Improving the tensile properties of 3D printed PLA by optimizing the processing parameter (original) (raw)
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INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL GEOMETRI ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 3D PRINTED POLYLACTIC ACID (PLA) MATERIAL
Three dimensional (3D) printing technologies have been developed within recent decades and have been demanding for today practical application because of its advantages such as low cost production and easy and simple to use. However, there are still weaknesses in the printing result and processing, including the process efficiency, limited resolution especially for complex design of resulted product, and optimization of the mechanical properties of the filaments used. This study aimed to analyze the effect of variations in the internal geometry on the mechanical properties of 3D printed object using PLA materials. The printed object varied by geometrical shapes and thickness of each geometry. Internal shape geometry used is a triangle and honeycomb, with variations in the size of each symmetry axis of the goemetry are 4.5 mm and 9 mm, and the thickness variation between objects are 1 mm and 2 mm. Test results show that the best performance obtained by measuring its tensile and flexural strength is the sampel with triangle geometry of 9 mm geometrical size and 2 mm of thickness. The tensile strength and flexural strength values of the object are 59.2996 MPa and 123 MPa respectively.
Study of the influence of 3D printing parameters on the mechanical properties of PLA
2018
This paper aims to determine the influence of 3D printing parameters, such as Infill Density, Extrusion Temperature, Raster Angle and Layer Thickness, on mechanical properties, namely Ultimate Tensile Strength, Yield Strength, Modulus of Elasticity and Elongation at Break, in the case of polylactic acid (PLA), after it goes through the manufacturing process. Another objective is to study water absorption by the PLA, with a goal to minimize it by means of a coating agent. The influence of each printing parameter on each mechanical property is evaluated by using analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed PLA Specimens with Various Infill Shapes and Volumes
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Traditional manufacturing methods contain removing excess materials by trimming, cutting and sanding to get the projected shapes; however, additive manufacturing contain direct manufacturing of the objects utilizing computer assisted design model by adding a layer of material at a time. During the design of 3D printed functional objects, most important issue is to provide strength and durability of the final products. Main focus of 3D printing process includes materials selection, overall design (size, complexity, pore volume and shape), and printing orientation. Slicing software can be used to arrange patterns within a desired solid percentage for the printing process. Designed pattern and percent rate are two main factors for infill specimens which affect the material usage, print time, strength, weight, as well as decorative properties. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable and bioactive thermoplastic that is obtained from renewable resources, such as cassava roots, corn starc...
Polymers, 2021
In order to optimize the efficiency of the Fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, this study used polylactic acid (PLA) material under different parameters (the printing angle and the raster angle) to fabricate specimens and to explore its tensile properties. The effect of the ultraviolet (UV) curing process on PLA materials was also investigated. The results showed that the printing and raster angles have a high impact on the tensile properties of PLA materials. The UV curing process enhanced the brittleness and reduced the elongation of PLA material. Different effects were observed on tensile strength and modulus of specimens printed with different parameters after UV curing. The above results will be a great help for researchers who are working to achieve sustainability of PLA materials and FDM technology.
International Journal of Chemical Engineering
The main objective of this research study is to optimize the printing parameters that can be used in the FDM (fusion deposition modeling) production method to obtain the lowest production time and best printing parameter of PLA (polylactic acid) filament with the tensile test. The printing parameter that can be used in FDM machines such as extruder temperature, bed temperature, layer height, printing speed, travel speed, infill, and shell count is taken into account for optimization. In addition, the tensile specimens from ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) D638 standard were manufactured by PLA filament with the above-modified printing parameters. The best printing parameters for PLA products were found by the time recorded during production and tensile test results after production. Thus, through this research, one can find the best PLA filament printing parameters and their timing.
Results in Engineering, 2021
In Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printing the printed part is greatly affected by the process parameters, therefore the parameters have to select properly to enhance the characteristics of the final product. In view of this, the present paper experimentally and statistically studied the effect of various printing parameters namely build orientation, raster orientation, nozzle diameter, extruder temperature, infill density, shell number, and extruding speed on tensile strength using Polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Based on Taguchi’s mixed model fractional factorial design, eighteen experiments were set and the specimens of PLA are printed on an FDM 3D printer and tested for tensile strength using the universal testing machine. Thereafter, the optimal combination of the parameters was selected using Signal-to-Noise ratio (S/N), and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used for indicating the significant parameters and their effect on tensile strength. Moreover, a linear regression model has been developed to predict the tensile strength of the printed part. The results showed that the part strength influenced by the selected process parameters, where only three of them, build orientation (on-edge), nozzle diameter (0.5), and infill density (100%) statistically were significant and highly impact the result. While build orientation has the most influential effect on tensile strength (44.68%). Lastly, the confirmation test showed that there is a good agreement between the experimental and statistical data.
Journal of Engineering and Science Research, 2019
This report is influencing infill density and layer thickness on mechanical strength of Poly-lactic Acid (PLA) material in three-dimensional printing machine. According to use Additive Manufacturing technology in PLA material used Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique. In this project, nine samples are tested for different infill pattern (Zig zag, Triangles & Grid) and different layer thickness (0.2, 0.1 & 0.15) mm by using Taguchi Method. Here we demonstrate an empirical method utilizing a statistical design of experiment technique and standardized mechanical testing which ultimately exposes trends and variable interactions specific to our selected additive manufacturing process. We collect data then converted to stress and strain values in order to construct stress vs. strain diagram and try to use a few basic formulas, mechanical properties such as modulus, yield stress, ultimate tensile stress, and percent elongation were able to be determined for each geometrical infill den...
Optimization of 3D-Printer Process Parameters for Improving Quality of Polylactic Acid Printed Part
International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2017
Technology of 3D-Printer based on fused deposition material has developed intensively with varying qualities. However, default setting of printing process parameters provided by the manufacturer in some cases does not guarantee quality (dimension error and strength) of the printed part, since there are several process parameters that need to be considered. A 3D-Printer with polylactic acid filament material has been applied in this study. A specimen standard of ASTM D638 Type IV has been used as a tensile strength and dimension error test to represent printed part quality. Three printing process parameters: layer thickness (0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 mm), temperatures (195, 200 and 205°C) and raster angles (-45°, 0° and 60°) have been optimized using Taguchi and Response Surface Methods. Test was carried out to find the highest tensile strength and the lowest dimension error based on the optimum parameter setting and validated them with experiment and default setting. Quality of printed part obtained by optimum parameter setting of RSM [0.05 mm, 199.8 o C, 45.1 o ] showed better than that by Taguchi [0.15 mm, 195 o C, 0 o ] and default setting [0.1 mm, 200 o C, 0.0 o ]. In addition, tensile strength of printed part mostly was affected by layer thickness, while dimension error was caused by raster angle. Keyword-3D-Printer, Optimization, Polylactic Acid (PLA), Taguchi Method, Response Surface Method I. INTRODUCTION Additive manufacturing (AM) or layer manufacturing (LM) technology and it is called 3D printer has developed intensively with varying material types and forms that can be used to build a 3D object. It is gaining ground for manufacturing prototypes, tools and functional end products [1]. Several of existing technologies include selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/M), laser-photo resin curing (SLA), laser-cutting of sheet material (LOM), fusing of melted filament material (FDM), electron beam melting (EBM) and many others. However, although these technologies have been available commercially, there are a wide range of qualities of the machine and the built part and so the price. Recently, the price of the machine is drop and even a small machine-FDM based technology in the kit pack is underway to become home appliances, just like coffee maker. Built part quality of 3D printer (FDM based technology) here is defined on the basis of mechanical strength, surface finish, and dimension error or dimension accuracy. Research related to the mechanical strength of printed parts built by 3D printer can be found in many publications. Tymrak, et.al. investigated tensile strength and modulus elasticity of PLA and ABS parts made by 4 types of open source RepRap 3D printer [2]. They used pattern orientation (0°/90°,+45°/45°) and layer thickness (0.2; 0.3; 0.4 mm) as printing parameters of printing object (ASTM D638). In this research, they found that the mean of tensile strength and modulus elasticity of PLA part were 56.6 MPa and 3368 MPa; while for ABS, there were 28.5 MPa and 1807 MPa, respectively. In relation to build orientation, Zaldivar et.al found that the orientation also affected thermal behaviour of 3D-Printed ULTEM 9085 Material [3]. By choosing suitable build orientation and reducing layer thickness, Singh Bual and Kumar could improve the surface finish of the printed part [4]. Similar research using FDM has also been done to investigate the combination effect of 5 raster angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°) and 3 part orientations (horizontal, vertical and perpendicular) to surface roughness, mechanical characteristic (tensile strength and flexural strength) of ABS printed part, production time and cost [5]. They found that raster angle and part orientation gave effect to surface roughness and mechanical characteristic. Among those two parameters, part orientation gave more significant effect than raster angle. In addition, 0° raster angle, vertical-horizontal part orientation could give lower surface roughness and better mechanical characteristic as well as optimum production time and cost. Moreover, following correlation analysis, layer thickness was effective to improve surface roughness as indicated by inverse relationship between layer thickness and surface roughness [6]. Concerning dimension error or dimension accuracy, there were some publications found. Béraud, et.al. for example, they reported about improving dimensional accuracy of parts produced by Electron Beam Melting EBM) using beam characterization and trajectory optimization [7]. Another research was conducted by Cajal,
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018
Rapid prototyping (RP) technologies have emerged as fabrication methods to obtain engineering components within a short span of time. Desktop 3D printing, also referred as Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology is a powerful method of rapid prototyping technique that can fabricate three-dimensional engineering components. Poly Lactic acid (PLA) is a green alternative to petrochemical commodity plastics, used in packaging, agricultural products, disposable materials, textiles, and automotive composites, 3-D printing technology enables fabrication of PLA and bronze filled PLA, which has less tensile and flexural modulus. In order for 3D printed parts to be useful for engineering applications, the mechanical properties of the material will play an important role in the functioning of the components. In the present study, commercial grade PLA & bronze filled PLA has been considered as material for preparation of samples using desktop 3D printer. The samples were tested for their mechanical characteristics like Tensile and flexural strength properties. The test Samples were fabricated using 3D printing with different layer height and with different layer build-up speed. Comparison between the PLA & bronze filled PLA based on the experimental results are discussed and found PLA has superior tensile and flexural property when compared to Bronze filled PLA.
IOP conference series, 2018
Rapid prototyping (RP) technologies have emerged as fabrication methods to obtain engineering components within a short span of time. Desktop 3D printing, also referred as Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology is a powerful method of rapid prototyping technique that can fabricate three-dimensional engineering components. Poly Lactic acid (PLA) is a green alternative to petrochemical commodity plastics, used in packaging, agricultural products, disposable materials, textiles, and automotive composites, 3-D printing technology enables fabrication of PLA and bronze filled PLA, which has less tensile and flexural modulus. In order for 3D printed parts to be useful for engineering applications, the mechanical properties of the material will play an important role in the functioning of the components. In the present study, commercial grade PLA & bronze filled PLA has been considered as material for preparation of samples using desktop 3D printer. The samples were tested for their mechanical characteristics like Tensile and flexural strength properties. The test Samples were fabricated using 3D printing with different layer height and with different layer build-up speed. Comparison between the PLA & bronze filled PLA based on the experimental results are discussed and found PLA has superior tensile and flexural property when compared to Bronze filled PLA.