Linear global instability of non-orthogonal incompressible swept attachment-line boundary-layer flow (original) (raw)
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2012
Flow instability in the non-orthogonal swept attachment-line boundary layer is addressed in a linear analysis framework via solution of the pertinent global (BiGlobal) partial differential equation (PDE)-based eigenvalue problem. Subsequently, a simple extension of the extended Görtler-Hämmerlin ordinary differential equation (ODE)based polynomial model proposed by for orthogonal flow, which includes previous models as special cases and recovers global instability analysis results, is presented for non-orthogonal flow. Direct numerical simulations have been used to verify the analysis results and unravel the limits of validity of the basic flow model analysed. The effect of the angle of attack, AoA, on the critical conditions of the non-orthogonal problem has been documented; an increase of the angle of attack, from AoA = 0 (orthogonal flow) up to values close to π/2 which make the assumptions under which the basic flow is derived questionable, is found to systematically destabilize the flow. The critical conditions of non-orthogonal flows at 0 AoA π/2 are shown to be recoverable from those of orthogonal flow, via a simple algebraic transformation involving AoA.
A simple extension of the classic Görtler-Hämmerlin (1955) (GH) model, essential for three-dimensional linear instability analysis, is presented. The extended Görtler-Hämmerlin model classifies all three-dimensional disturbances in this flow by means of symmetric and antisymmetric polynomials of the chordwise coordinate. It results in one-dimensional linear eigenvalue problems, a temporal or spatial solution of which, presented herein, is demonstrated to recover results otherwise only accessible to the temporal or spatial partial-derivative eigenvalue problem (the former also solved here) or to spatial direct numerical simulation (DNS). From a numerical point of view, the significance of the extended GH model is that it delivers the three-dimensional linear instability characteristics of this flow, discovered by solution of the partial-derivative eigenvalue problem by , at a negligible fraction of the computing effort required by either of the aforementioned alternative numerical methodologies. More significant, however, is the physical insight which the model offers into the stability of this technologically interesting flow. On the one hand, the dependence of three-dimensional linear disturbances on the chordwise spatial direction is unravelled analytically. On the other hand, numerical results obtained demonstrate that all linear three-dimensional instability modes possess the same (scaled) dependence on the wallnormal coordinate, that of the well-known GH mode. The latter result may explain why the three-dimensional linear modes have not been detected in past experiments; criteria for experimental identification of three-dimensional disturbances are discussed. Asymptotic analysis based on a multiple-scales method confirms the results of the extended GH model and provides an alternative algorithm for the recovery of three-dimensional linear instability characteristics, also based on solution of onedimensional eigenvalue problems. Finally, the polynomial structure of individual three-dimensional extended GH eigenmodes is demonstrated using three-dimensional DNS, performed here under linear conditions. † Present address: Rockwell Scientific,
Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2003
A simple extensión of the classic Gortler-Hámmerlin (1955) (GH) model, essential for three-dimensional linear instability analysis, is presented. The extended Gortler-Hámmerlin model classifies all three-dimensional disturbances in this flow by means of symmetric and antisymmetric polynomials of the chordwise coordínate. It results in one-dimensional linear eigenvalue problems, a temporal or spatial solution of which, presented herein, is demonstrated to recover results otherwise only accessible to the temporal or spatial partial-derivative eigenvalue problem (the former also solved here) or to spatial direct numerical simulation (DNS). From a numerical point of view, the significance of the extended GH model is that it delivers the three-dimensional linear instability characteristics of this flow, discovered by solution of the partial-derivative eigenvalue problem by , at a negligible fraction of the computing effort required by either of the aforementioned alternative numerical methodologies. More significant, however, is the physical insight which the model offers into the stability of this technologically interesting flow. On the one hand, the dependence of three-dimensional linear disturbances on the chordwise spatial direction is unravelled analytically. On the other hand, numerical results obtained demónstrate that all linear three-dimensional instability modes possess the same (scaled) dependence on the wallnormal coordínate, that of the well-known GH mode. The latter result may explain why the three-dimensional linear modes have not been detected in past experiments; criteria for experimental identification of three-dimensional disturbances are discussed. Asymptotic analysis based on a multiple-scales method confirms the results of the extended GH model and provides an alternative algorithm for the recovery of three-dimensional linear instability characteristics, also based on solution of onedimensional eigenvalue problems. Finally, the polynomial structure of individual three-dimensional extended GH eigenmodes is demonstrated using three-dimensional DNS, performed here under linear conditions. f Present address: Rockwell Scientific, P.O. Box 1085, Thousand Oaks, CA 91358, USA.
On the stability of attachment-line boundary layers. Part 1. The incompressible swept Hiemenz flow
Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1996
The stability of the incompressible attachment-line boundary layer is studied by solving a partial-differential eigenvalue problem. The basic flow near the leading edge is taken to be the swept Hiemenz flow which represents an exact solution of the Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations. Previous theoretical investigations considered a special class of two-dimensional disturbances in which the chordwise variation of disturbance velocities mimics the basic flow and renders a system of ordinarydifferential equations of the Orr-Sommerfeld type. The solution of this sixth-order system by showed that the two-dimensional disturbance is stable provided that the Reynolds number R < 583.1. In the present study, the restrictive assumptions on the disturbance field are relaxed to allow for more general solutions. Results of the present analysis indicate that unstable perturbations other than the special symmetric two-dimensional mode referred to above do exist in the attachment-line boundary layer provided R > 646. Both symmetric and antisymmetric two-and three-dimensional eigenmodes can be amplified. These unstable modes with the same spanwise wavenumber travel with almost identical phase speeds, but the eigenfunctions show very distinct features. Nevertheless, the symmetric twodimensional mode always has the highest growth rate and dictates the instability. As far as the special two-dimensional mode is concerned, the present results are in complete agreement with previous investigations. One of the major advantages of the present approach is that it can be extended to study the stability of compressible attachment-line flows where no satisfactory simplified approaches are known to exist.
Linear instability of orthogonal compressible leading-edge boundary layer flow
6th AIAA Theoretical Fluid Mechanics Conference, 2011
Instability analysis of compressible orthogonal swept leading-edge boundary layer flow was performed in the context of BiGlobal linear theory. 1, 2 An algorithm was developed exploiting the sparsity characteristics of the matrix discretizing the PDE-based eigenvalue problem. This allowed use of the MUMPS sparse linear algebra package 3 to obtain a direct solution of the linear systems associated with the Arnoldi iteration. The developed algorithm was then applied to efficiently analyze the effect of compressibility on the stability of the swept leading-edge boundary layer and obtain neutral curves of this flow as a function of the Mach number in the range 0 ≤ M a ≤ 1. The present numerical results fully confirmed the asymptotic theory results of Theofilis et al. 4 Up to the maximum Mach number value studied, it was found that an increase of this parameter reduces the critical Reynolds number and the range of the unstable spanwise wavenumbers.
On the stability of an infinite swept attachment line boundary layer
… of the Royal …, 1984
The instability of an infinite swept attachment line boundary layer is considered in the linear regime. The basic three-dimensional flow is shown to be susceptible to travelling wave disturbances that propagate along the attachment line. The effect of suction on the ...
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 1993
A numerical study is performed in order to gain insight to the stability of the infinite swept attachment line boundary layer. The basic flow is taken to be of the Hiemenz class with an added cross-flow giving rise to a constant thickness boundary layer along the attachment line. The full Navier-Stokes equations are solved using an initial value problem approach after two-dimensional perturbations of varying amplitude are introduced into the basic flow. A second-order-accurate finite difference scheme is used in the normal-to-the-wall direction, while a pseudospectral approach is employed in the other directions; temporally, an implicit Crank-Nicolson scheme is used. Extensive use of the efficient fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm has been made, resulting in substantial savings in computing cost. Results for the two-dimensional linear regime of perturbations are in very good agreement with past numerical and theoretical investigations, without the need for specific assumptions used by the latter, thus establishing the generality of our method.
The aim of this thesis is to describe the linear and non-linear dynamics of both attached and separated boundary-layer flows over a flat plate at low Reynolds numbers. The linear dynamics, driven by the interactions among the non-orthogonal eigenvectors, is studied using two global instability approaches: the global eigenvalue analysis and the direct-adjoint optimization. In these global instability analysis no spatial structure is assumed a-priori for the perturbation, and the convective effects due to the high non-parallelism of the flow are taken into account. In the case of the separated boundary-layer flows, it has been clarified the role of the following features in the onset of unsteadiness: i) the strong two-dimensional convective amplification; ii) the non-normality effects such as the 'flapping' phenomenon; iii) the high sensitivity to external forcing; iv) the globally unstable three-dimensional mode. Concerning the attached boundary layer, the aim has been to identify localized perturbations characterized by more than one frequency in the streamwise and/or spanwise direction, inducing a strong energy amplification. In order to assess the effects of non-linearity on the instability mechanisms identified by the global linear stability analysis, direct numerical simulations have been performed in a two- and three-dimensional framework for both the attached and separated boundary-layer flows. The dynamics of the perturbations which most easily brings the flows on the verge of turbulence have been studied. Different scenarios of transition have been observed, and the mechanisms leading the flow to turbulence have been analyzed in detail.
Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1986
The instability of a three-dimensional attachment-line boundary layer is considered in the nonlinear regime. Using weakly nonlinear theory, it is found that, apart from a small interval near the (linear) critical Reynolds number, finite-amplitude solutions bifurcate subcritically from the upper branch of the neutral curve. The time-dependent Navier–Stokes equations for the attachment-line flow have been solved using a Fourier–Chebyshev spectral method and the subcritical instability is found at wavenumbers that correspond to the upper branch. Both the theory and the numerical calculations show the existence of supercritical finite-amplitude (equilibrium) states near the lower branch which explains why the observed flow exhibits a preference for the lower branch modes. The effect of blowing and suction on nonlinear stability of the attachment-line boundary layer is also investigated.