Influence of Novel Coronavirus COVID – 19 and HIV: A Scoping Review of Hospital Course and Symptomatology (original) (raw)
Related papers
World Journal of Public Health
Introduction: Appearig at the end of 2019, an acute respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) quickly spread from China to all parts of the world. Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, respiratory tract diseases, and cancer, among others, are poor predictive factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it is not yet well established to date that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) increases mortality from COVID-19. We decided to describe aspectsof COVID-19 in HIV infected patients, followed up at the Outpatient Treatment Centre (CTA) in Dakar-Fann. Methodology: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study of PLHIV over 15 years of age followed at the Outpatient Treatment Centre in Fann in whom the diagnosis of COVID-19 was made between July 2020 and September March 2021 by the polymerase chain reaction method in time real (RT-PCR). Results: A total of 22 PLWHA had COVID-19 with a predominance of women (15/22 or 68%). The median age was 47 years (33-85). The majority (91%) were infected with HIV-1. The mean last LTCD4 count in patients before COVID-19 diagnosis was 582 cells/mm 3 [51-1415]. The last viral load before SARS-CoV2 infection was undetectable in 19 patients or 86%. One patient was in virological rebound with 353.158copies/ml. Two had no available viral load, one was profile 2 (HIV-2) and one double profile (HIV1+2). One among the patients was an active smoker. Comorbidities were found in 14 patients (64%) dominated by hypertension (7/14) and obesity/overweight (6/14). One case of hepatic cytolysis due to auto-immune disease was noted. The most frequent symptoms were headache, severe asthenia, fever, anosmia, breath shortness and cough. Anti-COVID-19 therapy was initiated following to the national protocol in addition to ART (8 on ATRIPLA, 4 TLD and 2 on ATZ/r and LPV/r). Half of the patients were treated in hospital (11/22, i.e., 50%), including one in intensive care, namely the one with a virological rebound. The case lethality rate was 9% (02/22). The two deaths involved patients over 65 years of age who did not receive any vaccine, one of whom suffered from an auto-immune disease with poor treatment observance. Conclusion: Most patients were virologically controlled with a good LTCD4 level > 582 cells/mm 3. The comorbidities found were identical to those already described, proving once again that HIV is probably not a separate factor. However, good monitoring of co-morbidities, support for therapeutic compliance and vaccination should enable effective control of this pandemic in HIV patients.
HIV and SARS‐Cov‐2 Co-Infection: A Local Perspective
Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology
Objective: As the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread globally, more human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients began to appear infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We aimed to evaluate the clinical course of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infected patients from a local perspective. Methods: HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infected patients diagnosed between March 2020 to June 2021 at a tertiary hospital in Turkey were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Thirty HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infected patients were included. Five patients were female, 25 were male, and the mean age was 44.5 ±10.2 years. Twenty-three (76.7%) patients were known to be HIV-positive before their admission to the hospital, and seven (23.7%) patients, were detected by screening after the diagnosis of COVID-19. All patients were known to be HIV-positive; they were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and virologically suppressed. Twenty-seven patients had a mild course. Three patients were hospitalized, and of them, two patients had died. All hospitalized patients were male and were ART-naïve. Conclusion: HIV infection alone did not increase the severity of the course of COVID-19 and did not increase the mortality in COVID-19.
Overview of SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults living with HIV
The Lancet HIV, 2021
Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre-including this research content-immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
Viruses
The main aim of this study was to describe the clinical and immunological outcomes, as well as the inflammatory profile, of patients with advanced HIV in an assisted-living facility in which an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 occurred. SARS-CoV-2 humoral and specific T-cell response were analyzed in patients with HIV infection and COVID-19; as a secondary objective of the analysis, levels of the inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα) were tested in the HIV/COVID-19 group, in HIV-positive patients without COVID-19, and in HIV-negative patients with mild/moderate COVID-19. Antibody kinetics and ability to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated by ELISA assay, as well as the inflammatory cytokines; SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response was quantified by ELISpot assay. Mann–Whitney or Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for comparisons. Thirty patients were included with the following demographics: age, 57 years old (IQR, 53–62); 76% male; median HIV duration of infection, 18 years (15–29); n...
Pressing Questions and Challenges in the HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 Syndemic
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2021
Since emerging into the human population in late 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has reached across the globe to infect >80 million people. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 can range in severity from mild and asymptomatic to severe and fatal. Identifying risk factors for adverse outcomes in COVID-19 is a major challenge. In the context of the existing HIV-1 pandemic, whether COVID-19 disproportionately burdens people living with HIV-1 infection (PLWH) is unclear. The following discussion highlights pressing questions and challenges in the HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 syndemic, including (i) age, sex, and race as drivers of COVID-19 severity; (ii) whether chronic inflammation common in PLWH influences immune response; (iii) whether disease severity and trajectory models for COVID-19 ought to be calibrated for PLWH; (iv) vaccine considerations, and finally, (v) long-term health outcomes in PLWH that are further burdened by coinfection with SARS-CoV-2.
Covid-19 Effects on HIV Infected Patients ART
Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2020
The current outbreak of novel coronavirus has prompted an upsurge of fear, stigma and virusshaming that is all too familiar to people living with HIV. For health care providers and other front-line professionals serving people with HIV, this means not only the added burden of managing the outbreak among their patients and clients, but also the opportunity to alleviate panic and keep those they serve well-informed. This article consolidates the most recent provider-focused information available regarding the intersection between HIV and SARSCoV-2, the novel coronavirus behind the COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 creates another health burden for people living with HIV (PLWH) who face multiple morbidities and may be at heightened risk for severe physical health illness from COVID-19. Our abilities to address these morbidities in PLWH must be considered alongside the socially-produced burdens that both place this population at risk for...
Description of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: a single-centre, prospective cohort
The Lancet HIV, 2020
Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre-including this research content-immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
Journal of Medical Virology, 2020
Little evidence on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in people living with HIV (PLWH) is currently available. We reported clinical and viroimmunological data of all HIV-positive patients admitted to our center with COVID-19 from March 1 to May 12, 2020. Overall, five patients were included: all were virologically-suppressed on antiretroviral therapy and CD4+ count was greater than 350 cell/mm 3 in all but two patients. Although all patients had evidence of pneumonia on admission, only one developed respiratory failure. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA was never detected from nasopharyngeal swabs in two patients, whereas in the others, viral clearance occurred within a maximum of 43 days. Immunoglobulin G production was elicited in all patients and neutralizing antibodies in all but one patient. Specific-T-cell response developed in all patients but was stronger in those with the more severe presentations. Similarly, the highest level of proinflammatory cytokines was found in the only patient experiencing respiratory failure. Despite a mild presentation, patients with more pronounced immunosuppression showed high degrees of both cytokines production and immune activation. Our study did not find an increased risk and severity of COVID-19 in PLWH. Adaptative cellular immune response to SARS-CoV-2 appeared to correlate to disease severity. The mild clinical picture showed in advanced HIV patients, despite a significant T-cell activation and inflammatory profile, suggests a potential role of HIV-driven immunological dysregulation in avoiding immune-pathogenetic processes. However, other possible explanations, as a protective role of certain antiretroviral drugs, should be considered. Further larger studies are needed to better clarify the impact of HIV infection on COVID-19.
SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 status in HIV-positive patients: A systematic review
2021
Coronavirus can cause lots of viral diseases such as the common cold, novel coronavirus disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Coronavirus and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered RNA viruses. The use of antivirals in HIV-positive patients challenges the treatment process of the patients with SARA, MERS, and COVID-19. We reviewed the relevant studies in this regard to identify the status of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in HIV-positive patients. According to this review, patients with HIV are not at risk for developing MERS, SARS, and COVID-19, but CD4<200 cells may increase the risk slightly. It should be noted that there is no difference regarding clinical signs, mortality, and length of the COIVD-19, SARS, and MERS in patients with HIV. © 2021 Journal of Cellular and Molecular Anesthesia. All rights reserved.
Three lessons for the COVID-19 response from pandemic HIV
The Lancet HIV, 2020
Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre-including this research content-immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.