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Papers by Carol Evans
Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care, 2016
Purpose: Regardless of the location, rural nurses care for patients and their families across the... more Purpose: Regardless of the location, rural nurses care for patients and their families across the trajectory of an illness and into death in long term care facilities. The purpose of this study was to examine rural nurses' knowledge of palliative care for end of life patients in long term care facilities. Method: A quantitative descriptive correlational design was utilized with a convenience sample of nurses (registered nurses and licensed practical nurses) in three rural long term care facilities in south-central Kentucky. Demographical data was utilized to describe the study subjects, and the Palliative Care Knowledge Test was utilized to measure the rural nurses' knowledge of palliative care. Descriptive statistics and Cross-tabs with a Chi-square test for independence were used for analysis. Findings: The rural nurses lacked knowledge of palliative care on the Palliative Care Knowledge Test. Although the study sample scored below 50%, registered nurses were more knowledgeable than licensed practical nurses on many of the items on the Palliative Care Knowledge Test. This study supports that the total years practiced in long term care does not affect the knowledge on the Palliative Care Knowledge Test. Registered nurses were more knowledgeable than licensed practical nurses on some items of the Palliative Care Knowledge Test. Conclusion: Nurses cannot practice what they do not know. Nurses who lack knowledge about the philosophy and principles of palliative care may lower the quality of end of life care for
International Journal of Nursing, 2018
The purpose of this study was to determine registered nurses' professional values upon entrance i... more The purpose of this study was to determine registered nurses' professional values upon entrance into an online RN to BSN Program utilizing the Nurses Professional Value Scale-Revised instrument which is based on the American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics for Nurses. The American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics for Nurses is known as the standard for ethical behavior and is applicable to all nurses regardless of practice area. A quantitative survey descriptive correlational design was implemented with a convenience sample. A Qualtrics®'s link was electronically sent to subjects' university e-mail addresses to anonymously participate. Statistical analyses utilized was descriptive and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Registered nurses returning to complete an on-line Baccalaureate educational program have a moderate to high professional value orientation. Screening students on entrance and exit of the program may identify maturation of the internalization of the nursing code of ethics since the RN has advanced academically.
Background: Palliative care is considered a right for human beings. By 2040, it is estimated that... more Background: Palliative care is considered a right for human beings. By 2040, it is estimated that 40% of the 65 years of age and older population in the United States will die in long term care (LTC) facilities. Because of the chronicity of the geriatric population’s medical conditions, the patients may require end-of-life (EOL) care. Numerous LTC facilities are located in rural areas which may create a disparity in the provision of quality EOL care. Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design was utilized. The purpose of this study was to examine rural and urban nurses’ knowledge of palliative care and confidence/competency to provide palliative care for EOL patients in LTC facilities. Data collection occurred at three rural and three urban LTC facilities which consisted of a convenience sample of 74 nurses in south-central Kentucky. Analysis of data was performed with SAS software utilizing descriptive, ANOVA, and t-test statistics. Results: The study subjects respo...
Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care, 2016
Purpose: Regardless of the location, rural nurses care for patients and their families across the... more Purpose: Regardless of the location, rural nurses care for patients and their families across the trajectory of an illness and into death in long term care facilities. The purpose of this study was to examine rural nurses' knowledge of palliative care for end of life patients in long term care facilities. Method: A quantitative descriptive correlational design was utilized with a convenience sample of nurses (registered nurses and licensed practical nurses) in three rural long term care facilities in south-central Kentucky. Demographical data was utilized to describe the study subjects, and the Palliative Care Knowledge Test was utilized to measure the rural nurses' knowledge of palliative care. Descriptive statistics and Cross-tabs with a Chi-square test for independence were used for analysis. Findings: The rural nurses lacked knowledge of palliative care on the Palliative Care Knowledge Test. Although the study sample scored below 50%, registered nurses were more knowledgeable than licensed practical nurses on many of the items on the Palliative Care Knowledge Test. This study supports that the total years practiced in long term care does not affect the knowledge on the Palliative Care Knowledge Test. Registered nurses were more knowledgeable than licensed practical nurses on some items of the Palliative Care Knowledge Test. Conclusion: Nurses cannot practice what they do not know. Nurses who lack knowledge about the philosophy and principles of palliative care may lower the quality of end of life care for
International Journal of Nursing, 2018
The purpose of this study was to determine registered nurses' professional values upon entrance i... more The purpose of this study was to determine registered nurses' professional values upon entrance into an online RN to BSN Program utilizing the Nurses Professional Value Scale-Revised instrument which is based on the American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics for Nurses. The American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics for Nurses is known as the standard for ethical behavior and is applicable to all nurses regardless of practice area. A quantitative survey descriptive correlational design was implemented with a convenience sample. A Qualtrics®'s link was electronically sent to subjects' university e-mail addresses to anonymously participate. Statistical analyses utilized was descriptive and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Registered nurses returning to complete an on-line Baccalaureate educational program have a moderate to high professional value orientation. Screening students on entrance and exit of the program may identify maturation of the internalization of the nursing code of ethics since the RN has advanced academically.
Background: Palliative care is considered a right for human beings. By 2040, it is estimated that... more Background: Palliative care is considered a right for human beings. By 2040, it is estimated that 40% of the 65 years of age and older population in the United States will die in long term care (LTC) facilities. Because of the chronicity of the geriatric population’s medical conditions, the patients may require end-of-life (EOL) care. Numerous LTC facilities are located in rural areas which may create a disparity in the provision of quality EOL care. Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design was utilized. The purpose of this study was to examine rural and urban nurses’ knowledge of palliative care and confidence/competency to provide palliative care for EOL patients in LTC facilities. Data collection occurred at three rural and three urban LTC facilities which consisted of a convenience sample of 74 nurses in south-central Kentucky. Analysis of data was performed with SAS software utilizing descriptive, ANOVA, and t-test statistics. Results: The study subjects respo...