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Papers by William Hynes
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
System resilience is a term of rising popularity during the Covid-19 pandemic. Governments worldw... more System resilience is a term of rising popularity during the Covid-19 pandemic. Governments worldwide have the opportunity to adopt a systemic, anticipatory approach to reinforcing resilience as a response to the interconnected challenges facing modern societies. These challenges, such as natural hazards, ageing population, global migration, and digitalisation are compounded by their potential to disrupt cyber, information, societal, and infrastructural systems with lasting consequences. Traditional approaches of risk assessment and management focus primarily upon hardening systems so that they are able to absorb threats before breaking. However, these approaches are inappropriate, prohibitively expensive or both for many of the issues governments will have to deal with.With the support of the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Unio
OECD membership crowned Japan’s efforts to reintegrate into the international community after the... more OECD membership crowned Japan’s efforts to reintegrate into the international community after the Second World War, while helping to turn the organisation into a global, rather than European, player. But the country’s accession had to be managed with great care, reflecting tensions of the time.
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
Adaptive capacity is a critical component of building resilience in healthcare. Adaptive capacity... more Adaptive capacity is a critical component of building resilience in healthcare. Adaptive capacity comprises the ability of a system to cope with and adapt to disturbances. However, "shocks", such as the current Covid-19 pandemic, can potentially exceed critical adaptation thresholds and lead to systemic collapse. To effectively manage healthcare systems during periods of crises, both adaptive and transformative changes are necessary. This commentary discusses adaptation and transformation as two complementary, integral components of resilience and applies them to healthcare. We treat resilience as an emergent property of complex systems that accounts for multiple, often disparately distinct regimes in which multiple processes (e.g., adaptation, recovery) are subsumed and operate. We argue that Convergence Mental Health and other transdisciplinary paradigms such as Brain Capital and One Health can facilitate resilience planning and management in healthcare systems.
An overview of the Nixon Administration's approach to drug policy with some lessons for p... more An overview of the Nixon Administration's approach to drug policy with some lessons for policy-makers today. Presented at the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy.
COVID-19: Systemic Risk and Resilience
New Approaches to Economic Challenges
Global Social Policy, 2021
New economic thinking and acting through a systemic approach could outline policy alternatives to... more New economic thinking and acting through a systemic approach could outline policy alternatives to tackle the global-scale systemic challenges of financial, economic, social and environmental emerge...
This note discusses the development, experimentation and dissemination of new analytical models a... more This note discusses the development, experimentation and dissemination of new analytical models and methods to understand the complex systems that characterise the economy, society, and environment and their inter-relations. It outlines the potential policy contributions of agent-based models (and econophysics), machine learning and neuroeconomics. The paper concludes with details on experiments explored through the NAEC Innovation LAB (a joint initiative of NAEC, the Economics Department and the Statistics and Data Directorate).
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at its ... more The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at its core calls to “increase aid-for-trade support for developing countries, in particular least developed countries”. This echoes the aid-for-trade reference in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development. This paper discusses how aid for trade already contributes to the SDGs after highlighting the achievements of the Aid for Trade Initiative. This is followed by a section analysing the continued importance of aid in financing development, particularly in the least developed countries. Next, the role of the private sector in aid for trade is presented as an example of how to improve partnerships for development. Finally, the paper draws on lessons from the monitoring of aid for trade for the SDGs and the need, but also difficulty in making the process truly country driven. The paper concludes by stressing that aid for trade – ten years aft...
This paper defines concepts related to systemic threats and reviews the analytical and governance... more This paper defines concepts related to systemic threats and reviews the analytical and governance approaches and strategies to manage these threats and build resilience to contain them. This aims to help policymakers build safeguards, buffers and ultimately resilience to physical, economic, social and environmental shocks. Recovery and adaptation in the aftermath of disruptions is a requirement for interconnected 21st Century economic, industrial, social, and health-based systems and resilience is an increasingly important theme and a crucial part of strategies to avoid systemic collapse. It builds on the report Resilience Activities at the OECD: Current Practice and Future Directions and was produced with the support of the Slovak Republic. Comments and suggestions from the NAEC Group are welcome.
Environment Systems and Decisions
The Development Dimension
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
System resilience is a term of rising popularity during the Covid-19 pandemic. Governments worldw... more System resilience is a term of rising popularity during the Covid-19 pandemic. Governments worldwide have the opportunity to adopt a systemic, anticipatory approach to reinforcing resilience as a response to the interconnected challenges facing modern societies. These challenges, such as natural hazards, ageing population, global migration, and digitalisation are compounded by their potential to disrupt cyber, information, societal, and infrastructural systems with lasting consequences. Traditional approaches of risk assessment and management focus primarily upon hardening systems so that they are able to absorb threats before breaking. However, these approaches are inappropriate, prohibitively expensive or both for many of the issues governments will have to deal with.With the support of the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Unio
OECD membership crowned Japan’s efforts to reintegrate into the international community after the... more OECD membership crowned Japan’s efforts to reintegrate into the international community after the Second World War, while helping to turn the organisation into a global, rather than European, player. But the country’s accession had to be managed with great care, reflecting tensions of the time.
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
Adaptive capacity is a critical component of building resilience in healthcare. Adaptive capacity... more Adaptive capacity is a critical component of building resilience in healthcare. Adaptive capacity comprises the ability of a system to cope with and adapt to disturbances. However, "shocks", such as the current Covid-19 pandemic, can potentially exceed critical adaptation thresholds and lead to systemic collapse. To effectively manage healthcare systems during periods of crises, both adaptive and transformative changes are necessary. This commentary discusses adaptation and transformation as two complementary, integral components of resilience and applies them to healthcare. We treat resilience as an emergent property of complex systems that accounts for multiple, often disparately distinct regimes in which multiple processes (e.g., adaptation, recovery) are subsumed and operate. We argue that Convergence Mental Health and other transdisciplinary paradigms such as Brain Capital and One Health can facilitate resilience planning and management in healthcare systems.
An overview of the Nixon Administration's approach to drug policy with some lessons for p... more An overview of the Nixon Administration's approach to drug policy with some lessons for policy-makers today. Presented at the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy.
COVID-19: Systemic Risk and Resilience
New Approaches to Economic Challenges
Global Social Policy, 2021
New economic thinking and acting through a systemic approach could outline policy alternatives to... more New economic thinking and acting through a systemic approach could outline policy alternatives to tackle the global-scale systemic challenges of financial, economic, social and environmental emerge...
This note discusses the development, experimentation and dissemination of new analytical models a... more This note discusses the development, experimentation and dissemination of new analytical models and methods to understand the complex systems that characterise the economy, society, and environment and their inter-relations. It outlines the potential policy contributions of agent-based models (and econophysics), machine learning and neuroeconomics. The paper concludes with details on experiments explored through the NAEC Innovation LAB (a joint initiative of NAEC, the Economics Department and the Statistics and Data Directorate).
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at its ... more The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at its core calls to “increase aid-for-trade support for developing countries, in particular least developed countries”. This echoes the aid-for-trade reference in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development. This paper discusses how aid for trade already contributes to the SDGs after highlighting the achievements of the Aid for Trade Initiative. This is followed by a section analysing the continued importance of aid in financing development, particularly in the least developed countries. Next, the role of the private sector in aid for trade is presented as an example of how to improve partnerships for development. Finally, the paper draws on lessons from the monitoring of aid for trade for the SDGs and the need, but also difficulty in making the process truly country driven. The paper concludes by stressing that aid for trade – ten years aft...
This paper defines concepts related to systemic threats and reviews the analytical and governance... more This paper defines concepts related to systemic threats and reviews the analytical and governance approaches and strategies to manage these threats and build resilience to contain them. This aims to help policymakers build safeguards, buffers and ultimately resilience to physical, economic, social and environmental shocks. Recovery and adaptation in the aftermath of disruptions is a requirement for interconnected 21st Century economic, industrial, social, and health-based systems and resilience is an increasingly important theme and a crucial part of strategies to avoid systemic collapse. It builds on the report Resilience Activities at the OECD: Current Practice and Future Directions and was produced with the support of the Slovak Republic. Comments and suggestions from the NAEC Group are welcome.
Environment Systems and Decisions
The Development Dimension
Enacting Globalization : Multidisciplinary Perspectives on International Integration , Dec 1, 2013
Since colonial times, measures have been put in place to provide market access, build trade capac... more Since colonial times, measures have been put in place to provide market access, build trade capacities and overcome supply-side constraints to trade in the developing world. In the 1960s the focus was on stimulating developing country imports, to help poorer countries move through the stages of development. In the 1970s the focus shifted to promoting exports. Structural adjustment programmes followed in the 1980s. Later, when it was realized that market access was not sufficient for trade expansion, the international community mobilized more and better aid for trade to help developing countries build the necessary capacities to compete in the global marketplace. Such programmes have often failed, yet aid has undoubtedly helped to promote trade, development and a more inclusive world economy.
Global Challenges: Peace and War, Aug 1, 2013
We live in a period of profound systemic change, and as in similar periods in the past, there is ... more We live in a period of profound systemic change, and as in similar periods in the past, there is bound to be considerable instability and uncertainty before the new society and economy take shape. We have to identify actions that will shape change for the better, and help to build resilience to the inevitable shocks inherent in, and generated by, the complex system of systems constituted by the economy, society and the environment. These challenges require updating the way policies are devised and implemented, and developing more realistic tools and techniques to design those policies on the basis of appropriate data. In Systemic Thinking for Policy Making world experts from the OECD and International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) pool their expertise and experience to propose new approaches to analysing the interconnected trends and issues shaping today’s and tomorrow’s world. The authors argue that to tackle planetary emergencies linked to the environment, the economy and socio-political systems, we have to understand their systemic properties, such as tipping points, interconnectedness and resilience. They give the reader a precise introduction to the tools and techniques needed to do so, and offer hope that we can overcome the challenges the world is facing.
The New Approaches to Economic Challenges (NAEC) initiative was established to distil lessons fro... more The New Approaches to Economic Challenges (NAEC) initiative was established to distil lessons from the Global Financial Crisis and now the systemic crises sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. This book publishes short summaries of a diverse range of thinking and proposals from a prestigious series of experts. NAEC invited them to share their expertise with those who wish to learn more about the financial system from those at its heart. They debate the theory and models of the financial system as well as the role of its different component parts, such as currency, insurance or asset management and how they interact. And they offer advice on how financial policy can contribute to making the financial system more resilient.
An overview of the Nixon Administration's approach to drug policy with some lessons for policy-ma... more An overview of the Nixon Administration's approach to drug policy with some lessons for policy-makers today. Presented at the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy.
• US:“Because success in trade can involve so many variables... it is very difficult to monitor r... more • US:“Because success in trade can involve so many variables... it is very difficult to monitor results in this area and attribute results to specific programs. Our discussions have focussed on sharing lessons learned and best practices, which we think is the most productive approach.”• World Bank:“The field still relies excessively on outdated methods compared to other fields of development work. An energetic push for the adoption of impact evaluation techniques and their mainstreaming in project design is needed.”