Nodular thyroid disease and low FT4 levels in Klinefelter syndrome: an extension of the classical phenotype (original) (raw)

Abstract

Purpose: Thyroid dysfunction in patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) remains an unresolved issue. Although low free thyroxine (FT4) levels within the normal range and normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels have been reported, there is currently no data on nodular thyroid disease in this population. This study aims to evaluate the results of thyroid ultrasound (US) examinations in KS patients compared with healthy controls. Methods: A cohort of 122 KS and 85 age-matched healthy male controls underwent thyroid US screening and thyroid hormone analysis. According to US risk-stratification systems, nodules ≥1 cm were examined by fine needle aspiration (FNA). Results: Thyroid US detected nodular thyroid disease in 31% of KS compared to 1.3% of controls. No statistical differences in the maximum diameter of the largest nodules and in moderate and highly suspicious nodules were found between patients and the control group. Six nodules underwent FNA and were confirmed as cytolog...

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