Michael Spall | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (original) (raw)

Papers by Michael Spall

Research paper thumbnail of Wind-forced variability of the zonal overturning circulation

Journal of Physical Oceanography, Feb 14, 2022

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Research paper thumbnail of Cyclonic eddies in the West Greenland boundary current system

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Research paper thumbnail of Reply to “Comments on ‘The Interaction of an Eastward-Flowing Current and an Island: Sub- and Supercritical Flow’”

Journal of Physical Oceanography, Jul 1, 2016

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Research paper thumbnail of Wind-Forced Variability of the Remote Meridional Overturning Circulation

Journal of Physical Oceanography, Feb 1, 2020

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Research paper thumbnail of Onset of time-dependence in a double-gyre circulation: Barotropic basin modes versus classical baroclinic modes

Journal of Marine Research, Mar 1, 2010

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Research paper thumbnail of Buoyancy-forced circulations in shallow marginal seas

Journal of Marine Research, Jul 1, 2005

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Research paper thumbnail of Deep Convection east of Greenland: Atmospheric forcing and oceanic response

EGS - AGU - EUG Joint Assembly, Apr 1, 2003

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Research paper thumbnail of Sinking of North Atlantic waters in a global ocean model: location and controlling factors

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Research paper thumbnail of Hidden Upwelling Systems Associated with Major Western Boundary Currents

Journal Of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Mar 1, 2022

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Research paper thumbnail of Physical Controls on the Macrofaunal Benthic Biomass in Barrow Canyon, Chukchi Sea

Journal Of Geophysical Research: Oceans, May 1, 2021

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Research paper thumbnail of Shelf–Open Ocean Exchange Forced by Wind Jets

Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2018

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Research paper thumbnail of Low-frequency interaction between horizontal and overturning gyres in the ocean

Geophysical Research Letters, Sep 30, 2008

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Research paper thumbnail of Origin and Fate of the Chukchi Slope Current Using a Numerical Model and In‐Situ Data

Journal Of Geophysical Research: Oceans, May 1, 2021

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Research paper thumbnail of Influences of Precipitation on Water Mass Transformation and Deep Convection

Journal of Physical Oceanography, May 22, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of On the Role of Eddies and Surface Forcing in the Heat Transport and Overturning Circulation in Marginal Seas

Journal of Climate, Sep 15, 2011

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Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Irminger Current Eddies for the Restratification of the Labrador Sea

EGS - AGU - EUG Joint Assembly, Apr 1, 2003

ABSTRACT The Labrador Sea is one of the few regions in the world ocean where deep convection occu... more ABSTRACT The Labrador Sea is one of the few regions in the world ocean where deep convection occurs, and is thus of crucial importance for our understanding of the thermohaline circulation. The properties of the deep, convected water masses are not only set by the winter conditions in the area, but also by the degree of restratification over summer. Observations show that three to four months after wintertime convection, a stratified layer of ˜1000 m caps the convected Labrador Sea Water again. This rapid restratification process is yet poorly understood. Previous work suggests that geostrophic eddies spawned by the baroclinic instability of the convected area are responsible. In this study, we focus on the possible role of Irminger Current eddies for the restratification process. These eddies, which are shed on a regular basis from the boundary current near the west coast of Greenland, are known to carry warm, salty waters into the Labrador Sea interior. In an idealized model set-up, we study the formation of the eddies and the underlying instability mechanism. For a realistic 'end-of-winter'-state, in the absence of the Irminger Current, it is shown that the interior convection site generates only weak baroclinic currents, so that restratification by the resulting instabilities is insufficient. By contrast, cases in which Irminger Current eddies are formed along the coast of Greenland are shown to rapidly restratify the convected water mass in the interior of the Labrador Sea. Finally, we demonstrate that Irminger Current eddies can balance a significant portion of the the atmospheric heat loss, and thus play an important role for the water mass transformation in the Labrador Sea.

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Research paper thumbnail of Recirculation Gyres In The Labrador Sea and Their Influence On Deep Convection

EGS General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2002

ABSTRACT

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Research paper thumbnail of Rossby Normal Modes in Basins with Barriers*

Journal of Physical Oceanography, Sep 1, 1999

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Research paper thumbnail of Katabatic Wind‐Driven Exchange in Fjords

Journal Of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Oct 1, 2017

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Research paper thumbnail of Regional primitive equation modeling and analysis of the polymode data set

Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 1989

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Research paper thumbnail of Wind-forced variability of the zonal overturning circulation

Journal of Physical Oceanography, Feb 14, 2022

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Research paper thumbnail of Cyclonic eddies in the West Greenland boundary current system

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Research paper thumbnail of Reply to “Comments on ‘The Interaction of an Eastward-Flowing Current and an Island: Sub- and Supercritical Flow’”

Journal of Physical Oceanography, Jul 1, 2016

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Research paper thumbnail of Wind-Forced Variability of the Remote Meridional Overturning Circulation

Journal of Physical Oceanography, Feb 1, 2020

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Research paper thumbnail of Onset of time-dependence in a double-gyre circulation: Barotropic basin modes versus classical baroclinic modes

Journal of Marine Research, Mar 1, 2010

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Research paper thumbnail of Buoyancy-forced circulations in shallow marginal seas

Journal of Marine Research, Jul 1, 2005

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Research paper thumbnail of Deep Convection east of Greenland: Atmospheric forcing and oceanic response

EGS - AGU - EUG Joint Assembly, Apr 1, 2003

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Research paper thumbnail of Sinking of North Atlantic waters in a global ocean model: location and controlling factors

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Research paper thumbnail of Hidden Upwelling Systems Associated with Major Western Boundary Currents

Journal Of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Mar 1, 2022

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Research paper thumbnail of Physical Controls on the Macrofaunal Benthic Biomass in Barrow Canyon, Chukchi Sea

Journal Of Geophysical Research: Oceans, May 1, 2021

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Research paper thumbnail of Shelf–Open Ocean Exchange Forced by Wind Jets

Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2018

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Research paper thumbnail of Low-frequency interaction between horizontal and overturning gyres in the ocean

Geophysical Research Letters, Sep 30, 2008

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Research paper thumbnail of Origin and Fate of the Chukchi Slope Current Using a Numerical Model and In‐Situ Data

Journal Of Geophysical Research: Oceans, May 1, 2021

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Research paper thumbnail of Influences of Precipitation on Water Mass Transformation and Deep Convection

Journal of Physical Oceanography, May 22, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of On the Role of Eddies and Surface Forcing in the Heat Transport and Overturning Circulation in Marginal Seas

Journal of Climate, Sep 15, 2011

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Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Irminger Current Eddies for the Restratification of the Labrador Sea

EGS - AGU - EUG Joint Assembly, Apr 1, 2003

ABSTRACT The Labrador Sea is one of the few regions in the world ocean where deep convection occu... more ABSTRACT The Labrador Sea is one of the few regions in the world ocean where deep convection occurs, and is thus of crucial importance for our understanding of the thermohaline circulation. The properties of the deep, convected water masses are not only set by the winter conditions in the area, but also by the degree of restratification over summer. Observations show that three to four months after wintertime convection, a stratified layer of ˜1000 m caps the convected Labrador Sea Water again. This rapid restratification process is yet poorly understood. Previous work suggests that geostrophic eddies spawned by the baroclinic instability of the convected area are responsible. In this study, we focus on the possible role of Irminger Current eddies for the restratification process. These eddies, which are shed on a regular basis from the boundary current near the west coast of Greenland, are known to carry warm, salty waters into the Labrador Sea interior. In an idealized model set-up, we study the formation of the eddies and the underlying instability mechanism. For a realistic 'end-of-winter'-state, in the absence of the Irminger Current, it is shown that the interior convection site generates only weak baroclinic currents, so that restratification by the resulting instabilities is insufficient. By contrast, cases in which Irminger Current eddies are formed along the coast of Greenland are shown to rapidly restratify the convected water mass in the interior of the Labrador Sea. Finally, we demonstrate that Irminger Current eddies can balance a significant portion of the the atmospheric heat loss, and thus play an important role for the water mass transformation in the Labrador Sea.

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Research paper thumbnail of Recirculation Gyres In The Labrador Sea and Their Influence On Deep Convection

EGS General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2002

ABSTRACT

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Research paper thumbnail of Rossby Normal Modes in Basins with Barriers*

Journal of Physical Oceanography, Sep 1, 1999

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Research paper thumbnail of Katabatic Wind‐Driven Exchange in Fjords

Journal Of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Oct 1, 2017

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Research paper thumbnail of Regional primitive equation modeling and analysis of the polymode data set

Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 1989

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