Drew Lyon | Washington State University (original) (raw)

Papers by Drew Lyon

Journal of Plant Registrations, Dec 22, 2020

‘Resilience CL+’ (Reg. no. CV‐1176, PI 686413; PVP 201800104) is a soft white common winter wheat... more ‘Resilience CL+’ (Reg. no. CV‐1176, PI 686413; PVP 201800104) is a soft white common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar carrying two‐gene tolerance to imazamox herbicide that was developed and released in October 2016 by the Agricultural Research Center of Washington State University. It was tested under the experimental designations KCF9002 and WA 8187. Resilience CL+ was developed using marker‐assisted background selection and marker‐assisted forward breeding approaches involving a cross between a soft white winter wheat cultivar ‘Madsen’ and CL0618 (an Australian hard red spring two‐gene Clearfield line). Resilience CL+ carries two mutation alleles (Als1 and Als2) of the acetolactate synthase gene (ALS) located on chromosomes 6DL and 6BL. Resilience CL+ has high grain‐yield potential, intermediate plant height, and is well adapted to regions of the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW) with >500 mm of annual precipitation. Resilience CL+ exhibited herbicide tolerance equivalent to ‘AP503 CL2’ and greater than the single‐gene Clearfield cultivar ‘ORCF‐102’. Compared with the other Clearfield cultivars grown in the PNW, Resilience CL+ has a high level of resistance to stripe rust and foot rot resistance, similar to that of Madsen. Resilience CL+ has soft kernels, an excellent milling score, and good end‐use quality characteristics. Yield comparison of Resilience CL+ with other popular cultivars demonstrated that it has greater yield than ‘SY Ovation’ and Madsen but is similar to ORCF‐102.

Unfortunately, in recent years, some foreign grain buyers have been finding low levels of buckwhe... more Unfortunately, in recent years, some foreign grain buyers have been finding low levels of buckwheat (Figure 1) in their wheat shipments from the United States. Some of these shipments have been traced to eastern Washington. In 2014, buckwheat was detected in eight of 27 shiploads of exported wheat. Buckwheat levels in these shipments ranged from 1 to 4 seeds per 2.2 pounds (1 kilogram) of wheat. Although these levels are within purchase contract specifications, some wheat buyers and consumers consider buckwheat to be an allergen and any level of contamination concerns them.

Published October 2009. Reviewed December 2013. Please check for up-to-date information in the OS... more Published October 2009. Reviewed December 2013. Please check for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog

Decreasing soil pH, also called soil acidification, is a growing concern in eastern Washington an... more Decreasing soil pH, also called soil acidification, is a growing concern in eastern Washington and northern Idaho. Researchers and farmers have measured soil pH values below 5.0 throughout the Palouse region, in particular. Decreasing soil pH has serious implications for the cropping systems of the Palouse. This publication, How Soil pH Affects the Activity and Persistence of Herbicides, discusses how decreasing soil pH contributes to increased instances of herbicide persistence. The publication categorizes commonly used herbicides as either a weak acid, weak base, cationic, nonionic polar, or nonpolar and briefly explains how the soil/herbicide interactions within each category can be affected by pH. The Soil Acidification series begins with An Introduction, covering the fundamentals of soil pH and acidification, and continues with other fact sheets on more specific topics such as the influence of pH on pathogens and microbes, recommended varieties of specific crops, crop nutrition, and liming.

Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management, 2019

Crop Management Core Ideas • Late postemergence herbicide applications are required for buckwheat... more Crop Management Core Ideas • Late postemergence herbicide applications are required for buckwheat control in irrigated wheat. • Under irrigation, none of the herbicide treatments eliminated buckwheat seed contamination in grain. • In dryland, bromoxynil + MCPA or fl uroxypyr + bromoxynil provided superior control of buckwheat and eliminated buckwheat seed contamination. • Wheat should not be planted for at least one, if not two, years after buckwheat harvest.

Journal of Plant Registrations, Sep 1, 2020

‘Curiosity CL+’ (Reg. no. CV‐1167, PI 675007; PVP 201500290) is a soft white winter (SWW) wheat (... more ‘Curiosity CL+’ (Reg. no. CV‐1167, PI 675007; PVP 201500290) is a soft white winter (SWW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar carrying two‐gene tolerance to imazamox herbicide that was developed and released by the Agricultural Research Center of Washington State University in October 2013. It was tested under the experimental designations EBC2F3‐3‐18 and WA008143. Curiosity CL+ was developed using marker‐assisted background selection involving a cross between ‘Eltan’ and ‘CL0618’. Eltan was a predominant SWW wheat cultivar (released in 1990) in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), whereas CL0618 is an Australian hard red spring line carrying two‐gene mutations conferring herbicide tolerance. Curiosity CL+ carries two mutation alleles (AhasL‐B1 and AhasL‐D1) of acetolactate synthase gene copies on chromosomes 6B and 6D. Curiosity CL+ has high grain‐yield potential, intermediate plant height, and is well adapted to the dryland production areas of the PNW with <300 mm of annual precipitation. Tested in multiple location and years, Curiosity CL+ showed herbicide tolerance equivalent to the two‐gene Clearfield cultivar ‘AP503 CL2’ (PVP 200800322) and higher than the single‐gene Clearfield cultivar ‘ORCF‐102’ (PI 641787). Its end‐use quality is similar to ORCF‐102, ‘Stephens’ (CI 17596), and ‘Xerpha’ (PI 645605). Compared with Eltan, Curiosity CL+ has better stripe rust resistance, whereas the level of snow mold and Cephalosporium stripe tolerance is equal.

Weed Technology, May 10, 2018

Rush skeletonweed is emerging as a regionally important weed of winter wheat production in easter... more Rush skeletonweed is emerging as a regionally important weed of winter wheat production in eastern Washington. Field studies were conducted during the 2016 and 2017 crop years to evaluate several auxin herbicides applied at two seasonal timings (fall or spring) for control of rush skeletonweed in winter wheat. Clopyralid (210 g ae ha-1) provided>90% visual control of rush skeletonweed in both years of the study and aminopyralid (10 g ae ha-1) provided>80% visual control. Aminocyclopyrachlor, dicamba, and 2,4-D provided<55% control of rush skeletonweed. Season of application did not meaningfully affect efficacy of any herbicide tested. Wheat yields were reduced by 39 to 69% compared to the non-treated check when aminocyclopyrachlor was applied in the spring. Clopyralid is an effective option for control of rush skeletonweed in Pacific Northwest winter wheat.

Weed Science, Dec 14, 2020

Harvest weed seed control (HWSC) may control problematic weeds by decreasing contributions to the... more Harvest weed seed control (HWSC) may control problematic weeds by decreasing contributions to the weed seedbank. However, HWSC practices will not be effective if plants have shed a great part of their seeds before harvest or if a low proportion of seed production is retained at a height that enables collection during harvest. The seed-shattering pattern of several weed species was evaluated over three growing seasons to determine their potential to be controlled with HWSC in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). The studied weed species were downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), feral rye (Secale cereale L.), Italian ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot], and rattail fescue [Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.]. Seed retention at harvest, seed production, and plant height differed among species, locations, and years. Environmental conditions influenced seed-shattering patterns, particularly the time plants started to shatter seeds and the rate of the shattering. Agronomic factors such as herbicide use, interrow space, or crop height/vigor also seemed to affect shattering patterns and seed production, but more specific studies must be conducted to determine their individual effects. Bromus tectorum, L. perenne ssp. multiflorum, and V. myuros had an average seed retention at harvest of less than 50%. In addition, the low seed retention height of V. myuros makes this species a poor candidate for HWSC. Secale cereale had average seed retention at harvest greater than 50%, and seed retention height was greater than 30 cm. The variability of seed retention in different species will make the efficacy of HWSC practices species and environment dependent in PNW winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping systems. Harvesting the wheat crop as early as possible will be crucial to the success of HWSC.

Journal of Production Agriculture, Apr 1, 1996

Full scientific article from which this summary was written begins on page 209 of this issue.

Weed Technology, Jul 11, 2019

The adoption of chemical fallow rotations in Pacific Northwest dryland winter wheat production ha... more The adoption of chemical fallow rotations in Pacific Northwest dryland winter wheat production has caused a weed species composition shift in which scouringrush has established in production fields. Thus, there has been interest in identifying herbicides that effectively control scouringrush in winter wheat–chemical fallow cropping systems. Field experiments were established in growers’ fields near Reardan, WA, in 2014, and The Dalles, OR, in 2015. Ten herbicide treatments were applied to mowed and nonmowed plots during chemical fallow rotations. Scouringrush stem densities were quantified the following spring and after wheat harvest at both locations. Chlorsulfuron plus MCPA-ester resulted in nearly 100% control of scouringrush through wheat harvest. Before herbicide application, mowing had no effect on herbicide efficacy. We conclude chlorsulfuron plus MCPA-ester is a commercially acceptable treatment for smooth and intermediate scouringrush control in winter wheat–chemical fallow cropping systems; however, the lack of a positive yield response when scouringrushes were controlled should factor into management decisions.

Journal of Plant Registrations, Jan 9, 2020

'Mela CL+' (Reg. no. CV-1157, PI 675008; PVP 201500291) is a soft white common winter wheat (Trit... more 'Mela CL+' (Reg. no. CV-1157, PI 675008; PVP 201500291) is a soft white common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar carrying two-gene tolerance to imazamox herbicide, also known as Clearfield Plus, that was developed and released by the Agricultural Research Center, Washington State University, in October 2013. It was tested under the experimental designations EBC 2 F 3-3-20 and WA008155. Mela CL+ was developed using a marker-assisted backcross selection method involving a cross between the soft white winter (SWW) wheat cultivar 'Eltan' and CL0618, an Australian hard red spring line carrying the two-gene Clearfield technology. The two-gene Clearfield technology present in Mela CL+ was due to two mutation alleles Als1 and Als2 of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene copies located on the long arm of chromosomes 6B and 6D. Mela CL+ has high grain yield potential and intermediate plant height and is well adapted to the dryland production areas of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) with <300 mm of annual precipitation. Tested in multiple locations and years, Mela CL+ showed herbicide tolerance equivalent to Clearfield Plus check cultivar 'AP503 CL2' and greater tolerance than single-gene Clearfield cultivars grown in the PNW. Mela CL+ has end-use quality characteristics similar to cultivars 'ORCF-102', 'Stephens', and 'Xerpha'. As compared to Eltan, Mela CL+ has better stripe rust resistance, whereas the level of snow mold and Cephalosporium stripe tolerance is equal.

Weed Science, Nov 1, 1986

The effects of the dimethylamine salt of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) and the dim... more The effects of the dimethylamine salt of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) and the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] on fieldbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Great Northern Valley’) were studied in order to assess the potential hazards of using these herbicides in areas adjoining fieldbean production. Dicamba and 2,4-D were applied to fieldbeans at three different rates (1.1, 11.2, and 112.5 g ai/ha) and four different growth stages (preemergence, second trifoliolate leaf, early bloom, and early pod). Application of 2,4-D preemergence or in the second trifoliolate leaf stage of growth did not reduce seed yield, delay maturity, or reduce germination of seed obtained from treated plants. Dicamba or 2,4-D applied at 112.5 g/ha to fieldbeans in the early bloom or early pod stages of growth consistently reduced seed yield, delayed maturity, and reduced germination percentage. Fieldbeans exhibited a greater overall sensitivity to dicamba than to 2,4-D.

Weed Technology, Dec 1, 1993

The response of oat, foxtail millet, proso millet, and sunflower to atrazine and clomazone applie... more The response of oat, foxtail millet, proso millet, and sunflower to atrazine and clomazone applied the previous fall was investigated two years in field studies near Akron, CO and Sidney, NE. Foxtail millet biomass, and proso millet and sunflower grain yields were not reduced when these crops were seeded into soil that had been treated the previous fall with atrazine and/or clomazone at rates of 0.6 or 1.1 kg ai/ha. Forage yield of oat was reduced 11 to 18% by some treatments, but this effect was not consistent over years or sites. Treatments containing 1.1 kg/ha of atrazine provided 1 to 5 wk of residual weed control in foxtail millet, proso millet, and sunflower. The study indicated that producers have flexibility in crop selection when using atrazine and clomazone in reduced- and no-till production systems.

Weed Technology, Mar 1, 1994

Winter wheat grain contaminated with jointed goatgrass joints is often discounted as much as 20% ... more Winter wheat grain contaminated with jointed goatgrass joints is often discounted as much as 20% by grain buyers. A mail survey to Nebraska farmers in 1984 identified jointed goatgrass as one of the ten worst weed problems in winter wheat, but a field survey to the same area in 1986 found it in less than 1% of surveyed fields. The objective of this survey was to map the geographic distribution and severity of jointed goatgrass contaminating winter wheat grain in western Nebraska. Jointed goatgrass was found in 25, 29, and 20% of all wheat samples collected in 1990, 1991, and 1992, respectively. Nebraska counties bordering Colorado were found to have the highest percentage of wheat samples contaminated with jointed goatgrass joints, ranging from 23% in Cheyenne county in 1992 to 61% in Keith county in 1991.

Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management, Nov 29, 2018

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1998

... inter wheat-fallow is the predomi-w nate cropping system in the semi-... stubble during this ... more ... inter wheat-fallow is the predomi-w nate cropping system in the semi-... stubble during this period is ef-fective at slowing wind speeds near the soil surface and catching wind-driven snow that can provide a valuable contri-bution to the soil water reserve (Nielsen and Hinkle 1994 ...

Crops and Soils, 2018

Chemical weed control options in wheat cropping systems of the Pacific Northwest are currently li... more Chemical weed control options in wheat cropping systems of the Pacific Northwest are currently limited due to the presence of resistant weed biotypes. The efficacy of a new post-emergence herbicide in wheat, bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil (Talinor), was evaluated for mayweed chamomile and prickly lettuce control in eastern Washington and Oregon in 2016 and 2017. Earn 1 CEU in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser. org/education/classroom/classes/641.

Prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.) is a common weed in wheat production systems throughout the... more Prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.) is a common weed in wheat production systems throughout the Inland Pacific Northwest (PNW). It is an annual, winter annual, or occasionally a biennial, that reproduces only by seed. Individual plants can produce from 35 to 2,300 flowers and 700 to 46,000 seeds. Sanitation (the prevention of weed seed production and dispersal) is an important aspect of prickly lettuce management, as is growing a healthy, competitive wheat crop. Herbicides can provide effective control of prickly lettuce in wheat, but many biotypes are now resistant to ALS-inhibitor and synthetic auxin herbicides. An integrated management approach is required for the sustainable, long-term control of this troublesome species

Annual Report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative. Bean Improvement Cooperative, Mar 1, 2008

Herbicide resistance is a problem that has quickly spread throughout the wheat growing regions of... more Herbicide resistance is a problem that has quickly spread throughout the wheat growing regions of the inland Pacific Northwest. Overreliance on herbicides for the management of weeds is a major cause of herbicide resistance. Integrated weed management relies on a wide range of practices to manage weeds and slow the development and spread of herbicide resistance. This publication presents growers and farm managers with best management practices (BMPs) that can be incorporated into farming systems to manage herbicide resistance