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of mushroom poisonings encountered in small animal practices throughout North America. Although not inclusive of all mushroom toxins, sections are organized by the various types of toxins found in mushrooms. Only toxins relevant to small animal practice are presented. Mushroom poisoning is difficult to diagnose; as a result, clinical reports of mushroom poisoning are rare [31,36]. Diagnosis of mushroom poisoning is often based on identification of the suspect mushroom, evidence of its ingestion, and compatible clinical signs. When mushroom poisoning is suspected, following a systematic approach helps with diagnosis and treatment. In all suspect cases, a minimum database should be established on presentation. The following are the individual components of the minimum toxicologic database: complete blood cell count, serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, liver enzymes, blood glucose, coagulation panel, and urine for a complete urinalysis. If available, gastrointestinal contents should be saved for possible diagnostic evaluation at a later point. Identification of suspect mushrooms often requires expertise not readily available. If possible, specimens are collected from the gastric contents and the environment of the animal. Unfortunately, mushrooms collected from vomitus or gastric lavage fluids are difficult to identify. Many universities, mycologic societies, and botanic gardens maintain lists of mycologists who can assist in identifying mushrooms. The mushroom should be wrapped in paper towels and stored in a paper bag. Plastic containers or bags should not be used. Gastrointestinal decontamination is important as soon as possible after exposure. Gastric evacuation should be considered first. If the animal is Vet Clin Small Anim 32 (2002) 397-407
Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 2011
The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to assess the relationships between knowledge-based... more The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to assess the relationships between knowledge-based admission requirements and pre-clinical and clinical performance in a distributed model of veterinary education that uses problem-based learning as the main instruction method in the first two years of the curriculum; second, to compare pre-clinical and clinical performance with performance on the Program for the Assessment of Veterinary Education Equivalence (PAVE) exam. Admissions data including overall GPA, prerequisite GPA, Graduate Record Examination (GRE) score on the Analytical, Analytical Writing, Quantitative, and Verbal sections), veterinary school performance data (GPA for pre-clinical and clinical years), and performance PAVE (taken at the end of second year) were analyzed for two classes (N = 155, 85.8% women and 14.2% men). Overall GPA, prerequisite GPA, and GRE Quantitative and Analytical scores were the best predictors for pre-clinical (years 1 and 2) performance (R = 0.49, 23.5% of the variance), GRE Analytical score was the best predictor for year 3 (pre-clinical and clinical) performance (R = 0.25, 6.3% of the variance), GRE Quantitative score was the best predictor for PAVE performance (R = 0.27, 7.5% of the variance), and GRE Analytical score was the best predictor for clinical performance (year 4; R = 0.21, 4.4% of the variance). PAVE scores correlated with GRE Quantitative scores (r = 0.27, p <.01) and veterinary school performance, with higher correlations in the pre-clinical years (rs = 0.67-0.36, p < .01), providing evidence of convergent validity for the PAVE exam.
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2003
Cyanogenic glycosides are found in many native and naturalized plants throughout North America. T... more Cyanogenic glycosides are found in many native and naturalized plants throughout North America. The glycosides themselves are not toxic, but they yield hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic or prussic acid) when they are hydrolyzed by β-glycosidases, either as a result of injury to the plant cells or by microbial action in the rumen. Hydrogen cyanide is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Cyanide ion binds with iron in cytochrome oxidase, interfering with cellular respiration. The clinical effects are peracute, often resulting in death less than 1 hour after ingestion. This study describes a case that resulted in significant morbidity and mortality in a herd of goats after exposure to California holly ( Heteromeles arbutifolia).
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2004
Determination of zinc concentrations in the liver of calves and young stock is commonly requested... more Determination of zinc concentrations in the liver of calves and young stock is commonly requested by practitioners and nutritionists to assess whether they receive an appropriate amount of zinc in their diet. However, interpretation of liver zinc concentrations is currently based on information reported for adult cattle for which the health status was unknown and irrespective of production class, sex, and age. A retrospective study of necropsy reports was undertaken to assess the relationships between liver zinc concentrations and age, sex, and production class for calves that did not have a history compatible with zinc toxicosis or zinc deficiency. Results of a generalized least squares, polynomial regression analysis of 474 records found that zinc concentration was not affected by sex (P ϭ 0.29) or production class (P ϭ 0.50). Zinc concentration was significantly associated with linear (P Ͻ 0.00001) and nonlinear (quadratic, P ϭ 0.0039) functions of age (r 2 ϭ 0.1503), where the concentration decreased from 93 mg/kg wet weight at 30 days of age to 57 mg/kg wet weight at 9 months of age, after which it began to increase. The age-specific 95% confidence limits of the mean concentration for a group of calves and the 95% prediction limits of a single concentration value for an individual animal estimated in this study suggest reconsideration of the recommended limits for liver zinc concentration in calves. As a consequence of the significant influence of age on liver zinc concentration of calves presumably not experiencing zinc toxicosis or deficiency, diagnosis of zinc imbalances based on liver zinc concentration needs to consider age as a diagnostic covariate.
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2013
Objective-To describe the pharmacokinetics of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in healthy cats after oral a... more Objective-To describe the pharmacokinetics of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in healthy cats after oral and IV administration. Animals-6 healthy cats. Procedures-In a crossover study, cats received NAC (100 mg/kg) via IV and oral routes of administration; there was a 4-week washout period between treatments. Plasma samples were obtained at 0, 5, 15, 30, and 45 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after administration, and NAC concentrations were quantified by use of a validated highperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry protocol. Data were analyzed via compartmental and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. Results-Pharmacokinetics for both routes of administration were best described by a 2-compartment model. Mean ± SD elimination half-life was 0.78 ± 0.16 hours and 1.34 ± 0.24 hours for the IV and oral routes of administration, respectively. Mean bioavailability of NAC after oral administration was 19.3 ± 4.4%. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The pharmacokinetics of NAC for this small population of healthy cats differed from values reported for humans. Assuming there would be similar pharmacokinetics in diseased cats, dose extrapolations from human medicine may result in underdosing of NAC in cats with acute disease. Despite the low bioavailability, plasma concentrations of NAC after oral administration at 100 mg/kg may be effective in the treatment of chronic diseases.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 2013
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency with which veterinarians interact with... more The objective of this study was to determine the frequency with which veterinarians interact with individuals in other health professions and related fields of work. Four thousand members of the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) were surveyed. Demographic information was collected, and participants were asked how frequently they interacted with members of various professions. General comments were solicited regarding which professions veterinarians should reach out to in order to enhance veterinary health care and which professions veterinarians could interact with to improve human health care. The overall response rate was 18.6%. Demographic information suggested that the sample was representative of the profession. Frequency of interactions ranged from never to regularly, but for no group or profession was frequent interaction the norm. For practitioners, interactions with pharmacists, both dispensing and compounding, and with drug company representatives were most co...
Abstract. Cyanogenic glycosides are found in many native and naturalized plants throughout North ... more Abstract. Cyanogenic glycosides are found in many native and naturalized plants throughout North Amer-ica. The glycosides themselves are not toxic, but they yield hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic or prussic acid) when they are hydrolyzed by b-glycosidases, either as a result of injury to the plant cells or by microbial action in the rumen. Hydrogen cyanide is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Cyanide ion binds with iron in cytochrome oxidase, interfering with cellular respiration. The clinical effects are peracute, often resulting in death less than 1 hour after ingestion. This study describes a case that resulted in significant morbidity and mortality in a herd of goats after exposure to California holly (Heteromeles arbutifolia). Acute poisonings by plants containing cyanogenic glycosides are infrequently reported in goats. This is largely because of their browsing habits, which limit the amount of any 1 plant that is ingested. It is also likely that cases of acute de...
Toxicology Communications
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2021
The move toward outcomes and competency-based veterinary education began decades ago but has acce... more The move toward outcomes and competency-based veterinary education began decades ago but has accelerated in the past few years. While many advances in curriculum structure and delivery are replete in the literature, assessment methods remain challenging and less explored. This is especially true for competency domains that are behavior-based such as professionalism, which has been challenging to merely define let alone assess. The Interprofessionalism Professionalism Assessment (IPA) is a validated tool that is used in veterinary education and is useful in assessing competency domains that have remained challenging for educators. Here we present the challenges and solutions for assessing competency in veterinary education and provide examples and data from tools that may be useful especially in areas such as professionalism.
Veterinary and human toxicology, 2002
Hydroxyzine is a commonly prescribed H1-receptor antagonist in small animal practice. The most co... more Hydroxyzine is a commonly prescribed H1-receptor antagonist in small animal practice. The most common adverse effect reported after therapeutic dosing is mild sedation; severe reactions resulting in coma have occasionally been reported in children. We present a case of large po hydroxyzine exposure causing in coma and apnea in a dog. Exposure was confirmed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of urine. Extensive therapeutic measures to enhance drug elimination and assist ventilation were required for 11 d. The positive outcome justifies critical care of similarly exposed animals. Veterinarians should be aware of the potential for coma and apnea secondary to hydroxyzine exposure.
Amatoxins, the primary toxins found in mushrooms of the genus Amanita, are very toxic to dogs. Ac... more Amatoxins, the primary toxins found in mushrooms of the genus Amanita, are very toxic to dogs. Acute fulminant liver failure and death can occur within a few days of ingestion. By their curious nature, dogs, especially young dogs, are prone to ingest mushrooms. Early identification of suspect mushrooms, and prompt emergency measures aimed at decreasing absorption of the toxins can improve the chance of survival. Knowing the major clinical syndromes associated with Amanita mushroom toxicosis can help direct the treatment and supportive care of affected animals and improve survival rates. We describe 2 cases in dogs with confirmed ingestion of Amanita phalloides and Amanita ocreata resulting in fulminant liver failure. Death occurred in 1 dog despite aggressive treatment measures including hemoperfusion, while aggressive measures resulted in a favorable outcome in the other dog.
Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia), 2014
Objective-To determine the perceived importance of specific competencies in professional veterina... more Objective-To determine the perceived importance of specific competencies in professional veterinary practice and education among veterinarians in several countries. Design-Survey-based prospective study. Sample-1,137 veterinarians in 10 countries. Procedures-Veterinarians were invited via email to participate in the study. A framework of 18 competencies grouped into 7 domains (veterinary expertise, communication, collaboration, entrepreneurship, health and welfare, scholarship, and personal development) was used. Respondents rated the importance of each competency for veterinary professional practice and for veterinary education by use of a 9-point Likert scale in an online questionnaire. Quantitative statistical analyses were performed to assess the data. Results-All described competencies were perceived as having importance (with overall mean ratings [all countries] ≥ 6.45/9) for professional practice and education. Competencies related to veterinary expertise had the highest ratings (overall mean, 8.33/9 for both professional practice and education). For the veterinary expertise, entrepreneurship, and scholarship domains, substantial differences (determined on the basis of statistical significance and effect size) were found in importance ratings among veterinarians in different countries. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results indicated a general consensus regarding the importance of specific types of competencies in veterinary professional practice and education. Further research into the definition of competencies essential for veterinary professionals is needed to help inform an international dialogue on the subject.
Objective-To determine the perceived importance of specific competencies in professional veterina... more Objective-To determine the perceived importance of specific competencies in professional veterinary practice and education among veterinarians in several countries. Design-Survey-based prospective study. Sample-1,137 veterinarians in 10 countries. Procedures-Veterinarians were invited via email to participate in the study. A framework of 18 competencies grouped into 7 domains (veterinary expertise, communication, collaboration, entrepreneurship, health and welfare, scholarship, and personal development) was used. Respondents rated the importance of each competency for veterinary professional practice and for veterinary education by use of a 9-point Likert scale in an online questionnaire. Quantitative statistical analyses were performed to assess the data. Results-All described competencies were perceived as having importance (with overall mean ratings [all countries] ≥ 6.45/9) for professional practice and education. Competencies related to veterinary expertise had the highest ratings (overall mean, 8.33/9 for both professional practice and education). For the veterinary expertise, entrepreneurship, and scholarship domains, substantial differences (determined on the basis of statistical significance and effect size) were found in importance ratings among veterinarians in different countries. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results indicated a general consensus regarding the importance of specific types of competencies in veterinary professional practice and education. Further research into the definition of competencies essential for veterinary professionals is needed to help inform an international dialogue on the subject.
Pharmacy Education, 2014
Background: The active learning session is a well-established method to promote deep learning. Ho... more Background: The active learning session is a well-established method to promote deep learning. However, traditional veterinary pharmacology laboratories have been removed from most curriculums. Pharmacology has become a list of therapeutics that encourages rote memorization. Aim: Student attitudes about pharmacology were explored after participation in a novel, student-centered activity. Method: Students participated in a laboratory activity, "Iron Pharmacologist", that asked teams of students to research and present the answer to individual "secret questions" in a very limited time frame. Immediate verbal feedback was provided to students on accuracy and depth of knowledge, clinical relevance, and presentation style. An anonymous, student-attitudinal survey was administered at the end of each laboratory; this survey was longitudinally administered to subsequent groups over a four-year time frame. Results: Survey results demonstrate high levels of student satisfaction and self-reported learning. Students showed higher levels of performance on external examinations following implementation of this activity. Conclusion: "Iron Pharmacologist" was well received by students, improved performance outcomes, and could be easily adapted for use in other topics.
American Journal of Veterinary Research
Sciences (WesternU) aligns with our renowned interprofessional practice and education program tha... more Sciences (WesternU) aligns with our renowned interprofessional practice and education program that emphasizes team building, communication, ethics, roles and responsibilities. Our college strives to serve the community through clinical services and student-centered research.
Journal of Interprofessional Education & Practice
Journal of interprofessional care, Jan 24, 2018
Valid assessment of interprofessional education and collaborative practice (IPECP) is challenging... more Valid assessment of interprofessional education and collaborative practice (IPECP) is challenging. The number of instruments that measure various aspects of IPECP, or in various sites is growing, however. The Interprofessional Professionalism Assessment (IPA) measures observable behaviors of health care professionals-in-training that demonstrate professionalism and collaboration when working with other health care providers in the context of people-centered care. The IPA instrument was created by the Interprofessional Professionalism Collaborative (IPC), a national group representing 12 entry-level health professions and one medical education assessment organization. The instrument was created and evaluated over several years through a comprehensive, multi-phasic process: 1) development of construct and observable behaviors, 2) instrument design, expert review and cognitive interviews, and 3) psychometric testing. The IPA contains 26 items representing six domains of professionalism...
Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 2002
This article discusses the toxic mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of mushroom poisonings enco... more This article discusses the toxic mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of mushroom poisonings encountered in small animal practices throughout North America. Although not inclusive of all mushroom toxins, sections are organized by the various types of toxins found in mushrooms. Only toxins relevant to small animal practice are presented. Mushroom poisoning is difficult to diagnose; as a result, clinical reports of mushroom poisoning are rare [31,36]. Diagnosis of mushroom poisoning is often based on identification of the suspect mushroom, evidence of its ingestion, and compatible clinical signs. When mushroom poisoning is suspected, following a systematic approach helps with diagnosis and treatment. In all suspect cases, a minimum database should be established on presentation. The following are the individual components of the minimum toxicologic database: complete blood cell count, serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, liver enzymes, blood glucose, coagulation panel, and urine for a complete urinalysis. If available, gastrointestinal contents should be saved for possible diagnostic evaluation at a later point. Identification of suspect mushrooms often requires expertise not readily available. If possible, specimens are collected from the gastric contents and the environment of the animal. Unfortunately, mushrooms collected from vomitus or gastric lavage fluids are difficult to identify. Many universities, mycologic societies, and botanic gardens maintain lists of mycologists who can assist in identifying mushrooms. The mushroom should be wrapped in paper towels and stored in a paper bag. Plastic containers or bags should not be used. Gastrointestinal decontamination is important as soon as possible after exposure. Gastric evacuation should be considered first. If the animal is Vet Clin Small Anim 32 (2002) 397-407
Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 2011
The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to assess the relationships between knowledge-based... more The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to assess the relationships between knowledge-based admission requirements and pre-clinical and clinical performance in a distributed model of veterinary education that uses problem-based learning as the main instruction method in the first two years of the curriculum; second, to compare pre-clinical and clinical performance with performance on the Program for the Assessment of Veterinary Education Equivalence (PAVE) exam. Admissions data including overall GPA, prerequisite GPA, Graduate Record Examination (GRE) score on the Analytical, Analytical Writing, Quantitative, and Verbal sections), veterinary school performance data (GPA for pre-clinical and clinical years), and performance PAVE (taken at the end of second year) were analyzed for two classes (N = 155, 85.8% women and 14.2% men). Overall GPA, prerequisite GPA, and GRE Quantitative and Analytical scores were the best predictors for pre-clinical (years 1 and 2) performance (R = 0.49, 23.5% of the variance), GRE Analytical score was the best predictor for year 3 (pre-clinical and clinical) performance (R = 0.25, 6.3% of the variance), GRE Quantitative score was the best predictor for PAVE performance (R = 0.27, 7.5% of the variance), and GRE Analytical score was the best predictor for clinical performance (year 4; R = 0.21, 4.4% of the variance). PAVE scores correlated with GRE Quantitative scores (r = 0.27, p <.01) and veterinary school performance, with higher correlations in the pre-clinical years (rs = 0.67-0.36, p < .01), providing evidence of convergent validity for the PAVE exam.
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2003
Cyanogenic glycosides are found in many native and naturalized plants throughout North America. T... more Cyanogenic glycosides are found in many native and naturalized plants throughout North America. The glycosides themselves are not toxic, but they yield hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic or prussic acid) when they are hydrolyzed by β-glycosidases, either as a result of injury to the plant cells or by microbial action in the rumen. Hydrogen cyanide is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Cyanide ion binds with iron in cytochrome oxidase, interfering with cellular respiration. The clinical effects are peracute, often resulting in death less than 1 hour after ingestion. This study describes a case that resulted in significant morbidity and mortality in a herd of goats after exposure to California holly ( Heteromeles arbutifolia).
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2004
Determination of zinc concentrations in the liver of calves and young stock is commonly requested... more Determination of zinc concentrations in the liver of calves and young stock is commonly requested by practitioners and nutritionists to assess whether they receive an appropriate amount of zinc in their diet. However, interpretation of liver zinc concentrations is currently based on information reported for adult cattle for which the health status was unknown and irrespective of production class, sex, and age. A retrospective study of necropsy reports was undertaken to assess the relationships between liver zinc concentrations and age, sex, and production class for calves that did not have a history compatible with zinc toxicosis or zinc deficiency. Results of a generalized least squares, polynomial regression analysis of 474 records found that zinc concentration was not affected by sex (P ϭ 0.29) or production class (P ϭ 0.50). Zinc concentration was significantly associated with linear (P Ͻ 0.00001) and nonlinear (quadratic, P ϭ 0.0039) functions of age (r 2 ϭ 0.1503), where the concentration decreased from 93 mg/kg wet weight at 30 days of age to 57 mg/kg wet weight at 9 months of age, after which it began to increase. The age-specific 95% confidence limits of the mean concentration for a group of calves and the 95% prediction limits of a single concentration value for an individual animal estimated in this study suggest reconsideration of the recommended limits for liver zinc concentration in calves. As a consequence of the significant influence of age on liver zinc concentration of calves presumably not experiencing zinc toxicosis or deficiency, diagnosis of zinc imbalances based on liver zinc concentration needs to consider age as a diagnostic covariate.
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2013
Objective-To describe the pharmacokinetics of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in healthy cats after oral a... more Objective-To describe the pharmacokinetics of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in healthy cats after oral and IV administration. Animals-6 healthy cats. Procedures-In a crossover study, cats received NAC (100 mg/kg) via IV and oral routes of administration; there was a 4-week washout period between treatments. Plasma samples were obtained at 0, 5, 15, 30, and 45 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after administration, and NAC concentrations were quantified by use of a validated highperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry protocol. Data were analyzed via compartmental and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. Results-Pharmacokinetics for both routes of administration were best described by a 2-compartment model. Mean ± SD elimination half-life was 0.78 ± 0.16 hours and 1.34 ± 0.24 hours for the IV and oral routes of administration, respectively. Mean bioavailability of NAC after oral administration was 19.3 ± 4.4%. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The pharmacokinetics of NAC for this small population of healthy cats differed from values reported for humans. Assuming there would be similar pharmacokinetics in diseased cats, dose extrapolations from human medicine may result in underdosing of NAC in cats with acute disease. Despite the low bioavailability, plasma concentrations of NAC after oral administration at 100 mg/kg may be effective in the treatment of chronic diseases.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 2013
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency with which veterinarians interact with... more The objective of this study was to determine the frequency with which veterinarians interact with individuals in other health professions and related fields of work. Four thousand members of the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) were surveyed. Demographic information was collected, and participants were asked how frequently they interacted with members of various professions. General comments were solicited regarding which professions veterinarians should reach out to in order to enhance veterinary health care and which professions veterinarians could interact with to improve human health care. The overall response rate was 18.6%. Demographic information suggested that the sample was representative of the profession. Frequency of interactions ranged from never to regularly, but for no group or profession was frequent interaction the norm. For practitioners, interactions with pharmacists, both dispensing and compounding, and with drug company representatives were most co...
Abstract. Cyanogenic glycosides are found in many native and naturalized plants throughout North ... more Abstract. Cyanogenic glycosides are found in many native and naturalized plants throughout North Amer-ica. The glycosides themselves are not toxic, but they yield hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic or prussic acid) when they are hydrolyzed by b-glycosidases, either as a result of injury to the plant cells or by microbial action in the rumen. Hydrogen cyanide is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Cyanide ion binds with iron in cytochrome oxidase, interfering with cellular respiration. The clinical effects are peracute, often resulting in death less than 1 hour after ingestion. This study describes a case that resulted in significant morbidity and mortality in a herd of goats after exposure to California holly (Heteromeles arbutifolia). Acute poisonings by plants containing cyanogenic glycosides are infrequently reported in goats. This is largely because of their browsing habits, which limit the amount of any 1 plant that is ingested. It is also likely that cases of acute de...
Toxicology Communications
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2021
The move toward outcomes and competency-based veterinary education began decades ago but has acce... more The move toward outcomes and competency-based veterinary education began decades ago but has accelerated in the past few years. While many advances in curriculum structure and delivery are replete in the literature, assessment methods remain challenging and less explored. This is especially true for competency domains that are behavior-based such as professionalism, which has been challenging to merely define let alone assess. The Interprofessionalism Professionalism Assessment (IPA) is a validated tool that is used in veterinary education and is useful in assessing competency domains that have remained challenging for educators. Here we present the challenges and solutions for assessing competency in veterinary education and provide examples and data from tools that may be useful especially in areas such as professionalism.
Veterinary and human toxicology, 2002
Hydroxyzine is a commonly prescribed H1-receptor antagonist in small animal practice. The most co... more Hydroxyzine is a commonly prescribed H1-receptor antagonist in small animal practice. The most common adverse effect reported after therapeutic dosing is mild sedation; severe reactions resulting in coma have occasionally been reported in children. We present a case of large po hydroxyzine exposure causing in coma and apnea in a dog. Exposure was confirmed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of urine. Extensive therapeutic measures to enhance drug elimination and assist ventilation were required for 11 d. The positive outcome justifies critical care of similarly exposed animals. Veterinarians should be aware of the potential for coma and apnea secondary to hydroxyzine exposure.
Amatoxins, the primary toxins found in mushrooms of the genus Amanita, are very toxic to dogs. Ac... more Amatoxins, the primary toxins found in mushrooms of the genus Amanita, are very toxic to dogs. Acute fulminant liver failure and death can occur within a few days of ingestion. By their curious nature, dogs, especially young dogs, are prone to ingest mushrooms. Early identification of suspect mushrooms, and prompt emergency measures aimed at decreasing absorption of the toxins can improve the chance of survival. Knowing the major clinical syndromes associated with Amanita mushroom toxicosis can help direct the treatment and supportive care of affected animals and improve survival rates. We describe 2 cases in dogs with confirmed ingestion of Amanita phalloides and Amanita ocreata resulting in fulminant liver failure. Death occurred in 1 dog despite aggressive treatment measures including hemoperfusion, while aggressive measures resulted in a favorable outcome in the other dog.