Jacquelyn Blaz | University of Wisconsin-Madison (original) (raw)
Papers by Jacquelyn Blaz
Purpose: The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the usability evaluation of the Children&... more Purpose: The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the usability evaluation of the Children's Computerized Physical Activity Reporter (C-CPAR), done with 155 middle-school adolescents during a psychometric study comparing the C-CPAR, a paper-based questionnaire, and accelerometry monitoring. The usability evaluation included: (a) the time taken for children to complete the 24-hour self report of physical activity, and (b) a 4-item usability evaluation the adolescents completed after each completed four C-CPAR questionnaires and four paper-based questionnaires over 5-days. Rationale: In earlier research, the Children's Computerized Physical Activity Reporter (C-CPAR) was designed with children, for children, integrating their understanding of physical activity, as well as the content and questionnaire structure they desired to support their self-reports. Evaluating the usability of the questionnaire is critical for further use of the C-CPAR. Methods: A convenience sample...
Purpose Much has been written about the economic and political impacts of air travel during flu e... more Purpose Much has been written about the economic and political impacts of air travel during flu epidemics. Little can be found, however, about the experience of air travelers during a flu epidemic when drastic measures are in effect. This pilot study attempts to address this absence in the literature. Background A phenomenological approach was selected for this study in order to describe the experience of traveling by airplane between the United States of America to another country during the recent H1N1 flu epidemic. Interviewing travelers and asking them to retell their experiences would be the standard way to gain a phenomenological description of their experience. However, because time and monetary resources were limited in this pilot study, weblog, or “blog,” posts were analyzed instead of in person interviews. The personal telling of experiences, and the public nature of blogs, makes them a good substitute for personal interviews in a phenomenological study. Methods The terms ...
Purpose: The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the usability evaluation of the Children&... more Purpose: The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the usability evaluation of the Children's Computerized Physical Activity Reporter (C-CPAR), done with 155 middle-school adolescents during a psychometric study comparing the C-CPAR, a paper-based questionnaire, and accelerometry monitoring. The usability evaluation included: (a) the time taken for children to complete the 24-hour self report of physical activity, and (b) a 4-item usability evaluation the adolescents completed after each completed four C-CPAR questionnaires and four paper-based questionnaires over 5-days. Rationale: In earlier research, the Children's Computerized Physical Activity Reporter (C-CPAR) was designed with children, for children, integrating their understanding of physical activity, as well as the content and questionnaire structure they desired to support their self-reports. Evaluating the usability of the questionnaire is critical for further use of the C-CPAR. Methods: A convenience sample...
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009
ABSTRACT Change of shift report (CoSR) is a nurse-to-nurse communication event (handoff) that cou... more ABSTRACT Change of shift report (CoSR) is a nurse-to-nurse communication event (handoff) that could potentially result in missed or incomplete information, time inefficiencies and patient errors. Although technology is touted as being amenable for this process, researchers have not yet evaluated how CoSR might be supported through computerization. This paper summarizes past research on this critical transition, describes the results of a qualitative study for shift report content on medical and surgical units in the U.S. and then outlines requirements for computerized support of the process. Three potential CoSR designs are provided and discussed: a patient summary screen, a personally-tailored design for nurses, and a problem-oriented design. Benefits and disadvantages of each are proposed.
Studies in health technology and informatics, 2009
The world is becoming increasingly web-based. Health care institutions are utilizing the web for ... more The world is becoming increasingly web-based. Health care institutions are utilizing the web for personal health records, surveillance, communication, and education; health care researchers are finding value in using the web for research subject recruitment, data collection, and follow-up. Programming languages, such as Java, require knowledge and experience usually found only in software engineers and consultants. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate Ruby on Rails as a feasible alternative for programming questionnaires for use on the web. Ruby on Rails was specifically designed for the development, deployment, and maintenance of database-backed web applications. It is flexible, customizable, and easy to learn. With a relatively little initial training, a novice programmer can create a robust web application in a small amount of time, without the need of a software consultant. The translation of the Children's Computerized Physical Activity Reporter (C-CPAR) from a local...
Nursing informatics ... : proceedings of the ... International Congress on Nursing Informatics, 2012
Standardization is one proposed solution for more efficient and effective nursing handoffs. The p... more Standardization is one proposed solution for more efficient and effective nursing handoffs. The purpose of this review is to describe the format of handoff tools designed for standardizing nursing handoffs within inpatient acute care units. Four formats were identified in the 14 articles meeting inclusion criteria: printed templates, printed spreadsheets, mnemonics, and checklists. Little consistency across tools exists. Further research to compare efficiency and effectiveness of handoffs using different formats in needed.
Western Journal of Nursing Research, 2012
Little evidence is available about nurses&amp... more Little evidence is available about nurses' use of electronic tools during handoffs. This qualitative study explored information management and use of electronic tools during nursing handoffs. The sample included 93 handoffs by 26 nurses on 5 medical/surgical units in 2 western hospitals with a robust electronic health record (EHR). Data collection included audiotaping handoffs, semi-structured interviews, observations, and fieldnotes. The dataset was inductively coded into 33 categories and 5 themes: good nurse expectations for handoffs, paper forms are best, information at a glance, only pertinent information please, and information tools that work. Two-thirds of the nurses abandoned use of the leadership-endorsed electronic handoff form, preferring personal paper forms. The findings suggest effective electronic solutions will require extensive contextually-based information, information integrated across EHR modules and portable, electronic support throughout shifts. This is a call to action for leaders and informaticists as they select and design future electronic tools.
Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2008
The WebQuest as an instructional tool has recently been widely adopted in K-16 education. However... more The WebQuest as an instructional tool has recently been widely adopted in K-16 education. However, its underlying principles and functionality are not well understood, which has resulted in an inconsistency in practice. This study identifies the underlying constructs of WebQuests as perceived by teachers and variables affecting their perceptions on WebQuests. A survey was conducted on teachers (n = 226) recruited from one large research university in the USA and a professional listserv. The findings reveal three constructs perceived by teachers as critical to WebQuests: constructivist problem solving, social interaction and scaffolded learning. Results also show that variables like purpose of WebQuest use, years of teaching, years of WebQuest use and gender predict, at various degrees, teachers' perceptions on WebQuests. Discussions are made on how the constructs identified can be used to improve online teaching and learning. Suggestions for future study are included by examining the influences of social, psychological and affective factors on learners' learning in WebQuests.
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2013
To synthesize outcomes from research on handoffs to guide future computerization of the process o... more To synthesize outcomes from research on handoffs to guide future computerization of the process on medical and surgical units. Handoffs can create important information gaps, omissions and errors in patient care. Authors call for the computerization of handoffs; however, a synthesis of the literature is not yet available that might guide computerization. PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Scopus and a handoff database from Cohen and Hilligoss. Integrative literature review. This integrative review included studies from 1980-March 2011 in peer-reviewed journals. Exclusions were studies outside medical and surgical units, handoff education and nurses' perceptions. The search strategy yielded a total of 247 references; 81 were retrieved, read and rated for relevance and research quality. A set of 30 articles met relevance criteria. Studies about handoff functions and rituals are saturated topics. Verbal handoffs serve important functions beyond information transfer and should be retained. Greater consideration is needed on analysing handoffs from a patient-centred perspective. Handoff methods should be highly tailored to nurses and their contextual needs. The current preference for bedside handoffs is not supported by available evidence. The specific handoff structure for all units may be less important than having a structure for contextually based handoffs. Research on pertinent information content for contextually based handoffs is an urgent need. Without it, handoff computerization is not likely to be successful. Researchers need to use more sophisticated experimental research designs, control for individual and unit differences and improve sampling frames.
Health Informatics Journal, 2011
Patient care handoffs are cognitively intense activities, especially on medical and surgical unit... more Patient care handoffs are cognitively intense activities, especially on medical and surgical units where nurses synthesize information across an average of four to five patients every shift. The objective of this study was to examine handoffs and nurses' use of computerized patient summary reports in an electronic health record after computerized provider order entry (CPOE) was installed. We observed and audio taped 93 patient handoffs on 25 occasions on 5 acute care units in 2 different facilities sharing a vendor's electronic health record. We found that the computerized patient summary report and the electronic health record were minimally used during the handoff and that the existing patient summary reports did not provide adequate cognitive support for nurses. The patient summary reports were incomplete, rigid and did not offer "at a glance" information, or help nurses encode information. We make recommendations about a redesign of patient summary reports and technology to support the cognitive needs of nurses during handoffs at the change of shift.
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2009
Background: Foodborne antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli may colonize and cause infections ... more Background: Foodborne antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli may colonize and cause infections in humans, but definitive proof is elusive and supportive evidence is limited. Methods: Approximately contemporaneous antimicrobial-resistant (n ¼ 181) and antimicrobial-susceptible (n ¼ 159) E. coli isolates from retail meats and from human stool and clinical specimens from a single rural U.S. community were compared for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-defined phylogenetic group (A, B1, B2, or D) and virulence genotype. Meat and human isolates from the same phylogenetic group with similar virulence profiles underwent sequential two-locus sequence analysis, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Results: According to phylogenetic distribution, resistant stool isolates were more similar to resistant meat isolates than to susceptible stool isolates. Overall, 19% of meat isolates satisfied molecular criteria for extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Nine sequence groups included meat and human isolates, and 17 of these 64 isolates demonstrated >80% RAPD profile similarity to an isolate from the alternate source group (meat vs. human). However, PFGE profiles of the 17 isolates were unique, excepting two stool isolates from the same household. Conclusion: Nearly 20% of meat-source resistant E. coli represented ExPEC. The observed molecular similarity of certain meat and human-source E. coli isolates, including antimicrobial-resistant and potentially pathogenic strains, supports possible foodborne transmission.
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2005
Stool carriage of drug-resistant Escherichia coli in home-living residents of a rural community w... more Stool carriage of drug-resistant Escherichia coli in home-living residents of a rural community was examined. Carriage of nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli was associated with recent use of antimicrobial agents in the household. Household clustering of drug-resistant E. coli was observed. Most carriers of drug-resistant E. coli lacked conventional risk factors.
British Journal of Educational Technology, 2009
This study investigates effects of multimedia on cognitive load, self-efficacy and learners' abil... more This study investigates effects of multimedia on cognitive load, self-efficacy and learners' ability to solve multiple rule-based problems. Two hundred twentytwo college students were randomly assigned to interactive and noninteractive multimedia groups. Based on Engelkamp's multimodal theory, the present study investigates the role of multimedia in multiple rule-based problem solving. The findings indicate that providing learners with manipulative function in multimedia would facilitate their problem solving through reduced cognitive load and improved self-efficacy. The study identifies a significant mediator effect for self-efficacy that mediates between multimedia and learners' problem solving. Discussion focuses on the effects of multimedia and self-efficacy on learners' performance in multiple rule-based problem solving. Suggestions are made with regard to the design of problem solving in future studies.
Purpose: The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the usability evaluation of the Children&... more Purpose: The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the usability evaluation of the Children's Computerized Physical Activity Reporter (C-CPAR), done with 155 middle-school adolescents during a psychometric study comparing the C-CPAR, a paper-based questionnaire, and accelerometry monitoring. The usability evaluation included: (a) the time taken for children to complete the 24-hour self report of physical activity, and (b) a 4-item usability evaluation the adolescents completed after each completed four C-CPAR questionnaires and four paper-based questionnaires over 5-days. Rationale: In earlier research, the Children's Computerized Physical Activity Reporter (C-CPAR) was designed with children, for children, integrating their understanding of physical activity, as well as the content and questionnaire structure they desired to support their self-reports. Evaluating the usability of the questionnaire is critical for further use of the C-CPAR. Methods: A convenience sample...
Purpose Much has been written about the economic and political impacts of air travel during flu e... more Purpose Much has been written about the economic and political impacts of air travel during flu epidemics. Little can be found, however, about the experience of air travelers during a flu epidemic when drastic measures are in effect. This pilot study attempts to address this absence in the literature. Background A phenomenological approach was selected for this study in order to describe the experience of traveling by airplane between the United States of America to another country during the recent H1N1 flu epidemic. Interviewing travelers and asking them to retell their experiences would be the standard way to gain a phenomenological description of their experience. However, because time and monetary resources were limited in this pilot study, weblog, or “blog,” posts were analyzed instead of in person interviews. The personal telling of experiences, and the public nature of blogs, makes them a good substitute for personal interviews in a phenomenological study. Methods The terms ...
Purpose: The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the usability evaluation of the Children&... more Purpose: The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the usability evaluation of the Children's Computerized Physical Activity Reporter (C-CPAR), done with 155 middle-school adolescents during a psychometric study comparing the C-CPAR, a paper-based questionnaire, and accelerometry monitoring. The usability evaluation included: (a) the time taken for children to complete the 24-hour self report of physical activity, and (b) a 4-item usability evaluation the adolescents completed after each completed four C-CPAR questionnaires and four paper-based questionnaires over 5-days. Rationale: In earlier research, the Children's Computerized Physical Activity Reporter (C-CPAR) was designed with children, for children, integrating their understanding of physical activity, as well as the content and questionnaire structure they desired to support their self-reports. Evaluating the usability of the questionnaire is critical for further use of the C-CPAR. Methods: A convenience sample...
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009
ABSTRACT Change of shift report (CoSR) is a nurse-to-nurse communication event (handoff) that cou... more ABSTRACT Change of shift report (CoSR) is a nurse-to-nurse communication event (handoff) that could potentially result in missed or incomplete information, time inefficiencies and patient errors. Although technology is touted as being amenable for this process, researchers have not yet evaluated how CoSR might be supported through computerization. This paper summarizes past research on this critical transition, describes the results of a qualitative study for shift report content on medical and surgical units in the U.S. and then outlines requirements for computerized support of the process. Three potential CoSR designs are provided and discussed: a patient summary screen, a personally-tailored design for nurses, and a problem-oriented design. Benefits and disadvantages of each are proposed.
Studies in health technology and informatics, 2009
The world is becoming increasingly web-based. Health care institutions are utilizing the web for ... more The world is becoming increasingly web-based. Health care institutions are utilizing the web for personal health records, surveillance, communication, and education; health care researchers are finding value in using the web for research subject recruitment, data collection, and follow-up. Programming languages, such as Java, require knowledge and experience usually found only in software engineers and consultants. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate Ruby on Rails as a feasible alternative for programming questionnaires for use on the web. Ruby on Rails was specifically designed for the development, deployment, and maintenance of database-backed web applications. It is flexible, customizable, and easy to learn. With a relatively little initial training, a novice programmer can create a robust web application in a small amount of time, without the need of a software consultant. The translation of the Children's Computerized Physical Activity Reporter (C-CPAR) from a local...
Nursing informatics ... : proceedings of the ... International Congress on Nursing Informatics, 2012
Standardization is one proposed solution for more efficient and effective nursing handoffs. The p... more Standardization is one proposed solution for more efficient and effective nursing handoffs. The purpose of this review is to describe the format of handoff tools designed for standardizing nursing handoffs within inpatient acute care units. Four formats were identified in the 14 articles meeting inclusion criteria: printed templates, printed spreadsheets, mnemonics, and checklists. Little consistency across tools exists. Further research to compare efficiency and effectiveness of handoffs using different formats in needed.
Western Journal of Nursing Research, 2012
Little evidence is available about nurses&amp... more Little evidence is available about nurses' use of electronic tools during handoffs. This qualitative study explored information management and use of electronic tools during nursing handoffs. The sample included 93 handoffs by 26 nurses on 5 medical/surgical units in 2 western hospitals with a robust electronic health record (EHR). Data collection included audiotaping handoffs, semi-structured interviews, observations, and fieldnotes. The dataset was inductively coded into 33 categories and 5 themes: good nurse expectations for handoffs, paper forms are best, information at a glance, only pertinent information please, and information tools that work. Two-thirds of the nurses abandoned use of the leadership-endorsed electronic handoff form, preferring personal paper forms. The findings suggest effective electronic solutions will require extensive contextually-based information, information integrated across EHR modules and portable, electronic support throughout shifts. This is a call to action for leaders and informaticists as they select and design future electronic tools.
Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2008
The WebQuest as an instructional tool has recently been widely adopted in K-16 education. However... more The WebQuest as an instructional tool has recently been widely adopted in K-16 education. However, its underlying principles and functionality are not well understood, which has resulted in an inconsistency in practice. This study identifies the underlying constructs of WebQuests as perceived by teachers and variables affecting their perceptions on WebQuests. A survey was conducted on teachers (n = 226) recruited from one large research university in the USA and a professional listserv. The findings reveal three constructs perceived by teachers as critical to WebQuests: constructivist problem solving, social interaction and scaffolded learning. Results also show that variables like purpose of WebQuest use, years of teaching, years of WebQuest use and gender predict, at various degrees, teachers' perceptions on WebQuests. Discussions are made on how the constructs identified can be used to improve online teaching and learning. Suggestions for future study are included by examining the influences of social, psychological and affective factors on learners' learning in WebQuests.
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2013
To synthesize outcomes from research on handoffs to guide future computerization of the process o... more To synthesize outcomes from research on handoffs to guide future computerization of the process on medical and surgical units. Handoffs can create important information gaps, omissions and errors in patient care. Authors call for the computerization of handoffs; however, a synthesis of the literature is not yet available that might guide computerization. PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Scopus and a handoff database from Cohen and Hilligoss. Integrative literature review. This integrative review included studies from 1980-March 2011 in peer-reviewed journals. Exclusions were studies outside medical and surgical units, handoff education and nurses' perceptions. The search strategy yielded a total of 247 references; 81 were retrieved, read and rated for relevance and research quality. A set of 30 articles met relevance criteria. Studies about handoff functions and rituals are saturated topics. Verbal handoffs serve important functions beyond information transfer and should be retained. Greater consideration is needed on analysing handoffs from a patient-centred perspective. Handoff methods should be highly tailored to nurses and their contextual needs. The current preference for bedside handoffs is not supported by available evidence. The specific handoff structure for all units may be less important than having a structure for contextually based handoffs. Research on pertinent information content for contextually based handoffs is an urgent need. Without it, handoff computerization is not likely to be successful. Researchers need to use more sophisticated experimental research designs, control for individual and unit differences and improve sampling frames.
Health Informatics Journal, 2011
Patient care handoffs are cognitively intense activities, especially on medical and surgical unit... more Patient care handoffs are cognitively intense activities, especially on medical and surgical units where nurses synthesize information across an average of four to five patients every shift. The objective of this study was to examine handoffs and nurses' use of computerized patient summary reports in an electronic health record after computerized provider order entry (CPOE) was installed. We observed and audio taped 93 patient handoffs on 25 occasions on 5 acute care units in 2 different facilities sharing a vendor's electronic health record. We found that the computerized patient summary report and the electronic health record were minimally used during the handoff and that the existing patient summary reports did not provide adequate cognitive support for nurses. The patient summary reports were incomplete, rigid and did not offer "at a glance" information, or help nurses encode information. We make recommendations about a redesign of patient summary reports and technology to support the cognitive needs of nurses during handoffs at the change of shift.
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2009
Background: Foodborne antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli may colonize and cause infections ... more Background: Foodborne antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli may colonize and cause infections in humans, but definitive proof is elusive and supportive evidence is limited. Methods: Approximately contemporaneous antimicrobial-resistant (n ¼ 181) and antimicrobial-susceptible (n ¼ 159) E. coli isolates from retail meats and from human stool and clinical specimens from a single rural U.S. community were compared for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-defined phylogenetic group (A, B1, B2, or D) and virulence genotype. Meat and human isolates from the same phylogenetic group with similar virulence profiles underwent sequential two-locus sequence analysis, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Results: According to phylogenetic distribution, resistant stool isolates were more similar to resistant meat isolates than to susceptible stool isolates. Overall, 19% of meat isolates satisfied molecular criteria for extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Nine sequence groups included meat and human isolates, and 17 of these 64 isolates demonstrated >80% RAPD profile similarity to an isolate from the alternate source group (meat vs. human). However, PFGE profiles of the 17 isolates were unique, excepting two stool isolates from the same household. Conclusion: Nearly 20% of meat-source resistant E. coli represented ExPEC. The observed molecular similarity of certain meat and human-source E. coli isolates, including antimicrobial-resistant and potentially pathogenic strains, supports possible foodborne transmission.
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2005
Stool carriage of drug-resistant Escherichia coli in home-living residents of a rural community w... more Stool carriage of drug-resistant Escherichia coli in home-living residents of a rural community was examined. Carriage of nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli was associated with recent use of antimicrobial agents in the household. Household clustering of drug-resistant E. coli was observed. Most carriers of drug-resistant E. coli lacked conventional risk factors.
British Journal of Educational Technology, 2009
This study investigates effects of multimedia on cognitive load, self-efficacy and learners' abil... more This study investigates effects of multimedia on cognitive load, self-efficacy and learners' ability to solve multiple rule-based problems. Two hundred twentytwo college students were randomly assigned to interactive and noninteractive multimedia groups. Based on Engelkamp's multimodal theory, the present study investigates the role of multimedia in multiple rule-based problem solving. The findings indicate that providing learners with manipulative function in multimedia would facilitate their problem solving through reduced cognitive load and improved self-efficacy. The study identifies a significant mediator effect for self-efficacy that mediates between multimedia and learners' problem solving. Discussion focuses on the effects of multimedia and self-efficacy on learners' performance in multiple rule-based problem solving. Suggestions are made with regard to the design of problem solving in future studies.