Gaia Data Release 1 - Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties (original) (raw)

A&A 595, A2 (2016)

Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties

A. G. A. Brown1⋆, A. Vallenari2, T. Prusti3, J. H.J. de Bruijne3, F. Mignard4, R. Drimmel5, C. Babusiaux6, C. A.L. Bailer-Jones7, U. Bastian8, M. Biermann8, D. W. Evans9, L. Eyer10, F. Jansen11, C. Jordi12, D. Katz6, S. A. Klioner13, U. Lammers14, L. Lindegren15, X. Luri12, W. O’Mullane14, C. Panem16, D. Pourbaix17,18, S. Randich19, P. Sartoretti6, H. I. Siddiqui20, C. Soubiran21, V. Valette16, F. van Leeuwen9, N. A. Walton9, C. Aerts22,23, F. Arenou6, M. Cropper24, E. Høg25, M. G. Lattanzi5, E. K. Grebel8, A. D. Holland26, C. Huc16, X. Passot16, M. Perryman3, L. Bramante27, C. Cacciari28, J. Castañeda12, L. Chaoul16, N. Cheek29, F. De Angeli9, C. Fabricius12, R. Guerra14, J. Hernández14, A. Jean-Antoine-Piccolo16, E. Masana12, R. Messineo27, N. Mowlavi10, K. Nienartowicz30, D. Ordóñez-Blanco30, P. Panuzzo6, J. Portell12, P. J. Richards31, M. Riello9, G. M. Seabroke24, P. Tanga4, F. Thévenin4, J. Torra12, S. G. Els32,8, G. Gracia-Abril32,12, G. Comoretto20, M. Garcia-Reinaldos14, T. Lock14, E. Mercier32,8, M. Altmann8,33, R. Andrae7, T. L. Astraatmadja7, I. Bellas-Velidis34, K. Benson24, J. Berthier35, R. Blomme36, G. Busso9, B. Carry4,35, A. Cellino5, G. Clementini28, S. Cowell9, O. Creevey4,37, J. Cuypers36, M. Davidson38, J. De Ridder22, A. de Torres39, L. Delchambre40, A. Dell’Oro19, C. Ducourant21, Y. Frémat36, M. García-Torres41, E. Gosset40,18, J.-L. Halbwachs42, N. C. Hambly38, D. L. Harrison9,43, M. Hauser8, D. Hestroffer35, S. T. Hodgkin9, H. E. Huckle24, A. Hutton44, G. Jasniewicz45, S. Jordan8, M. Kontizas46, A. J. Korn47, A. C. Lanzafame48,49, M. Manteiga50, A. Moitinho51, K. Muinonen52,53, J. Osinde54, E. Pancino19,55, T. Pauwels36, J.-M. Petit56, A. Recio-Blanco4, A. C. Robin56, L. M. Sarro57, C. Siopis17, M. Smith24, K. W. Smith7, A. Sozzetti5, W. Thuillot35, W. van Reeven44, Y. Viala6, U. Abbas5, A. Abreu Aramburu58, S. Accart59, J. J. Aguado57, P. M. Allan31, W. Allasia60, G. Altavilla28, M. A. Álvarez50, J. Alves61, R. I. Anderson62,10, A. H. Andrei63,64,33, E. Anglada Varela54,29, E. Antiche12, T. Antoja3, S. Antón65,66, B. Arcay50, N. Bach44, S. G. Baker24, L. Balaguer-Núñez12, C. Barache33, C. Barata51, A. Barbier59, F. Barblan10, D. Barrado y Navascués67, M. Barros51, M. A. Barstow68, U. Becciani49, M. Bellazzini28, A. Bello García69, V. Belokurov9, P. Bendjoya4, A. Berihuete70, L. Bianchi60, O. Bienaymé42, F. Billebaud21, N. Blagorodnova9, S. Blanco-Cuaresma10,21, T. Boch42, A. Bombrun39, R. Borrachero12, S. Bouquillon33, G. Bourda21, H. Bouy67, A. Bragaglia28, M. A. Breddels71, N. Brouillet21, T. Brüsemeister8, B. Bucciarelli5, P. Burgess9, R. Burgon26, A. Burlacu16, D. Busonero5, R. Buzzi5, E. Caffau6, J. Cambras72, H. Campbell9, R. Cancelliere73, T. Cantat-Gaudin2, T. Carlucci33, J. M. Carrasco12, M. Castellani74, P. Charlot21, J. Charnas30, A. Chiavassa4, M. Clotet12, G. Cocozza28, R. S. Collins38, G. Costigan1, F. Crifo6, N. J.G. Cross38, M. Crosta5, C. Crowley39, C. Dafonte50, Y. Damerdji40,75, A. Dapergolas34, P. David35, M. David76, P. De Cat36, F. de Felice77, P. de Laverny4, F. De Luise78, R. De March27, D. de Martino79, R. de Souza80, J. Debosscher22, E. del Pozo44, M. Delbo4, A. Delgado9, H. E. Delgado57, P. Di Matteo6, S. Diakite56, E. Distefano49, C. Dolding24, S. Dos Anjos80, P. Drazinos46, J. Duran54, Y. Dzigan81,82, B. Edvardsson47, H. Enke83, N. W. Evans9, G. Eynard Bontemps59, C. Fabre84, M. Fabrizio55,78, S. Faigler85, A. J. Falcão86, M. Farràs Casas12, L. Federici28, G. Fedorets52, J. Fernández-Hernández29, P. Fernique42, A. Fienga87, F. Figueras12, F. Filippi27, K. Findeisen6, A. Fonti27, M. Fouesneau7, E. Fraile88, M. Fraser9, J. Fuchs89, M. Gai5, S. Galleti28, L. Galluccio4, D. Garabato50, F. García-Sedano57, A. Garofalo28, N. Garralda12, P. Gavras6,34,46, J. Gerssen83, R. Geyer13, G. Gilmore9, S. Girona90, G. Giuffrida55, M. Gomes51, A. González-Marcos91, J. González-Núñez29,92, J. J. González-Vidal12, M. Granvik52, A. Guerrier59, P. Guillout42, J. Guiraud16, A. Gúrpide12, R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez20, L. P. Guy30, R. Haigron6, D. Hatzidimitriou46, M. Haywood6, U. Heiter47, A. Helmi71, D. Hobbs15, W. Hofmann8, B. Holl10, G. Holland9, J. A.S. Hunt24, A. Hypki1, V. Icardi27, M. Irwin9, G. Jevardat de Fombelle30, P. Jofré9,21, P. G. Jonker93,23, A. Jorissen17, F. Julbe12, A. Karampelas46,34, A. Kochoska94, R. Kohley14, K. Kolenberg95,22,96, E. Kontizas34, S. E. Koposov9, G. Kordopatis83,4, P. Koubsky89, A. Krone-Martins51, M. Kudryashova35, I. Kull85, R. K. Bachchan15, F. Lacoste-Seris59, A. F. Lanza49, J.-B. Lavigne59, C. Le Poncin-Lafitte33, Y. Lebreton6,97, T. Lebzelter61, S. Leccia79, N. Leclerc6, I. Lecoeur-Taibi30, V. Lemaitre59, H. Lenhardt8, F. Leroux59, S. Liao5,98, E. Licata60, H. E.P. Lindstrøm25,99, T. A. Lister100, E. Livanou46, A. Lobel36, W. Löffler8, M. López67, D. Lorenz61, I. MacDonald38, T. Magalhães Fernandes86, S. Managau59, R. G. Mann38, G. Mantelet8, O. Marchal6, J. M. Marchant101, M. Marconi79, S. Marinoni74,55, P. M. Marrese74,55, G. Marschalkó102,103, D. J. Marshall104, J. M. Martín-Fleitas44, M. Martino27, N. Mary59, G. Matijevič83, T. Mazeh85, P. J. McMillan15, S. Messina49, D. Michalik15, N. R. Millar9, B. M. H. Miranda51, D. Molina12, R. Molinaro79, M. Molinaro105, L. Molnár102, M. Moniez106, P. Montegriffo28, R. Mor12, A. Mora44, R. Morbidelli5, T. Morel40, S. Morgenthaler107, D. Morris38, A. F. Mulone27, T. Muraveva28, I. Musella79, J. Narbonne59, G. Nelemans23,22, L. Nicastro108, L. Noval59, C. Ordénovic4, J. Ordieres-Meré109, P. Osborne9, C. Pagani68, I. Pagano49, F. Pailler16, H. Palacin59, L. Palaversa10, P. Parsons20, M. Pecoraro60, R. Pedrosa110, H. Pentikäinen52, B. Pichon4, A. M. Piersimoni78, F.-X. Pineau42, E. Plachy102, G. Plum6, E. Poujoulet111, A. Prša112, L. Pulone74, S. Ragaini28, S. Rago5, N. Rambaux35, M. Ramos-Lerate113, P. Ranalli15, G. Rauw40, A. Read68, S. Regibo22, C. Reylé56, R. A. Ribeiro86, L. Rimoldini30, V. Ripepi79, A. Riva5, G. Rixon9, M. Roelens10, M. Romero-Gómez12, N. Rowell38, F. Royer6, L. Ruiz-Dern6, G. Sadowski17, T. Sagristà Sellés8, J. Sahlmann14, J. Salgado54, E. Salguero54, M. Sarasso5, H. Savietto114, M. Schultheis4, E. Sciacca49, M. Segol115, J. C. Segovia29, D. Segransan10, I.-C. Shih6, R. Smareglia105, R. L. Smart5, E. Solano67,116, F. Solitro27, R. Sordo2, S. Soria Nieto12, J. Souchay33, A. Spagna5, F. Spoto4, U. Stampa8, I. A. Steele101, H. Steidelmüller13, C. A. Stephenson20, H. Stoev117, F. F. Suess9, M. Süveges30, J. Surdej40, L. Szabados102, E. Szegedi-Elek102, D. Tapiador118,119, F. Taris33, G. Tauran59, M. B. Taylor120, R. Teixeira80, D. Terrett31, B. Tingley121, S. C. Trager71, C. Turon6, A. Ulla122, E. Utrilla44, G. Valentini78, A. van Elteren1, E. Van Hemelryck36, M. van Leeuwen9, M. Varadi10,102, A. Vecchiato5, J. Veljanoski71, T. Via72, D. Vicente90, S. Vogt123, H. Voss12, V. Votruba89, S. Voutsinas38, G. Walmsley16, M. Weiler12, K. Weingrill83, T. Wevers23, Ł. Wyrzykowski9,124, A. Yoldas9, M. Žerjal94, S. Zucker81, C. Zurbach45, T. Zwitter94, A. Alecu9, M. Allen3, C. Allende Prieto24,125,126, A. Amorim51, G. Anglada-Escudé12, V. Arsenijevic51, S. Azaz3, P. Balm20, M. Beck30, H.-H. Bernstein†,8, L. Bigot4, A. Bijaoui4, C. Blasco127, M. Bonfigli78, G. Bono74, S. Boudreault24,128, A. Bressan129, S. Brown9, P.-M. Brunet16, P. Bunclark†,9, R. Buonanno74, A. G. Butkevich13, C. Carret110, C. Carrion57, L. Chemin21,130, F. Chéreau6, L. Corcione5, E. Darmigny16, K. S. de Boer131, P. de Teodoro29, P. T. de Zeeuw1,132, C. Delle Luche6,59, C. D. Domingues133, P. Dubath30, F. Fodor16, B. Frézouls16, A. Fries12, D. Fustes50, D. Fyfe68, E. Gallardo12, J. Gallegos29, D. Gardiol5, M. Gebran12,134, A. Gomboc94,135, A. Gómez6, E. Grux56, A. Gueguen6,136, A. Heyrovsky38, J. Hoar14, G. Iannicola74, Y. Isasi Parache12, A.-M. Janotto16, E. Joliet39,137, A. Jonckheere36, R. Keil138,139, D.-W. Kim7, P. Klagyivik102, J. Klar83, J. Knude25, O. Kochukhov47, I. Kolka140, J. Kos94,141, A. Kutka89,142, V. Lainey35, D. LeBouquin59, C. Liu7,143, D. Loreggia5, V. V. Makarov144, M. G. Marseille59, C. Martayan36,145, O. Martinez-Rubi12, B. Massart4,59,146, F. Meynadier6,33, S. Mignot6, U. Munari2, A.-T. Nguyen16, T. Nordlander47, P. Ocvirk83,42, K. S. O’Flaherty147, A. Olias Sanz148, P. Ortiz68, J. Osorio65, D. Oszkiewicz52,149, A. Ouzounis38, M. Palmer12, P. Park10, E. Pasquato17, C. Peltzer9, J. Peralta12, F. Péturaud6, T. Pieniluoma52, E. Pigozzi27, J. Poels†,40, G. Prat150, T. Prod’homme1,151, F. Raison152,136, J. M. Rebordao133, D. Risquez1, B. Rocca-Volmerange153, S. Rosen24,68, M. I. Ruiz-Fuertes30, F. Russo5, S. Sembay68, I. Serraller Vizcaino154, A. Short3, A. Siebert42,83, H. Silva86, D. Sinachopoulos34, E. Slezak4, M. Soffel13, D. Sosnowska10, V. Straižys155, M. ter Linden39,156, D. Terrell157, S. Theil158, C. Tiede7,159, L. Troisi55,160, P. Tsalmantza7, D. Tur72, M. Vaccari161,162, F. Vachier35, P. Valles12, W. Van Hamme163, L. Veltz83,37, J. Virtanen52,53, J.-M. Wallut16, R. Wichmann164, M. I. Wilkinson9,68, H. Ziaeepour56 and S. Zschocke13

1 Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
2 INAF−Osservatorio astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
3 Scientific Support Office, Directorate of Science, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
4 Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex, France
5 INAF−Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy
6 GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
7 Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
8 Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr, 12−14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
9 Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
10 Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
11 Mission Operations Division, Operations Department, Directorate of Science, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
12 Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
13 Lohrmann Observatory, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 13, 01062 Dresden, Germany
14 European Space Astronomy Centre (ESA/ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
15 Lund Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Box 43, 22100 Lund, Sweden
16 CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
17 Institut d’Astronomie et d’Astrophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles CP 226, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
18 F.R.S.-FNRS, Rue d’Egmont 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
19 INAF−Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy
20 Telespazio Vega UK Ltd for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
21 Laboratoire d’astrophysique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France
22 Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
23 Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, RadboudUniversity Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
24 Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
25 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
26 Centre for Electronic Imaging, Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall MK7 6 AA Milton Keynes, UK
27 ALTEC S.p.a, Corso Marche, 79, 10146 Torino, Italy
28 INAF−Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy
29 Serco Gestión de Negocios for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
30 Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
31 STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
32 Gaia DPAC Project Office, ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
33 SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
34 National Observatory of Athens, I. Metaxa and Vas. Pavlou, Palaia Penteli, 15236 Athens, Greece
35 IMCCE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Lille, 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France
36 Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
37 Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris XI, UMR 8617, CNRS, Bâtiment 121, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
38 Institute for Astronomy, Royal Observatory, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
39 HE Space Operations BV for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
40 Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium
41 Área de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
42 Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7550, 11 rue de l’Université, 67000 Strasbourg, France
43 Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
44 Aurora Technology for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
45 Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC72, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
46 Department of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, 15783 Athens, Greece
47 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Astronomy and Space Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
48 Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Sezione Astrofisica, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
49 INAF−Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
50 Universidade da Coruña, Facultade de Informática, Campus de Elviña S/N, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
51 CENTRA, Universidade de Lisboa, FCUL, Campo Grande, Edif. C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
52 University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, PO Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
53 Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, Geodeetinrinne 2, 02430 Masala, Finland
54 Isdefe for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
55 ASI Science Data Center, via del Politecnico SNC, 00133 Roma, Italy
56 Institut UTINAM UMR6213, CNRS, OSU THETA Franche-Comté Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
57 Dpto. de Inteligencia Artificial, UNED, c/ Juan del Rosal 16, 28040 Madrid, Spain
58 Elecnor Deimos Space for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
59 Thales Services for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
60 EURIX S.r.l., via Carcano 26, 10153 Torino, Italy
61 University of Vienna, Department of Astrophysics,Türkenschanzstraße 17, A 1180 Vienna, Austria
62 Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
63 ON/MCTI-BR, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20921-400 RJ, Brazil
64 OV/UFRJ-BR, Ladeira Pedro Antônio 43, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20080-090 RJ, Brazil
65 Faculdade Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Departamento Matematica Aplicada, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
66 Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaco, Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
67 Departamento de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), ESA-ESAC. Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n. 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
68 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
69 University of Oviedo, Campus Universitario, 33203 Gijón, Spain
70 University of Cádiz, Avd. De la universidad, Jerez de la Frontera, 11002 Cádiz, Spain
71 Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Landleven 12, 9747 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
72 Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya, C/ Gran Capità, 2−4 3rd floor, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
73 University of Turin, Department of Computer Sciences, Corso Svizzera 185, 10149 Torino, Italy
74 INAF−Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), Italy
75 CRAAG−Centre de Recherche en Astronomie, Astrophysique et Géophysique, Route de l’Observatoire, BP 63 Bouzareah 16340 Alger, Algeria
76 Universiteit Antwerpen, Onderzoeksgroep Toegepaste Wiskunde, Middelheimlaan 1, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
77 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
78 INAF−Osservatorio Astronomico di Teramo, via Mentore Maggini, 64100 Teramo, Italy
79 INAF−Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, via Moiariello 16, 80131, Napoli, Italy
80 Instituto de Astronomia, Geofìsica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226 Cidade Universitaria, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
81 Department of Geosciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
82 Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94249, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
83 Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany
84 ATOS for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
85 School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
86 UNINOVA – CTS, Campus FCT-UNL, Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
87 Laboratoire Géoazur, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR 7329, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, 250 rue A. Einstein, 06560 Valbonne, France
88 RHEA for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
89 Astronomical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Fričova 298, 25165 Ondřejov, Czech Republic
90 Barcelona Supercomputing Center − Centro Nacional de Supercomputación, c/ Jordi Girona 29, Ed. Nexus II, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
91 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, c/ San José de Calasanz, 31, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
92 ETSE Telecomunicación, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
93 SRON, Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584CA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
94 Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
95 Physics Department, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
96 Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
97 Institut de Physique de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
98 Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 80 Nandan Rd, 200030 Shanghai, PR China
99 CSC Danmark A/S, Retortvej 8, 2500 Valby, Denmark
100 Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Inc., 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117, USA
101 Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, L3 5RF, UK
102 Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy andEarth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15−17, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
103 Baja Observatory of University of Szeged, Szegedi út III/70, 6500 Baja, Hungary
104 Laboratoire AIM, IRFU/Service d’Astrophysique − CEA/DSM − CNRS − Université Paris Diderot, Bât 709, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
105 INAF−Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G.B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
106 Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay Cedex, France
107 École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, SB MATHAA STAP, MA B1 473 (Bâtiment MA), Station 8, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
108 INAF/IASF-Bologna, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
109 Technical University of Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
110 EQUERT International for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
111 AKKA for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
112 Villanova University, Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Science, 800 E Lancaster Ave, Villanova PA 19085, USA
113 Vitrociset Belgium for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
114 Fork Research, Rua do Cruzado Osberno, Lt. 1, 9 esq., Lisboa, Portugal
115 APAVE SUDEUROPE SAS for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
116 Spanish Virtual Observatory, Spain
117 Fundación Galileo Galilei − INAF, Rambla José Ana Fernández Pérez 7, 38712 Breña Baja, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
118 INSA for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
119 Dpto. Arquitectura de Computadores y Automática, Facultad de Informática, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ Prof. José García Santesmases s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
120 H H Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
121 Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Aarhus University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 120 Ny Munkegade, Building 1520, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
122 Applied Physics Department, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
123 HE Space Operations BV for ESA/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
124 Warsaw University Observatory, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
125 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
126 Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
127 RHEA for ESA/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
128 Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
129 SISSA (Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati), via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
130 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais/Ministério da Ciencia Tecnologia, Avenida dos Astronautas 1758, SP 12227-010, São José Dos Campos, Brazil
131 Argelander Institut für Astronomie der Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
132 European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
133 Laboratory of Optics, Lasers and Systems, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campus do Lumiar, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
134 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Notre Dame University, Louaize, PO Box 72, Zouk Mikaël, Lebanon
135 University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
136 Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, OPINAS, Gießenbachstraße, 85741 Garching, Germany
137 NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, California Institute of Technology, Mail Code 100-22, 770 South Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
138 Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM), c/o Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
139 RHEA System for ESA/ESOC, Robert Bosch Straße 5, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
140 Tartu Observatory, 61602 Tõravere, Estonia
141 Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
142 Slovak Organisation for Space Activities, Zamocka 18, 85101 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
143 NationalAstronomical Observatories, CAS, 100012 Beijing, PR China
144 US Naval Observatory, Astrometry Department, 3450 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington DC 20392-5420 D.C., USA
145 European Southern Observatory (ESO), Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago de Chile, Chile
146 Airbus Defence and Space SAS, 31 Rue des Cosmonautes, 31402 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
147 EJR-Quartz BV for ESA/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
148 The Server Labs for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
149 Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, ul. Słoneczna 36, 60-286 Poznań, Poland
150 CS Systèmes d’Information for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
151 Directorate of Science, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
152 Praesepe BV for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
153 Sorbonne Universités UPMC et CNRS, UMR7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
154 GMV for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
155 Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 3, Vilnius, LT-10222, Lithuania
156 S[&]T Corporation, PO Box 608, 2600 AP, Delft, The Netherlands
157 Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, Colorado 80302, USA
158 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institute of Space Systems, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
159 University of Applied Sciences Munich, Karlstr. 6, 80333 Munich, Germany
160 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
161 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, 7535 Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
162 INAF−Istituto di Radioastronomia, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
163 Department of Physics, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
164 Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany

⋆ Corresponding author: A. G. A. Brown, e-mail: brown@strw.leidenuniv.nl

Received: 10 August 2016
Accepted: 31 August 2016

Abstract

Context. At about 1000 days after the launch of Gaia we present the first Gaia data release, Gaia DR1, consisting of astrometry and photometry for over 1 billion sources brighter than magnitude 20.7.

Aims. A summary of Gaia DR1 is presented along with illustrations of the scientific quality of the data, followed by a discussion of the limitations due to the preliminary nature of this release.

Methods. The raw data collected by Gaia during the first 14 months of the mission have been processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) and turned into an astrometric and photometric catalogue.

Results. Gaia DR1 consists of three components: a primary astrometric data set which contains the positions, parallaxes, and mean proper motions for about 2 million of the brightest stars in common with the Hipparcos and _Tycho_-2 catalogues – a realisation of the _Tycho_-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS) – and a secondary astrometric data set containing the positions for an additional 1.1 billion sources. The second component is the photometric data set, consisting of mean _G_-band magnitudes for all sources. The _G_-band light curves and the characteristics of ~3000 Cepheid and RR Lyrae stars, observed at high cadence around the south ecliptic pole, form the third component. For the primary astrometric data set the typical uncertainty is about 0.3 mas for the positions and parallaxes, and about 1 mas yr-1 for the proper motions. A systematic component of ~0.3 mas should be added to the parallax uncertainties. For the subset of ~94 000 Hipparcos stars in the primary data set, the proper motions are much more precise at about 0.06 mas yr-1. For the secondary astrometric data set, the typical uncertainty of the positions is ~10 mas. The median uncertainties on the mean _G_-band magnitudes range from the mmag level to ~0.03 mag over the magnitude range 5 to 20.7.

Conclusions. Gaia DR1 is an important milestone ahead of the next Gaia data release, which will feature five-parameter astrometry for all sources. Extensive validation shows that Gaia DR1 represents a major advance in the mapping of the heavens and the availability of basic stellar data that underpin observational astrophysics. Nevertheless, the very preliminary nature of this first Gaia data release does lead to a number of important limitations to the data quality which should be carefully considered before drawing conclusions from the data.

Key words: catalogs / astrometry / parallaxes / proper motions / surveys