H. Goldsmith | University of Wisconsin-Madison (original) (raw)

Papers by H. Goldsmith

... 13 GENETICS OF PERSONALITY: A TWIN STUDY OF THE FIVE-FACTOR MODEL AND PARENT-OFFSPRING ANALYS... more ... 13 GENETICS OF PERSONALITY: A TWIN STUDY OF THE FIVE-FACTOR MODEL AND PARENT-OFFSPRING ANALYSES HH Goldsmith University of Wisconsin-Madison Sandra H. Losoya University of Oregon Donna L. Dradshaw Harvard University JJ Campos University of ...

Journal of Research in Personality, 2017

PLOS ONE, Aug 31, 2022

Person-centered typologies identified with latent profile analysis can clarify patterns of chroni... more Person-centered typologies identified with latent profile analysis can clarify patterns of chronic and acute risk factors for suicidal ideation. We derived five profiles of individuals using cognitive, behavioral, and familial factors relating to suicidal ideation risk factors. Participants (n = 1,142) were assessed at age 8 using the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery and mother-reported parenting measures and at age 14 using interviews about clinical symptoms and suicidal ideation. The best-fitting model included five profiles: typical, elevated adolescent symptomology, mildly elevated typical, low childhood persistence, and very low childhood persistence/mixed symptoms. Participants in the elevated adolescent symptomology and very low childhood persistence/mixed symptoms profiles were 2.6 and 5.3 times more likely to report suicidal ideation compared with the typical profile. Overall, our results underscore how using a person-centered pattern recognition approach and incorporating facets of childhood behavior may enhance conceptualizations of adolescent suicidal ideation risk.

Continuities and Discontinuities in Development, 1984

There exists a largely unrecognized correspondence between two alter-native views of the nature o... more There exists a largely unrecognized correspondence between two alter-native views of the nature of longitudinal continuity of behavior and the dual nature of the discipline of genetics. The significance of this corre-spondence lies in its heuristic value for conceptualizing the genetic basis of behavioral continuity and change. The two alternative perspectives on longitudinal continuity are probably apparent in contributions to this volume as well as earlier conceptualizations (e.g., Emde, 1978; Kagan, 1971, 1980; Lewis & Starr, 1979; McCall, 1977; Overton & Reese, 1981; Riegel, 1976; Wohlwill, 1973). At the risk of oversimplifying these contri-butions, two major themes of continuity can be discerned: (1) linear stability, in the sense of maintenance of rank order of interindividual or intraindividual differences in the same, related, or derivative behavioral dimensions; and (2) functional continuity at the level of behavioral systems, including continuity of goals of behavior across periods of reorga-nization. The latter view of continuity, rapidly gaining adherents because it offers explanations for change and emergent behavior as well as con-stancy, will be referred to as the organizational continuity perspective.

III COLLABORATION-We present the BES-III Collaboration preliminary results for a model independen... more III COLLABORATION-We present the BES-III Collaboration preliminary results for a model independent measurement of the strong phase difference between D 0 and D 0 → K 0 π + π − , through a binned dalitz analysis. The BES-III ψ(3770) dataset generates D 0 and D 0 pairs in a quantum-correlated state, which gives information about the CP state of the D 0 decay, allowing for a model independent measurement. The strong phase difference parameters c i and s i are determined for each phase bin of the D 0 → K 0 π + π − dalitz plot by measuring the population of CP and flavor states present. These results represent a significant statistical improvement in a previously statically limited measurement, which will allow for increased precision in the measurement of unitarity triangle angle γ/ϕ 3 using the decay B ± → D(K 0 S π + π −)K ± through the GGSZ method.

Brain structure & function, Jan 5, 2018

The developing brain undergoes systematic changes that occur at successive stages of maturation. ... more The developing brain undergoes systematic changes that occur at successive stages of maturation. Deviations from the typical neurodevelopmental trajectory are hypothesized to underlie many early childhood disorders; thus, characterizing the earliest patterns of normative brain development is essential. Recent neuroimaging research provides insight into brain structure during late childhood and adolescence; however, few studies have examined the infant brain, particularly in infants under 3 months of age. Using high-resolution structural MRI, we measured subcortical gray and white matter brain volumes in a cohort (N = 143) of 1-month infants and examined characteristics of these volumetric measures throughout this early period of neurodevelopment. We show that brain volumes undergo age-related changes during the first month of life, with the corresponding patterns of regional asymmetry and sexual dimorphism. Specifically, males have larger total brain volume and volumes differ by sex...

Human biology, 1998

Personality, temperament, and psychopathology were until recently largely distinct areas of study... more Personality, temperament, and psychopathology were until recently largely distinct areas of study, each of which emphasized partitioning of heritable and environmental variance. The emergence of the paradigm of developmental psychopathology along with application of multivariate biometric models to behavioral genetic data has defined a second phase of research in these domains. Integrated research has begun to map dimensional liability-threshold models of psychopathology and to evaluate empirically the categorical versus dimensional etiology of traits and disorders. An interesting pattern in the data is that psychopathology is probably not merely an extreme of temperament or personality in many cases. Variations in temperament and personality are now known to be heavily influenced by additive genetic and nonshared environmental factors and to exhibit stable or increasing heritability across development. This pattern holds for some measures of psychopathology but not for others. For ...

New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 1986

The developmental significance of temperament lies primarily in its impact on the social context ... more The developmental significance of temperament lies primarily in its impact on the social context of the child, according to most recent conceptualizations (Goldsmith and Camps, 1982; Lerner and Lemer, 1983; Thomas and Chess, 1977). In infancy, the central figure in the baby's social world is the attachment figure, and thus a major issue for temperament research is: How do individual differences in the various dimensions of temperament influence the developing attachment relationship? The joint study of attachment and temperament may prove particularly instructive because it involves one variable that is primarily relational-attachment-We appreciate the comments of Jacqueline V. Lerner, Richard M. h e r , Mary Rothbart, and James Connell on an earlier draft of this chapter. In addition, conversations with Wanda Bronson, Joseph Campos, Joan Stevenson-Hinde, Ross Thompson, and Everett Waters contributed directly to our thinking about issues of temperament and attachment. Goldsmith was supported by a Research Career Development Award (HD-00694) during the preparation of this chapter, and the Spencer Foundation funded Bradshaw and Goldsmith's research reported herein. 5 J. V. h a and R M. Lrma (Ed%). Tmprmmaf and Social Inkration During Infancy a d Childhmd New Dimdons tor Child Dcvelopmrns no. 31. San Frandsco: J w B a y. Mar& 19%.

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1987

Because of the possible implications of infant-mother attachment for later adjustment, we examine... more Because of the possible implications of infant-mother attachment for later adjustment, we examined the extent to which it could be predicted by mother interactional variables and infant proneness to distress. The meta-analysis demonstrated that sensitive, responsive maternal interaction predicted the security of attachment in Ainsworth and Wittig's (1969) "strange situation." However, the strength of the relation was less than many narrative reviews have suggested. Proneness to distress, which is conceptualized as a temperamental variable, predicted resistance, which is a behavioral pattern in the strange situation that is thought to indicate one variety of insecure attachment. The strength of this association was low but was roughly comparable to that in the maternal domain. In both the maternal and infant domains, we attempted to predict the effect sizes by study characteristics such as method of assessment, sample composition, and age of subjects at the time of study. The pattern of results highlights several continuing methodological problems in the field and suggests that additional explanantory concepts are needed. Variation in maternal caregiving and infant temperament are two potential predictors of the quality of the mother-infant relationship in early life. Our review of these issues is motivated, in part, by the widespread belief that mother-infant attachment influences later adaptation, including the development of behavioral disorders (Sroufe, 1983). Although the cumulative evidence for the effect of variation in attachment quality on psychopathology is still inconclusive, serious anomalies of attachment that may result from maltreatment foreshadow poor outcomes (e.g., Cicchetti & Rizley, 1981; Oaensbauer & Harmon, 1982; Schneider-Rosen & Cicchetti, 1984). Study of the typical range of variation in attachment has yielded enough suggestive evidence to justify a volume called the Clinical Implications of Attachment (Belsky & Nezworski, in press). Although we must avoid uncritical attribution of later outcomes to early developmental influences (Rutter, 1981), the organizational construct of attachment is a potentially crucial determinant of later personality, both normal and disordered. Another potential determinant is the multidimensional construct of infant temperament, which also may influence later behavioral disorders (Bates, 1987; Chess & Thomas, 1984). Because these relationships are potentially relevant to later functioning, investigators have attempted to study the origins of We appreciate the efforts of many investigators who facilitated this report by sending us additional data from their studies. We also thank Loretta Rieser-Danner, who helped initiate the project. H. H.

Infant Behavior and Development, 2003

Infant Behavior and Development, 1986

Developmental Psychology, 1991

Convergent and discriminant validity were examined for 8 widely used preschooler, toddler, and in... more Convergent and discriminant validity were examined for 8 widely used preschooler, toddler, and infant temperament questionnaires in a cross-sectional design that included both mothers and day-care teachers as respondents. The analyses focused on activity level, negative emotionality, and approach-sociability. Surprisingly strong evidence was uncovered for convergence among scales intended to measure similar concepts, with most convergent validity coefficients in the ,50s, .60s, and .70s. Most of the scales also showed reasonable discriminant properties; however, some scales intended to measure distinct concepts also intercorrelated highly enough (in the .40s and .50s) to raise concerns. These cross-scale correlations could often be understood by reference to the actual item content and the contexts of day care versus home. The main analyses were supplemented with a structural modeling approach.

Developmental Psychology, 1997

Parents of young children completed questionnaires that assessed attitudes toward parenting and s... more Parents of young children completed questionnaires that assessed attitudes toward parenting and specific parenting practices, the emotional atmosphere of the home, and parental personality. These parents were themselves either identical twins (n = 90), fraternal twins (n = 56), or adoptive siblings (n = 40). Model-fitting results implicate modest genetic effects on affect-related aspects of parenting, such as parental warmth. The results add new dimensions to the growing body of literature that documents genetic influences on measures of the family environment and suggest that child-rearing variables are significantly related to the major factors of parental personality.

Child Development, 1981

Psychologists' ratings of infant and childhood behavioral style, or temperament, made dur... more Psychologists' ratings of infant and childhood behavioral style, or temperament, made during the course of the nationwide Collaborative Perinatal Project supplied the raw data for the largest longitudinal twin study yet reported on this topic. The behavioral ratings are available for ages 8 months, 4 years, and 7 years on approximately 350 twin pairs. These ratings were factor analyzed, and co-twin similarity for identical and fraternal twins was examined at each age. The most salient results were as follows: (1) At 8 months, individual differences in a broadly based "activity" factor showed evidence of moderate genetic influences; (2) at 4 years, IQ showed appreciably greater familial influence than any of the composites of temperament ratings, but significant genetic effects were apparent for "task persistence" and "irritability" factors; and (3) some evidence for genetic effects on "active adjustment" and "'fearfulness" factors was present at 7 years. A general conclusion for all ages is that nonfamilial sources account for at least one-half of the observed variance. No strong evidence for sex differences emerged from the analyses.

Child Development, 1987

4 current approaches to understanding temperament are discussed in the roundtable. In an introduc... more 4 current approaches to understanding temperament are discussed in the roundtable. In an introductory overview, Goldsmith outlines some of the major convergences and divergences in the understanding of this concept. Theorists representing 4 positions--Goldsmith, Buss and Plomin, Rothbart, and Thomas and Chess--outline their views by responding to each of 6 questions: How do you define temperament and explain the boundaries of the concept? What are the elements of temperatment? How does the construct of temperament permit you to approach issues or organize data in ways that are possible only if this construct is invoked? How does temperament develop? To what extent do you consider temperament to be a personological versus a relational or an interactional construct? and How does your approach deal with issues of temperamental &amp;quot;difficulty&amp;quot;? In 2 commentaries on the theorists&amp;#39; answers, Hinde highlights differences among their positions and indicates issues that current theories of temperament must take into consideration, and McCall draws on common aspects to propose a synthesizing definition that draws on all 4 approaches.

Child Development, 1983

Recent behavior-genetic studies of personality are reviewed. These studies are first organized ac... more Recent behavior-genetic studies of personality are reviewed. These studies are first organized according to their subjects' age and then interpreted by emphasizing their developmental implications. Although certain discrepancies have arisen from the use of questionnaire versus laboratory assessments and twin studies as opposed to adoption designs, some consensus may be emerging. Research has moved beyond mere demonstration of heritable sources of variation in the great majority of personality measures. This overview of the literature documents (1) the demonstration of genetic bases for stability of certain personality dimensions, (2) evidence suggesting that the most influential environmental sources of variation are those not jointly experienced by family members, and (3) continuing controversy regarding the convergence of genetic results for different assessment strategies and different developmental periods. Clarifying the nature of the interplay between developmental processes and gene action is now a major task for developmental behavioral geneticists who study personality and temperament.

Child Development, 2004

Numerous studies have been conducted on the impact of dual-earner parents' employment on their ch... more Numerous studies have been conducted on the impact of dual-earner parents' employment on their children, yet the reverse processFthe impact of children and their behavior on the work functioning of their par-entsFhas been ignored. This study investigated spillover from the mother role to the work role in a sample of more than 300 families. At 4 months, 12 months, 3.5 years, and 4.5 years of age, child's difficult temperament was significantly associated with mother's work outcomes, including work role quality and rewards from combining work and family. The evidence was consistent with a structural model in which maternal sense of parenting competence and maternal depressed affect mediated these effects.