Christine Grover | University Of Winchester (original) (raw)
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Papers by Christine Grover
Journal of Property Investment Finance, Apr 17, 2015
ABSTRACT http://eres.scix.net/data/works/att/eres2013\_93.content.05968.pdf
Journal of Property Investment & Finance, 2015
Pioneering work by de Soto has demonstrated the importance of secure property rights for economic... more Pioneering work by de Soto has demonstrated the importance of secure property rights for economic development. This has led to a number of projects supported by the World Bank and donor agencies in emerging, transitional and developing economies designed to create secure property rights through titling and land registration. There is, however, still considerable uncertainty about the conditions needed for improvement in security of tenure. In particular there is a question as to whether tenure security interventions can be effective if pursued in isolation from other policy initiatives, for example, aimed at changing the business environment or the ethos of public service. This paper takes four measures of the security of property rights produced by the Heritage Foundation, the World Economic Forum, Bertelsmann Stiftung, and USAID and examines the factors which are associated with greater security. It focuses on the countries included in the USAID study and those in the Bertelsmann Transformation Index in order to exclude the richer countries which generally have a relatively high level of security of property rights as it is considered that their presence in a sample could have a distorting effect. The paper includes a critique of the sources of property rights data. It examines the extent to which secure property rights are associated with factors such as the strength of the legal system, corruption and the efficiency of government, the quality of the governance of a country, the quality of corporate governance, the degree of development of the business environment, the quality of education, healthcare and infrastructure, the strength of the financial system, gender equality, and environmental stress. TS09L -Land Administration and Sustainable Development, 5583 Richard Grover & Christine Grover Influences on the Strength of Property Rights FIG Working Week 2012 Knowing to manage the territory, protect the environment, evaluate the cultural heritage Rome,
Part 1 of the Finance Act (1909-10) introduced a series of duties on land including a 20% tax on ... more Part 1 of the Finance Act (1909-10) introduced a series of duties on land including a 20% tax on the increase in the incremental value of land. This was payable on its transfer, sale or lease or on the death of the owner. Corporate and unincorporated bodies were to pay the tax every fifteenth years and there was to be a tax of 0.2% per annum on the capital value of unimproved land where building had been held back for speculative purposes. These new taxes required the creation of a fiscal cadastre in order to provide a definitive valuation of each piece of land on a specific date as a baseline against which subsequent increases in value could be measured and taxes levied. This was the first national fiscal cadastre for the UK compiled by professional valuers using modern valuation techniques. The paper examines how the fiscal cadastre was compiled, including the organisation that had to be created for the purpose. In the event the duties were never collected. Political changes brought to power a government that was opposed to the duties and they were abolished, but not until after the fiscal cadastre had been created. The UK does not have a general cadastre and at that time did not have compulsory land registration. The study of how the fiscal cadastre was created helps to identify which were the preconditions that supported it. In drawing up the fiscal cadastre the government had access to accurate large-scale maps compiled by the Ordnance Survey. There was a valuation profession organised by the Surveyors' Institution. Its members had established valuation methods and knowledge of current market conditions. Many of them were recruited as temporary employees of the Valuation Office to work on the fiscal cadastre. The government was also able to draw on the knowledge of the ownership and occupancy of land in their communities possessed by assessors of local property taxes. Such taxes had been the mainstay of local government finance since the sixteenth century. The absence of land registration and a general cadastre therefore were no constraint on the compilation of a fiscal cadastre capable of taxing land according to its market value.
Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 1996
Page 1. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1996 173 An Analysis... more Page 1. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1996 173 An Analysis of Student Grade Expectations and Marker Consistency ALAN J. PENNY & CHRISTINE GROVER, King Alfred's College of Higher Education, Winchester, UK ...
Journal of Property Investment Finance, Apr 17, 2015
ABSTRACT http://eres.scix.net/data/works/att/eres2013\_93.content.05968.pdf
Journal of Property Investment & Finance, 2015
Pioneering work by de Soto has demonstrated the importance of secure property rights for economic... more Pioneering work by de Soto has demonstrated the importance of secure property rights for economic development. This has led to a number of projects supported by the World Bank and donor agencies in emerging, transitional and developing economies designed to create secure property rights through titling and land registration. There is, however, still considerable uncertainty about the conditions needed for improvement in security of tenure. In particular there is a question as to whether tenure security interventions can be effective if pursued in isolation from other policy initiatives, for example, aimed at changing the business environment or the ethos of public service. This paper takes four measures of the security of property rights produced by the Heritage Foundation, the World Economic Forum, Bertelsmann Stiftung, and USAID and examines the factors which are associated with greater security. It focuses on the countries included in the USAID study and those in the Bertelsmann Transformation Index in order to exclude the richer countries which generally have a relatively high level of security of property rights as it is considered that their presence in a sample could have a distorting effect. The paper includes a critique of the sources of property rights data. It examines the extent to which secure property rights are associated with factors such as the strength of the legal system, corruption and the efficiency of government, the quality of the governance of a country, the quality of corporate governance, the degree of development of the business environment, the quality of education, healthcare and infrastructure, the strength of the financial system, gender equality, and environmental stress. TS09L -Land Administration and Sustainable Development, 5583 Richard Grover & Christine Grover Influences on the Strength of Property Rights FIG Working Week 2012 Knowing to manage the territory, protect the environment, evaluate the cultural heritage Rome,
Part 1 of the Finance Act (1909-10) introduced a series of duties on land including a 20% tax on ... more Part 1 of the Finance Act (1909-10) introduced a series of duties on land including a 20% tax on the increase in the incremental value of land. This was payable on its transfer, sale or lease or on the death of the owner. Corporate and unincorporated bodies were to pay the tax every fifteenth years and there was to be a tax of 0.2% per annum on the capital value of unimproved land where building had been held back for speculative purposes. These new taxes required the creation of a fiscal cadastre in order to provide a definitive valuation of each piece of land on a specific date as a baseline against which subsequent increases in value could be measured and taxes levied. This was the first national fiscal cadastre for the UK compiled by professional valuers using modern valuation techniques. The paper examines how the fiscal cadastre was compiled, including the organisation that had to be created for the purpose. In the event the duties were never collected. Political changes brought to power a government that was opposed to the duties and they were abolished, but not until after the fiscal cadastre had been created. The UK does not have a general cadastre and at that time did not have compulsory land registration. The study of how the fiscal cadastre was created helps to identify which were the preconditions that supported it. In drawing up the fiscal cadastre the government had access to accurate large-scale maps compiled by the Ordnance Survey. There was a valuation profession organised by the Surveyors' Institution. Its members had established valuation methods and knowledge of current market conditions. Many of them were recruited as temporary employees of the Valuation Office to work on the fiscal cadastre. The government was also able to draw on the knowledge of the ownership and occupancy of land in their communities possessed by assessors of local property taxes. Such taxes had been the mainstay of local government finance since the sixteenth century. The absence of land registration and a general cadastre therefore were no constraint on the compilation of a fiscal cadastre capable of taxing land according to its market value.
Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 1996
Page 1. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1996 173 An Analysis... more Page 1. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1996 173 An Analysis of Student Grade Expectations and Marker Consistency ALAN J. PENNY & CHRISTINE GROVER, King Alfred's College of Higher Education, Winchester, UK ...