Analysis of stress field during Submerged Arc Weld surfacing (original) (raw)
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Analytical model of stress field in submerged arc welding butt joint with thorough penetration
MATEC Web of Conferences
Analytical model of temporary and residual stresses for butt welding with thorough penetration was described assuming planar section hypothesis and using integral equations of stress equilibrium of the bar and simple Hooke's law. In solution the effect of phase transformations (structure changes and structural strains) has been taken into account. Phase transformations during heating are limited by temperature values at the beginning and at the end of austenitic transformation, depending on chemical composition of steel while the progress of phase transformations during cooling is determined on the basis of TTT-welding diagram. Temperature values at the beginning and at the end of transformation are conditioned by the speed of heating. Kinetics of diffusional transformation is described basing on Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov equation, while martensitic transformation, basing on Koistinen-Marburger equation. Stresses in elasto-plastic state are determined by iteration, using elastic solutions method with changeable longitudinal modulus of elasticity, conditioned by stress-strain curve. Computations of stress field have been conducted for one-side butt welded of two steel flats made from S235 steel. It has enabled a clear interpretation of influence of temperature field and phase transformation on stresses caused by welding using Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) method.
Industry 4.0: Trends in Management of Intelligent Manufacturing Systems, 2019
In stress calculations during the welding processes of metals and their alloys, the interaction of temperature fields, phase transformations, strains, and stresses is commonly taken into account. The starting point for these calculations is the temperature field, whose changes result in changes in structural component shares (e.g., in steel, cast iron) and changes in the strain fields. Finally, the thermal and structural strains, in conjunction with stress-strain curves, enable the determination of temporary and residual stresses. 9.2 Temperature Field Two methods are mainly used to calculate the temperature in welding processes: analytical (usually based on integral transformations and Green's functions) [1-7] and numerical: (FEM-Finite Element Method) [8-16], as well as methods of elementary balances and finite differences. In this work, the temperature field is described analytically as the summary temperature increase caused by the action of the electric arc Θ a and the heat transferred by the molten metal electrode Θ w [17]:
Study the Influence of Heat Input on the Shape Factors and HAZ width during Submerged Arc welding
Welding process variables play a significant role in determining the quality of a weld joint. The joint quality can be defined in terms of properties such as weld- bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion. In this paper, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the influence of welding parameters in submerged arc welding (SAW) process particularly welding current (I) and traverse speed (Ts) on weld shape factors and heat affected zone (HAZ). These responses have different meaning in joint properties. Penetration shape factor (PSF) defines the deposition and distortion of weldment whereas reinforcement form factor (RFF) means the excess of the deposited material. Width of HAZ indirectly defines the mechanical properties of the weld. It was found that an increase in current PSF has a significant effect and RFF has a little effect. And traverse speed shows a mixed trend over PSF and little change in RFF. Welding current and traverse speed have a positive effect on HAZ.
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020
The proper implementation of any welding process depends upon its input process parameters. The principle aim of this review research paper is to make analysis of various parameters of submerged arc welding process as examined by several researchers for optimum output values. These parameters are welding current, welding speed, welding current, wire diameter, welding voltage and many more. This paper covers a literature review of experiments and theories highlighting the effect of input process parameters on the mechanical properties of weld in submerged arc welding (SAW). This study covers the survey of important literature of several decades. Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) is used as a high metal deposition rate welding process in any fabrication industry. In this process thick metal sheets can be joined efficiently. In this study a clear effect of process parameters on several mechanical properties of weld are reported and concluded.
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2018
Submerged arc welding (SAW) is widely used metal fabrication process commonly used to join plates of higher thickness due to its capability of high metal deposition rate. The present experiment is carried out to study the heat generation during submerged arc welding on mild steel plate while the plate temperature is at zero degree Celsius simultaneously at thirty degree Celsius plate temperature. The experiment is carried out on heavy duty mild steel of designation IS 2062 grade B. A suitable setup is fabricated to keep the plate temperature at zero degree Celsius and then bead on plate welding formed by submerged arc welding machine separately at both temperatures keeping same heat input. Taguchi's design of experiment is incorporated to reduce the number of experimental runs. Temperature profile is recorded by using thermocouple interfaced by data acquisition system operated by LAB VIEW software. Attributes of bead geometry of the entire sample for both the situations are measured and compared. It is established that submerged arc welding is feasible while the plate temperature is zero degree Celsius.
Effect of Arc Welding Parameters Controlling Submerged Arc Welding (Saw) Process- a Review
Submerged arc welding (SAW) is an important metal fabrication technology specially applied to join metals of large thickness in welding process. The process use of granular flux blanket that covers the molten weld pool during operation, protection through atmospheric contamination of the weld bead and slower cooling rate, achieved by this arrangement can improve mechanical properties of the weldment. Welding input parameters play a very significant role in determining the quality of a weld joint. The joint quality can be assessed in terms of properties such as weld-bead geometry, mechanical properties, and distortion. Best quality and cost effective welds can be achieved by proper understanding the weld metal properties and the influence of welding parameters. This paper presents the comprehensive research review on ef welding parameter on quality of welds. Submerged arc welding (SAW) is an important metal technology specially applied to join metals of large thickness in welding pro...
Effect of Heat input on Submerged Arc Welded Plates
Procedia Engineering, 2011
This paper is focused on deriving an analytical solution to predict the transient temperature distribution on the plate during the process of Submerged Arc Welding (SAW). An analytical solution is derived from the transient threedimensional heat conduction equation. The energy input that is applied on the plate is taken as the volume of heat lost from the electric arc and the kinetic energy of filler droplets specifically driven by gravity, electromagnetic force, arc drag force, carring mass, momentum and thermal energy. These driving forces periodically impinge onto the base metal, leading to a liquid weld puddle. The electric arc is assumed to be a moving double central conicoidal heat source with a close proximity to a Gaussian distribution. It is observed that the predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental results. HAZ width calculation is also done with the help of the analytical solution of the transient-three dimensional heat conduction equation. Analyses of micro-structural changes are critically investigated to comprehend the HAZ softening and phenomena.
Selection of Appropriate Moving Heat Source Shape of Submerged Arc Welding Process
Several critical input variables eg current, voltage, electrode diameter, travel speed, wire feed rate, stick out and the like are involved in submerged arc welding. Temperature distribution during welding depends on these welding process parameters as heat input is function of these parameters [16]. The shape of heat distribution changes with variation of input parameters of SAW process [13]. Study of temperature distribution of welded plates is very essential for designing submerged arc welding joint [14].
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020
Joining of materials with the help of submerged arc welding machine is widely used in the concerned industries. The quality of the weld is identified by several welding output parameters like weld width, reinforcement height, depth of penetration, hardness, impact strength and tensile strength etc. The input welding parameters on which outputs depend are welding current, voltage, feed rate, speed of welding, electrode extension, diameter of electrode and electrode angle etc. All the researchers try to optimize these parameters according to the concerned requirement. In this review paper it was tried to consider different research papers containing the research and analysis made on input output parameters of submerged arc welding process. This paper also focused on analysis of some research papers containing heat input rate, cooling rate of weld, micro structure of weld and heat affected zone and their effect on the performance of the joint. Total 28 research papers were selected for our consideration after a thorough investigation of several such papers. After the analysis of the research papers the future scope of research was also suggested.
A Review on Study of Heat Transfer Rate on Multipass Submerged Arc Welding
In arc welding the heat flow from the tip of electrode to the base metal. The heat transfer rate is generally based on the work material, weld material, welding process, inert gases etc. The heat transfer rate and rate of cooling in welding can directly controls microstructure and mechanical properties of welded region and base metal. The proposed study going to carry out on multipass submerged arc welding for varying heat input. The one dimensional, two dimensional and three dimensional heat flow equation will be used for the total heat transfer rate in submerged arc welding. The corresponding mechanical properties hardness c-v-n test results tensile strength of welded joint will be studied. This process is use full in joining thick section of components used in various industries. Besides joining SAW can also be used for surface applications. Heat affected zone produced in within the base metal as a result of tremendous heat of arc is of big concern as it affects the performance of welded surfaced structure in service due to metallurgical changes in the affected region. The various changes in the metal can be analyzed by heat transfer rate. The various sub zones in the microstructure were observed in HAZ of SAE weld of partially transformed. The main purpose of proposed work is to investigate and correlate the study of heat transfer rate on multipass submerged arc welding.