Norman Schofield | Washington University in St. Louis (original) (raw)
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Papers by Norman Schofield
Homo Oeconomicus, 2004
ABSTRACT The key theoretical idea underlying this paper is that an institutional equilibrium can ... more ABSTRACT The key theoretical idea underlying this paper is that an institutional equilibrium can be destroyed or transformed by rapid belief changes in the population. The changes in electoral beliefs in the period prior to the election of Lincoln in 1860 and the commencement of the Civil War are examined in an attempt to understand the political transformation that occurred at that time, as well as its rami?cations until the present. I argue that Lincoln made the case to the Northern electorate that the South posed a threat to free labor. The Dred Scott Opinion of the Supreme court in 1857 made credible a belief that the South did intend to force the extension of slavery to the free Northern States, and to the Territories. Slavery would then cover the Republic as far as the Paci?c. Lincoln thus created a belief cascade in the North, which destroyed the intersectional political equilibrium or balance between land and capital that had persisted in the US since the election of Je?erson in 1800. The equilibrium had depended on the suppression of the issue of slavery. Lincoln’s election in turn created a belief cascade in the South that induced secession. I then relate the events of 1860 to Madison’s argument in “Federalist X” on the “probability of a ?t choice” in the extended Republic. I argue that Madison was in?uenced by both Condorcet and Montesquieu, and that the US Constitution was designed to facilitate the election of a risk taking President, at a time of social quandary.
Theory and Decision, 1984
World Class Design to Manufacture, 1995
Contends that, while the importance of time to product development processes has been underscored... more Contends that, while the importance of time to product development processes has been underscored by many commentators, it is not until time is divided into component elements that the scope for improvement becomes manifest. Since time equals money, effective time management ...
European settlement of south-west Western Australia, which contains 90% of the State's popula... more European settlement of south-west Western Australia, which contains 90% of the State's population, has been characterised by the development of a vast agricultural industry. Agricultural development necessitated the conversion of native, perennial, deep-rooted vegetation to annual, shallow-rooted pastures and crops. This strongly disturbed the water balance and led to stream and land salinisation. Today only 48% of the divertible surface
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 0022250x 1978 9989884, Aug 26, 2010
ABSTRACT The Harary‐Ross clique detection algorithm has often been neglected in analyses of symme... more ABSTRACT The Harary‐Ross clique detection algorithm has often been neglected in analyses of symmetric graphs and tolerance relations because of presumed storage and computation problems. This paper presents a modification of the original algorithm which overcomes these difficulties. The modified algorithm is shown to perform as well as other recent structurally different algorithms. Indeed, for arc densities which might be expected in typical sociometric analyses, the modified algorithm has certain conceptual and operational advantages. The paper also indicates possible applications of the algorithm in the analysis of non‐symmetric functional relations and points out the conceptual similarity with simplicial connectivity analysis.
2006 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2006
ABSTRACT
Czech Economic Review, Mar 1, 2011
Theor Decis, 1984
ABSTRACT
... Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Margolis, Howard. 1993. Paradigms and Barriers: How... more ... Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Margolis, Howard. 1993. Paradigms and Barriers: How Habits of Mind Govern Scientific Beliefs. Chicago, IL: Universityof Chicago Press. Marshall, Alfred. 1890. Principles of Economics. London: Macmillan. Martinelli, Cesar. 2003. ...
The Anatomical Record, 1944
American Political Science Review, Apr 1, 2003
Journal of Economic Theory, Jun 1, 1984
Hum Ecol, 1977
It has been assumed that public or collective goods, such as resource conservation or pollution r... more It has been assumed that public or collective goods, such as resource conservation or pollution reduction, will not be created or maintained since rational actors in the international system will choose to consume these goods while avoiding the cost of preserving them. I argue that on the contrary private and public goods are so interrelated that cooperative coalition behavior over their generation is possible. The problem of the maintenance of such cooperative coalitions, via an internal bargaining process, is considered. It is suggested that local optimizing behavior by a coalition may bring about qualitative change in the system, to the extent that the stability of the coalition is destroyed. Such a catastrophic change could lead to entirely new patterns of cooperation, and hence to qualitatively different development paths for the economic and ecological system.
Homo Oeconomicus, 2004
ABSTRACT The key theoretical idea underlying this paper is that an institutional equilibrium can ... more ABSTRACT The key theoretical idea underlying this paper is that an institutional equilibrium can be destroyed or transformed by rapid belief changes in the population. The changes in electoral beliefs in the period prior to the election of Lincoln in 1860 and the commencement of the Civil War are examined in an attempt to understand the political transformation that occurred at that time, as well as its rami?cations until the present. I argue that Lincoln made the case to the Northern electorate that the South posed a threat to free labor. The Dred Scott Opinion of the Supreme court in 1857 made credible a belief that the South did intend to force the extension of slavery to the free Northern States, and to the Territories. Slavery would then cover the Republic as far as the Paci?c. Lincoln thus created a belief cascade in the North, which destroyed the intersectional political equilibrium or balance between land and capital that had persisted in the US since the election of Je?erson in 1800. The equilibrium had depended on the suppression of the issue of slavery. Lincoln’s election in turn created a belief cascade in the South that induced secession. I then relate the events of 1860 to Madison’s argument in “Federalist X” on the “probability of a ?t choice” in the extended Republic. I argue that Madison was in?uenced by both Condorcet and Montesquieu, and that the US Constitution was designed to facilitate the election of a risk taking President, at a time of social quandary.
Theory and Decision, 1984
World Class Design to Manufacture, 1995
Contends that, while the importance of time to product development processes has been underscored... more Contends that, while the importance of time to product development processes has been underscored by many commentators, it is not until time is divided into component elements that the scope for improvement becomes manifest. Since time equals money, effective time management ...
European settlement of south-west Western Australia, which contains 90% of the State's popula... more European settlement of south-west Western Australia, which contains 90% of the State's population, has been characterised by the development of a vast agricultural industry. Agricultural development necessitated the conversion of native, perennial, deep-rooted vegetation to annual, shallow-rooted pastures and crops. This strongly disturbed the water balance and led to stream and land salinisation. Today only 48% of the divertible surface
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 0022250x 1978 9989884, Aug 26, 2010
ABSTRACT The Harary‐Ross clique detection algorithm has often been neglected in analyses of symme... more ABSTRACT The Harary‐Ross clique detection algorithm has often been neglected in analyses of symmetric graphs and tolerance relations because of presumed storage and computation problems. This paper presents a modification of the original algorithm which overcomes these difficulties. The modified algorithm is shown to perform as well as other recent structurally different algorithms. Indeed, for arc densities which might be expected in typical sociometric analyses, the modified algorithm has certain conceptual and operational advantages. The paper also indicates possible applications of the algorithm in the analysis of non‐symmetric functional relations and points out the conceptual similarity with simplicial connectivity analysis.
2006 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2006
ABSTRACT
Czech Economic Review, Mar 1, 2011
Theor Decis, 1984
ABSTRACT
... Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Margolis, Howard. 1993. Paradigms and Barriers: How... more ... Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Margolis, Howard. 1993. Paradigms and Barriers: How Habits of Mind Govern Scientific Beliefs. Chicago, IL: Universityof Chicago Press. Marshall, Alfred. 1890. Principles of Economics. London: Macmillan. Martinelli, Cesar. 2003. ...
The Anatomical Record, 1944
American Political Science Review, Apr 1, 2003
Journal of Economic Theory, Jun 1, 1984
Hum Ecol, 1977
It has been assumed that public or collective goods, such as resource conservation or pollution r... more It has been assumed that public or collective goods, such as resource conservation or pollution reduction, will not be created or maintained since rational actors in the international system will choose to consume these goods while avoiding the cost of preserving them. I argue that on the contrary private and public goods are so interrelated that cooperative coalition behavior over their generation is possible. The problem of the maintenance of such cooperative coalitions, via an internal bargaining process, is considered. It is suggested that local optimizing behavior by a coalition may bring about qualitative change in the system, to the extent that the stability of the coalition is destroyed. Such a catastrophic change could lead to entirely new patterns of cooperation, and hence to qualitatively different development paths for the economic and ecological system.